The Third Area Army (第3方面軍, Dai san hōmen gun) was a field army of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, based in southern Manchukuo and active in combat against the Soviet Union in the very final stages of the war.[2]
| Third Area Army | |
|---|---|
| Active | October 29, 1943 - August 15, 1945 |
| Country | Empire of Japan |
| Branch | Imperial Japanese Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Role | Field Army |
| Garrison/HQ | Mukden |
| Nickname(s) | 強 (Kyō = “mighty”) |
| Engagements | Soviet invasion of Manchuria |
History
editThe Japanese 3rd Area Army was formed on October 29, 1943 under the control of the Kwantung Army as a military reserve and garrison force to maintain security and public order in southern Manchukuo as many veteran divisions of the Kwantung Army were transferred to the various southern fronts in the Pacific War. It consisted mostly of minimally-trained reservists, conscripted students and home guard militia, without adequate weapons or supplies.[3] The 3rd Area Army was headquartered in Mukden.
The units of the 3rd Area Army proved to be no match for the Red Army when the Soviet Union invaded Manchukuo towards the end of World War II. General Jun Ushiroku refused orders from Kwantung Army Headquarters to retreat, and launched a counterattack along the Mukden–Port Arthur railway, along which many Japanese civilians were fleeing. However, General Uchiroku was hampered by lack of armor and by insufficient ammunition, and by August 13, 1945, his formations were largely shattered. A mutiny by the Manchukuo Imperial Army at Shinkyō ended his attempts to regroup.[4] Many surviving soldiers of the 3rd Area Army, including General Ushiroku, became prisoners in Siberia and other parts of the Soviet Union after the surrender of Japan on August 15, 1945.
List of Commanders
editCommanding officer
edit| Name | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | General Naozaburo Okabe | 29 October 1943 | 25 August 1944 |
| 2 | General Jun Ushiroku | 25 August 1944 | 15 August 1945 |
Chief of Staff
edit| Name | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Major General Yo Watanabe | 29 October 1943 | 26 October 1944 |
| 2 | Major General Masao Yano | 26 October 1944 | 23 March 1945 |
| 3 | Major General Kazama Otsubo | 23 March 1945 | 15 August 1945 |
Notes
edit- ^ Record of Operations Against Soviet Russia Northern and Western Fronts (August-September 1945), p. 270
- ^ Jowett, The Japanese Army 1931-45
- ^ Frank, Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire
- ^ Glantz, The Soviet Strategic Offensive in Manchuria, 1945
References
edit- Frank, Richard B (1999). Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-41424-X.
- Glantz, David (2003). The Soviet Strategic Offensive in Manchuria, 1945 (Cass Series on Soviet (Russian) Military Experience, 7). Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-5279-2.
- Jowett, Bernard (1999). The Japanese Army 1931-45 (Volume 2, 1942-45). Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-354-3.
- Madej, Victor (1981). Japanese Armed Forces Order of Battle, 1937-1945. Game Publishing Company. ASIN: B000L4CYWW.
- Marston, Daniel (2005). The Pacific War Companion: From Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-882-0.
- Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi. Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan. Belknap Press. ISBN 0-674-01693-9.
External links
edit- Wendel, Marcus. "Axis History Factbook". Japanese Third Area Army.