The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly, also known as the Jammu and Kashmir Vidhan Sabha, is the legislature of Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly | |
|---|---|
| 13th Jammu and Kashmir Assembly | |
 | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
Term limits | 5 years |
| History | |
| Founded | 1957 by Monarchy Commission, Presidential Commission. |
| Preceded by | Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly |
| Leadership | |
Manoj Sinha since 7 August 2020 | |
Speaker | |
Leader of the House (Chief Minister) | |
Deputy Leader of the House (Deputy Chief Minister) | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 119 (90 seats + 24 seats reserved for Pakistan administered Jammu and Kashmir) + 5 Nominated by LG |
  | |
Political groups | Government (55)
Official Opposition (28)
Other Opposition (5) Nominated (5)
Vacant (2)
|
| Elections | |
| First past the post | |
Last election | 18 September 2024 to 1 October 2024 |
Next election | September/October 2029 |
| Meeting place | |
 | |
| Legislative Assembly, Srinagar (Summer session) | |
| Legislative Assembly, Jammu (Winter session) | |
| Website | |
| jkla | |
Prior to 2019, the State of Jammu and Kashmir had a bicameral legislature with a legislative assembly (lower house) and a legislative council (upper house). The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, passed by the Parliament of India in August 2019, replaced this with a unicameral legislature while also re-organising the state into a union territory. The 12th assembly was dissolved by the Governor on 21 November 2018.[5] The 13th assembly was elected in September and October 2024.
History
editPraja Sabha
editThe first legislature of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, called the Praja Sabha, was established by the government of the Maharaja Hari Singh in 1934.[6] It had 33 elected seats, 30 nominated members and 12 ex-officio members.[7]
The first election in 1934 saw the Liberal Group headed by Pandit Ram Chander Dubey emerge as the largest party and the Muslim Conference as the second largest (with 14 seats).[8] Further elections were held in 1938 and 1947.
In 1939, the Muslim Conference party renamed itself to National Conference under the leadership of Sheikh Abdullah and opened its membership to people of all religions. It launched a Quit Kashmir movement in 1946 and boycotted the 1947 election.[9]
Post-accession
editAfter the accession of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir to the Union of India in 1947, the Maharaja ceded powers to a popular government headed by Sheikh Abdullah. Elections for a constituent assembly were held in 1951, in which Abdullah's National Conference won all 75 seats.
In 1957, a new constitution was adopted by the constituent assembly, which established a bicameral legislature consisting of an upper house, the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council and a lower house, the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly.[10] Wali Mohammad Itoo of the National Conference was speaker of the assembly between 7 July 1983 and 31 July 1984.[11]
Revocation of Article 370 and reorganisation of state
editIn 2019, Article 370 of the Constitution of India, which gave special status to Jammu and Kashmir, was abrogated[12] and Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act was passed to reconstitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir into union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh with effect from 31 October 2019.[13] The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir has a unicameral Legislative Assembly. The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council was formally abolished on 31 October 2019.[14][15]
In March 2020, a three-member Delimitation Commission was formed, chaired by retired Justice Ranjana Prakash Desai, for the delimitation of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.[16] The commission published its interim report in February 2022.[17] The final delimitation report was released on 5 May 2022[18] and it came into force from 20 May 2022.[19]
Composition
editThe Legislative Assembly was initially composed of 100 members, later increased to 111 by the then Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir (Twentieth Amendment) Act of 1988.[10] Of these, 24 seats were designated for the territorial constituencies of the state that came under Pakistani control in 1947.[10] These seats remained officially vacant as per section 48 of the then state constitution and now also in The Constitution of India.[10] These seats were not taken into account for reckoning the total membership of the assembly, especially for deciding quorum and voting majorities for legislation and government formation.[10] Hence the total contestable and filled seats of the assembly were 87 seats. The Kashmir valley region had 46 seats, the Jammu region had 37 seats, and Ladakh region had 4 seats.
State reorganisation and Delimitation
editJammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act was passed to reconstitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir into union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.[13] In March 2020, Delimitation Commission was formed for the delimitation of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir prior to the next Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election.[16] The delimitation report added additional 6 seats to the Jammu division and 1 seat to Kashmir division. After delimitation, the total seats in the assembly rose to 114 seats, out of which 24 seats are designated for areas that fall under Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. Out of the remaining 90 seats, 43 seats are in Jammu division and 47 seats are in the Kashmir division. With this, hindu majority Jammu with a population of 53 lakh (43% of the total population of 1.22 crore) will have 47% seats, while muslim majority Kashmir which has a population of 68 lakh (56%) will have 52% of the seats.[18]
Reservation for SC/STs
editThe parliament passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Amendment) Bill 2023 which provides for reservation of 7 seats for the Scheduled Castes and 9 seats for the Scheduled Tribes.[20][21]
Provisions for Nominated Members
editJammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 provides for nomination of 2 members to the Legislative Assembly by the Lieutenant Governor if women are not adequately represented in the house.[22] Following amendment to the Act in 2023, the Lieutenant Governor may also nominate two representatives of Kashmiri migrant families (one seat reserved for woman) and one member to represent the migrants from Pakistan occupied Kashmir (POK).[23]
Tenure and functions
editMembers of the Legislative Assembly were elected for a six-year term up to 2019 and five-year term thereafter. The seats are filled by direct election from single member constituencies using the first past the post method. The assembly may be dissolved before the completion of the full term by the Lieutenant Governor upon the advice of the Chief Minister. The Lieutenant Governor may also convene special sessions of the legislative assembly.
