Janet Mary Young, Baroness Young, PC, DL (née Baker, 23 October 1926 – 6 September 2002) was a British Conservative Party politician. She served as the first ever female Leader of the House of Lords from 1981 to 1983, first as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and from 1982 as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal. She was the only woman ever appointed to the Cabinet by Margaret Thatcher.
Early life
editBorn Janet Mary Baker in Widnes in 1926, she was the daughter of J. N. L. Baker, a geographer at Oxford University, and Phyllis (née Hancock) Baker.[1] She went to the mainly boys Dragon School in Oxford where she played rugby and cricket, and then to Headington School.[1] During World War II she studied at Yale University, and then took an MA in philosophy, politics and economics at St Anne's College, Oxford.[1] In 1950, she married the academic chemist Geoffrey Tyndale Young (1915–2014), and had three daughters.[1][2]
Political career
editYoung became a councillor for Oxford City Council in 1957 and was leader by 1967.[1] Not long after, she was raised to the peerage on the advice of Edward Heath. Her life peerage was announced on 5 April 1971[3] and was raised to the peerage on 24 May 1971 as Baroness Young, of Farnworth in the County Palatine of Lancaster.[4][5] She became a government whip shortly after appointment and was subsequently promoted to minister of state in the Department for Education.[6] She joined the Cabinet on 15 September 1981, when she was appointed to be the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.[7] On 13 April 1982, she was appointed to be the Leader of the House of Lords and the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal,[8] posts which she kept for only 14 months, until 11 June 1983.[9] Thatcher thought that Young "was perhaps too consistent an advocate of caution on all occasions" and was not an effective leader in the Lords.[6] However, Young's colleagues disagreed, describing her as "bloody tough" and a "competent minister".[6]
She sat on the boards of large corporations such as NatWest and Marks & Spencer. In later life she was known for her staunch opposition to gay rights; as an obituary put it: "The wellspring of her moral activism was her belief in Christian marriage and family life, her concern for children's welfare and her belief that as a Conservative she should stand up against what she saw as the slide towards an entirely secular society."[10] She worked to try to stop legislation going through that would allow unmarried couples (including gay men and women) to adopt children,[10] led campaigns in the House of Lords to prevent equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual men with that of heterosexuals,[11] and also fought the repeal of Section 28.[10] She was ultimately defeated on all counts. Although she managed to delay the repeal of Section 28 in England and Wales in 2000, after her death Section 28 was finally removed from the statute book in 2003.[1]
Death
editYoung died from cancer at her home in Oxford on 6 September 2002, at the age of 75.[1][12]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Jackson, Caroline (2006). "Young [née Baker], Janet Mary, Baroness Young (1926–2002), politician". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/77303. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "Baroness Young of Farnworth: Obituary". BBC News Online. 6 September 2002. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
- ^ "No. 45336". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 April 1971. p. 3333.
- ^ "No. 45377". The London Gazette. 25 May 1971. p. 5449.
- ^ "No. 18993". The Edinburgh Gazette. 25 May 1971. p. 387.
- ^ a b c Reeves, Rachel (7 March 2019). Women of Westminster: the MPs who changed politics. London. ISBN 978-1-78831-677-4. OCLC 1084655208.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "No. 48741". The London Gazette. 18 September 1981. p. 11857.
- ^ "No. 48952". The London Gazette. 16 April 1982. p. 5169.
- ^ "No. 49398". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 June 1983. p. 8479.
- ^ a b c Langdon, Julia (6 September 2002). "Lady Young of Farnworth". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ "Profile: Baroness Young". BBC News Online. 29 November 2000. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ^ Russell, Ben (7 September 2002). "Baroness Young, enemy of gay rights, dies at 75". The Independent. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.