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Japanese in the United Kingdom

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Japanese in the United Kingdom include British citizens of Japanese ancestry (Japanese: 日系イギリス人, Hepburn: Nikkei Igirisujin) or permanent residents of Japanese birth or citizenship, as well as expatriate business professionals and their dependents on limited-term employment visas, students, trainees and young people participating in the UK government-sponsored Youth Mobility Scheme.

  • Japanese in the UK
The Brighton Japan Festival in 2011
Total population
  • Ethnic Japanese
  • 29,510 (England and Wales only, 2021)[1]
  • UK residents born in Japan
  • 43,000 (2015 ONS estimate)
  • Japanese nationals residing in the UK
  • 67,258 (2014 MOFA estimate)[2]
Regions with significant populations
Greater London and South East England
Languages
Japanese and British English
Religion
Mahayana Buddhism, Shinto, Protestantism, Confucianism, Roman Catholicism, Taoism, Orthodox, Islam, Judaism, Anglicanism

Background

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An advertisement for the 1910 Japan-British Exhibition which aimed to create greater awareness of the Japanese community in the UK as well as Japanese culture in general

History and settlement

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Settlement first began in the late 19th century with the arrival of Japanese professionals, students and their servants. 264 citizens of Japan resided in Britain in 1884, the majority of whom identifying as officials and students.[3] Employment diversified in the early 1900s with the growth of the Japanese community, which exceeded five hundred people by the close of the first decade of the 20th century.[3]

As tensions escalated between Japan and the United Kingdom in the buildup to World War II, some Japanese left their home country to settle in Britain while many more returned to Japan. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and assault on Hong Kong in December 1941, 114 Japanese men including expatriate businessmen and merchant seamen were detained as enemy aliens on the Isle of Man.[4]

In the post-war era, new waves of immigration emerged in the 1960s, mainly for business and economic purposes. In recent decades this number has grown; including immigrants, students, and businessmen. In 2014 the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimated that there were 67,258 Japanese nationals resident in the United Kingdom[2] For British nationals of Japanese heritage, unlike other Nikkei communities elsewhere in the world, these Britons do not conventionally parse their communities in generational terms as Issei, Nisei, or Sansei.[5]

Students

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The first Japanese students in the United Kingdom arrived in the nineteenth century, sent to study at University College London by the Chōshū and Satsuma domains, then the Bakufu (Shogunate). Later many studied at Cambridge University and a smaller number at Oxford University until the end of the Meiji era. The reason for sending them was to catch up with the West by modernizing Japan. Since the 1980s, Japanese students in the United Kingdom have become common thanks to cheaper air travel.

Demographics

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Utagawa Yoshitora's painting of London shows his imagined vision of what the city looked like during the 19th century.
 
The Nipponzan-Myōhōji temple in Milton Keynes

Parts of the United Kingdom, in particular London, have significant Japanese populations, such as Golders Green and East Finchley in North London. Derbyshire has a significant Japanese population due to its Toyota plant, and is twinned with Toyota, Aichi.[6] Similarly Telford is home to numerous Japanese firms.[7]

According to the 2001 UK Census, 37,535 Japanese born people were residing in the UK,[8] whilst the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimates that 50,864 Japanese nationals were calling the UK home in 2002.[9] In the 2011 Census, 35,313 people in England specified their country of birth as Japan, 601 in Wales,[10] 1,273 in Scotland[11] and 144 in Northern Ireland.[12] 35,043 people living in England and Wales chose to write in Japanese in response to the ethnicity question,[13] 1,245 in Scotland,[14] and 90 in Northern Ireland.[15] The Office for National Statistics estimates that, in 2015, 43,000 people born in Japan were resident in the UK.[16]

Japanese is the primary language of Japan, and the 2011 Census found that 27,764 people in England and Wales spoke Japanese as their main language, 27,305 of them in England alone, and 17,050 in London alone.[17] The 2011 Census also found that 83 people in Northern Ireland spoke Japanese as their main language.[18]

Organisations

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The Japan Society and Japan Foundation support cultural programmes about Japanese culture.[19]

Notable individuals

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Below is a list of notable British people of Japanese heritage. Temporary individuals and expatriates are not included and can be found at Category:Japanese expatriates in the United Kingdom.

British citizens born in the UK of Japanese ancestry

British citizens born overseas of Japanese ancestry (as well as Japanese citizens) in the UK

Other

Education

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Primary and secondary schools

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Japanese School in London

Many state and independent schools in the United Kingdom serve Japanese children. As of 2013, about 10-20% of Japanese school-age residents in the United Kingdom attend full-time Japanese curriculum-based international schools.[21] These schools include the Japanese School in London, and the boarding schools Rikkyo School in England and Teikyo School United Kingdom.[22]

The Shi-Tennoji School in Suffolk was in operation from 1985 to its date of closing,[23] 17 July 2000.[24] The Gyosei International School UK in Milton Keynes closed in 2002, after 15 years of operation.[25]

Post-secondary education

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class=notpageimage|
Locations of day schools (nihonjin gakko and shiritsu zaigai kyoiku shisetsu) in England (grey dots represent closed schools)

The Teikyo school maintains Teikyo University of Japan in Durham at the Lafcadio Hearn Cultural Centre at the University of Durham.[22]

A boarding college in Winchester, Hampshire, the Winchester Shoei College at the University of Winchester (formerly Shoei Centre at King Alfred's College), is an affiliate of the Shoei Gakuin. It opened in 1982.[26][27]

