James Stuart, 1st Viscount Stuart of Findhorn
James Gray Stuart, 1st Viscount Stuart of Findhorn, CH, MVO, MC*, PC (9 February 1897 – 20 February 1971) was a British Unionist politician. He was joint-Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury in Winston Churchill's war-time coalition government and later served as Secretary of State for Scotland under Churchill and then Sir Anthony Eden from 1951 to 1957. In 1959 he was elevated to the peerage as Viscount Stuart of Findhorn.
The Viscount Stuart of Findhorn | |||||||||||||||||||||
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 Photograph of Stuart by Walter Stoneman, taken August 1943. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Secretary of State for Scotland | |||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 30 October 1951 – 9 January 1957 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | Winston Churchill Sir Anthony Eden | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Hector McNeil | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | John Maclay | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Whip of the House of Commons Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury | |||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 14 January 1941 – 26 July 1945 Serving with Charles Edwards and William Whiteley | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | Winston Churchill | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Charles Edwards | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | William Whiteley | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Lord Commissioner of the Treasury | |||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 1 May 1935 – 14 January 1941 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | Ramsay MacDonald Stanley Baldwin Neville Chamberlain Winston Churchill | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Lambert Ward | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Thomas Dugdale | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | James Gray Stuart 9 February 1897 Edinburgh, Scotland | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | 20 February 1971 (aged 74) Salisbury, England | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Nationality | British | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Political party | Unionist | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse |
Rachel Cavendish (m. 1923) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Children | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Background
editBorn in Edinburgh, Stuart was the third and youngest son of Morton Stuart, 17th Earl of Moray, and Edith Douglas Palmer, daughter of Rear-Admiral George Palmer.[1] He was educated at Eton College and was set to attend the University of Cambridge, but the plans were interrupted by the outbreak of World War I.[1]
Military service
editStuart was commissioned from the Officers' Training Corps into the Special Reserve as a probationary Second lieutenant in the 3rd (Reserve) Battalion, Royal Scots[2] (his probation completed in Jan 1915[3]) and served in the war, reaching the rank of Captain. He was awarded the Military Cross[4] and Bar[5] in 1917.
He was appointed Equerry to HRH Prince Albert in June 1920,[6] and was appointed a Member (4th Class) of the Royal Victorian Order in the 1922 New Year Honours, with the award dated 3 December 1921.[7]
Political career
editStuart sat as Member of Parliament (MP) for Moray and Nairn from 1923 to 1959.[8] He served as a Lord of the Treasury from 1935 to 1941 under successively Ramsay MacDonald, Stanley Baldwin, Neville Chamberlain and Winston Churchill and was sworn of the Privy Council in the 1939 Birthday Honours.[9] In 1941 Churchill promoted him to joint Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury (Government Chief Whip), which he remained until 1945. He continued as Conservative Chief Whip until 1948. In 1950 he became Chairman of the Scottish Unionist Party, a post he held until 1962.[1]
When the Conservatives returned to power under Churchill in 1951, Stuart was made Secretary of State for Scotland, with a seat in the cabinet.[1] He continued in this post until 1957, the last two years under the premiership of Sir Anthony Eden. He was appointed a Companion of Honour in 1957. On 20 November 1959 he was elevated to the peerage as Viscount Stuart of Findhorn, of Findhorn in the County of Moray.[10]
Family
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In 1923 Stuart married Lady Rachel Cavendish,[11] daughter of Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire. They had three children:
- David Randolph Moray Stuart, 2nd Viscount Stuart of Findhorn (1924−1999)
- John Douglas Stuart, a Royal Navy lieutenant (1925−1990)
- Jean Davina Stuart (born 1932)
Stuart's sister-in-law Dorothy Cavendish was the wife of Harold Macmillan.
Stuart died at Salisbury Infirmary on 20 February 1971, aged 74, and was succeeded in the viscountcy by his elder son. His widow died in October 1977.[1]
Before his marriage, Stuart had been noted as a suitor of Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon while serving as an equerry to her eventual husband Prince Albert, Duke of York (the future King George VI).[1]
Arms
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References
edit- ^ a b c d e f Kernohan, R. D. (2004). "Stuart, James Gray, first Viscount Stuart of Findhorn (1897–1971), politician". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/46434. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "No. 28899". The London Gazette. 11 September 1914. p. 7226.
- ^ "No. 29053". The London Gazette. 26 January 1915. p. 919.
- ^ "No. 13033". The Edinburgh Gazette (Supplement). 1 January 1917. p. 42.
- ^ "No. 30188". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 July 1917. p. 7218.
- ^ "No. 31924". The London Gazette. 1 June 1920. p. 6040.
- ^ "No. 32563". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1921. p. 10717.
- ^ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "M" (part 3)
- ^ "No. 34633". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 June 1939. p. 3852.
- ^ "No. 41874". The London Gazette. 20 November 1959. p. 7359.
- ^ de László, Philip Alexius. "Portrait of Lady Rachel Cavendish, later Viscountess Stuart of Findhorn, O. B. E. , 1923–1923". Artnet.
- ^ Debrett's Peerage. 2019. p. 4508.
Sources
edit- Torrance, David, The Scottish Secretaries (Birlinn 2006)
- Stuart, James; Viscount Stuart of Findhorn. Within the Fringe: An Autobiography