James or Jim Peters may refer to:
- Jimmy Peters (rugby) (1879–1954), English rugby player
- Jack Peters (James Peters), English football player
- James A. Peters (1922–1972), American zoologist
- James L. Peters (1889–1952), American ornithologist
- Jim Peters (politician) (born 1937), New Zealand politician
- Jim Peters (athlete) (1918–1999), English long-distance runner
- Jimmy Peters Sr. (1922–2006), Canadian ice hockey player
- Jimmy Peters Jr. (born 1944), Canadian ice hockey player