Jan Hřímalý (Russian: Иван Войцехович Гржимали, also Ivan Voitsekhovich Grzhimali; 13 April 1844 – 24 January [O.S. 11 January] 1915[1][2][3]) was an influential Czech violinist and teacher, who was associated with the Moscow Conservatory for 46 years in 1869–1915.
He was born in Pilsen, Bohemia (then part of the Austrian Empire), the second son of the organist and composer Vojtěch Hřímalý (1809–1880),[1] and a member of a notable Czech musical family.[4] He was taught by his older brother Vojtěch Hřímalý jr., and by Moritz Mildner. Hřímalý studied violin at the Prague Conservatory (1855–1861), and went on to become leader of the Amsterdam Orchestra (1862–1868).[1] In 1869 he was appointed violin teacher at the Moscow Conservatory. He succeeded Ferdinand Laub as professor of violin studies 1874–1915.[5] He was leader of the Russian Musical Society Orchestra in Moscow from 1874 until 1906.[1]
He was acquainted with Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, who held him in high regard. He co-premiered Tchaikovsky's String Quartets Nos. 2 (1874) and 3 (1876). In March 1882, he appeared in the first performance (private) of Tchaikovsky's Piano Trio in A minor and may have also appeared in the public premiere in October, although this is not certain.
He made a very early recording on wax cylinders of the Piano Trio No. 1 in D minor by Anton Arensky, with the composer at the piano and the cellist Anatoliy Brandukov. This recording was made shortly after its composition and is almost certainly its first recording, although it is not complete.[6][7]
He was considered an outstanding teacher.[8] His students included Iosif Kotek, Reinhold Glière,[4] who dedicated his Octet for Strings, Op. 5, to his teacher;[9] Paul Juon;[10] Vladimir Bakaleinikov; Arcady Dubensky;[11] Stanisław Barcewicz, Pyotr Stolyarsky (the teacher of David Oistrakh, Nathan Milstein, and many others);[12] Nikolai Roslavets;[13] Konstantin Saradzhev;[14] Alexander Petschnikoff,[15] Mikhail Press, Alexander Schmuller;[16] and possibly Mitrofan Vasiliev, the first violin teacher of Jean Sibelius.[17] See: List of music students by teacher: G to J#Jan Hřímalý.
He published a number of technical exercises and studies, some of which were valued by Jascha Heifetz,[18] and he died in Moscow in 1915.
All his siblings were musically talented. Together with his brothers, Vojtěch (1842–1908), Jan Bartulomeus Čestmír (1844–1915), and Bohuslav Ferdinand Wenzl (1848–1894), they started the first string quartet in Bohemia. His sisters, Maria Regina (1839–1924) and Anna Jana (1840–1897) were renowned singers in Salzburg, Austria.[19]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "Tchaikovsky Research". Tchaikovsky Research. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Index des Trios". Altenbergtrio.at. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ The death date of 1 March 1915 also appears in the literature, e.g. Grove's Dictionary, 5th ed., 1954
- ^ a b Greene, David Mason; Green, Constance (25 September 2007). David Mason Greene, Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers. ISBN 9780385142786.
- ^ "Violinist composers". Users.globalnet.co.uk. 6 February 2000. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ Daniel J. Wakin (2 November 2008). "New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ "The Dawn of Recording". Marstonrecords.com. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 5th ed., 1954
- ^ "Edition Silvertrust". Edition Silvertrust. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ "Swiss Violin Concertos". Swissinfo.ch. 19 June 2003. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ The New York Public Library (27 December 2011). "The New York Public Library". Nypl.org. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ Tarr, Edward H. (2003). Edward H. Tarr, East Meets West. ISBN 9781576470282.
- ^ "Описание CD". Mymusicbase.ru. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ "(True) Synesthete Composers and Musicians". Home.comcast.net. Archived from the original on 15 February 2004. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ Lahee, Henry Charles (1906). Famous Violinists of To-day and Yesterday. L.C. Page. p. 296.
- ^ "Famous Musicians of a Wandering Race". Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ Jean Sibelius. "The Wegelius Institute". Johnkinsella.net. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ "Chicago School of Violin Making". Maestronet.com. 12 October 2008. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ Genealogy by Åke Backström, Sydney, www.genealogia.fi
External links
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