Membership by party
editThe membership of the 13th Jammu and Kashmir Assembly by party is as follows:
| Party | MLAs | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|
| JKNC | 41[24] | Omar Abdullah | |
| BJP | 28 | Sunil Kumar Sharma | |
| INC | 6 | Ghulam Ahmad Mir | |
| JKPDP | 3 | Waheed Para | |
| JKPC | 1 | Sajjad Gani Lone | |
| CPI(M) | 1 | Mohammed Yousuf Tarigami | |
| AAP | 1 | Mehraj Malik | |
| Independent | 7 | ||
| Nominated | 5 | ||
| Vacant | 2 | ||
| Total | 95 | ||
Members
editOffice bearers
editSource:[25]
| Office | Holder | Since |
|---|---|---|
| Speaker | Abdul Rahim Rather | 4 November 2024 |
| Leader of the House (Chief Minister) |
Omar Abdullah[26] | 16 October 2024 |
| Deputy Leader of the House (Deputy Chief Minister) |
Surinder Kumar Choudhary | 16 October 2024 |
| Leader of the Opposition | Sunil Kumar Sharma | 3 November 2024 |
| Secretary | Manoj Kumar Pandit[27] | 31 October 2022 |
Members of Legislative Assembly (MLA)
editThe membership of the assembly is as follows:[28]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Peoples' mandate will be fulfilled soon: Tarigami after President's rule over J&K ended". Greater Kashmir. 14 October 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
- ^ "J&K assembly elections: AAP extends support to JKNC". The Times of India. 11 October 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ Singh, Rimjhim (11 October 2024). "J&K polls: Four Independent MLAs help NC cross majority mark". Business Standard. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ Agencies (11 October 2024). "NC-Cong alliance stakes claim to form govt in J&K: Omar". thefederal.com. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ "Amid contrasting claims, J&K Governor dissolves Assembly". The Hindu. 21 November 2018. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ "Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly". National Informatics Centre. Retrieved 29 August 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Rai, Mridu (2004), Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir, C. Hurst & Co, p. 274, ISBN 1850656614
- ^ Copland, Ian (1981), "Islam and Political Mobilization in Kashmir, 1931-34", Pacific Affairs, 54 (2): 228–259, doi:10.2307/2757363, JSTOR 2757363
- ^ Choudhary, Dipti (19 January 2024), "The Constitutional Development in the State of Jammu and Kashmir" (PDF), State autonomy under indian constitution a study with reference to the state of jammu and kashmir, Kurukhsetra University/Shodhganga, pp. 60, 69, hdl:10603/32675
- ^ a b c d e "Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir" (PDF).
- ^ Malhotra, G. C. (2004). Cabinet Responsibility to Legislature: Motions of Confidence and No-confidence in Lok Sabha and State Legislatures. New Delhi: Lok Sabha Secretariat. pp. 430–431. ISBN 978-8-1200-0400-9.
- ^ "President declares abrogation of provisions of Article 370". The Hindu. PTI. 7 August 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
- ^ a b "President Kovind gives assent to J&K Reorganisation Bill, two new UTs to come into effect from Oct 31". The Indian Express. 9 August 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
- ^ "J&K administration orders abolition of legislative council, asks its staff to report to GAD". Financial express. PTI. 17 October 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- ^ "Abolition of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council in terms of Section 57 of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019" (pdf). jkgad.nic.in. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- ^ a b "Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland - Notification dated 06.03.2020 - Delimitation - Election Commission of India". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- ^ "Many seats redrawn in J&K delimitation draft". The Hindu. 5 February 2022. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
- ^ a b "The Jammu and Kashmir Delimitation report". The Hindu. 9 May 2022. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
- ^ "Orders of J&K Delimitation Commission take effect". Hindustan Times. 21 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ "Parliament passes J-K Reservation, J-K Reorganisation (Amendment) Bills". The Economic Times. 12 December 2023. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ "Rajya Sabha passes J&K Bills on reservation, Assembly representation". Moneycontrol. 11 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ "What is the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019?". Jagranjosh.com. 14 March 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ "Parliament passes J-K reservation and reorganisation amendment bills: Know all about them". www.indiatvnews.com. 11 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ "Omar Thanks NC MLAs for Electing Him Leader of Legislature Party". 10 October 2024.
- ^ "Home | Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly". jkla.neva.gov.in. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
- ^ https://www.oneindia.com/india/nc-legislators-thumbs-up-omar-abdullah-for-j-k-chief-minister-011-3958009.html
- ^ https://jkla.neva.gov.in/Member/SecDetails/3
- ^ https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/statewiseU081.htm
- ^ "Omar Abdullah Steps Down From Budgam Seat, Retains Ganderbal In Assembly". NDTV. 21 October 2024. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
- ^ a b c "Omar Abdullah's NC touches majority mark without Congress after 4 J-K independent MLAs extend support". India TV. 10 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ "J&K BJP MLA Devender Singh Rana passes away". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
- ^ Agencies (11 October 2024). "NC-Cong alliance stakes claim to form govt in J&K: Omar". thefederal.com. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
External links
edit- Jammu and Kashmir Assembly elections 2014, mapsofindia.com