Gyosei International College in the U.K. opened in 1989 in Reading, Berkshire on land formerly controlled by the University of Reading and its name later changed to the Witan International College. In 2004 the University of Reading announced that it took control of the Witan college.[28]

Supplementary education

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Derby
 
Canterbury
 
Cardiff
 
Edinburgh
 
Leeds
 
Manchester
 
Newcastle
 
Telford
class=notpageimage|
Locations of supplementary schools (hoshū jugyō kō) in the United Kingdom (red dots represent schools with MEXT funding with Wikipedia articles, blue dots represent those schools without Wikipedia articles, and green dots represent schools without MEXT funding (all without Wikipedia articles)

The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) has eight Saturday Japanese supplementary schools in operation. As of 2013, 2,392 Japanese children in Canterbury, Cardiff, Derby, Edinburgh (school is in Livingston), Leeds, London, Manchester (school is in Lymm), Sunderland (school is in Oxclose), and Telford attend these schools.[22][29]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "TS:002 Ethnic group (detailed)". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Japan-United Kingdom Foreign Relations". Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 9 March 2017. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  3. ^ a b Itoh 2001, p. 1
  4. ^ Itoh 2001, p. 185
  5. ^ Itoh 2001, p. 7
  6. ^ Derby City Council https://www.derby.gov.uk/news/2019/july/japan-friendship-blossoms-with-100-cherry-trees-for-derby-derbyshire/
  7. ^ BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-44685914
  8. ^ "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
  9. ^ "Japan-UK relations". Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. October 2008. Archived from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
  10. ^ "2011 Census: Country of birth (expanded), regions in England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
  11. ^ "Country of birth (detailed)" (PDF). National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
  12. ^ "Country of Birth – Full Detail: QS206NI". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
  13. ^ "2011 Census: Ethnic Group" (PDF). Bristol City Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  14. ^ "Scotland's Census 2011 - National Records of Scotland - Ethnic group (detailed)" (PDF). Scottish Government. 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  15. ^ "Ethnic Group - Full Detail_QS201NI". Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service. 2011. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  16. ^ "Table 1.3: Overseas-born population in the United Kingdom, excluding some residents in communal establishments, by sex, by country of birth, January 2015 to December 2015". Office for National Statistics. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2016. Figure given is the central estimate. See the source for 95% confidence intervals.
  17. ^ "2011 Census: Main language (detailed)". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  18. ^ "Main Language - Full Detail_QS210NI". Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service. 2011. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  19. ^ Langdale, Georgina (July 2001). "MATSURI IN THE U.K." Look Japan. Archived from the original on 2 August 2001. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  20. ^ "Andrew Koji". IMDb.
  21. ^ Conte-Helm, Marie (1996). The Japanese and Europe: Economic and Cultural Encounters (17 December 2013 ed.). Bloomsbury Academic Collections); A&C Black. ISBN 9781780939803. (ISBN 1780939809), p. 74. "Some 10-20 per cent of Japanese children of school age in the UK attend[...]" (the figure is specific to the 2013 edition)
  22. ^ a b c Conte-Helm 1996, p. 74
  23. ^ McNeill, Phil (22 July 2007). "Shrine of the times". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
  24. ^ "Establishment: Shi-Tennoji School". Department for Education. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014. Shi-Tennoji School Herringswell Bury St Edmund's Suffolk IP28 6SW
  25. ^ "Sayonara!". Milton Keynes Citizen. 17 January 2002. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
  26. ^ Pearse, Bowen; McCooey, Chris (30 September 1991). Companion to Japanese Britain and Ireland. In Print Publishing. ISBN 9781873047101. WINCHESTER (90) Shoei Centre (at King Alfred's College), Winchester, Hampshire In 1982, four years short of its centenary, Tokyo's Shoei Christian College for Girls opened a boarding college in Winchester. The new Japanese centre[...]
  27. ^ Directory of Japanese-Affiliated Companies in the E. C., 1991-1992. Taylor & Francis. 1 January 1992. p. 205. ISBN 9784822405502. Archived from the original on 16 May 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015. Winchester Shoei College (Shoei Joshigakuin - Tokyo) 9, Chilbolton Court, Sarum Road, Winchester, Hants, S022 5HF
  28. ^ "The University of Reading and Witan International College". University of Reading. 6 August 2004. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  29. ^ ""Ōshū no hoshū jugyō-kō ichiran (Heisei 25-nen 4 tsuki 15 nichigenzai)" 欧州の補習授業校一覧（平成25年4月15日現在 [List of European schools (as of April 15, 2013)]. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  30. ^ ダービー日本人補習校 [Derby Japanese School]. Derby Japanese School. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2015. c/o Derby College Broomfield Hall, Morley Ilkeston, Derby DE7 6DN UK
  31. ^ "Wales Japan Club/ウェールズ日本人会". Archived from the original on 2006-02-03. Retrieved 2018-01-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  32. ^ "Contact". Kent Japanese School. Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018. Classes are held from 10:00 to 12:30 every Saturday in Canterbury.
  33. ^ "Home". Kent Japanese School. Archived from the original on 14 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  34. ^ ""Contact Us". Manchester Japanese School. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015. Oughtrington Lane, Lymm, Cheshire, WA13 0RB, UK (Language Centre at Lymm High School).
  35. ^ "Shozaichi" 所在地 [Location]. North East of England Japanese Saturday School. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015. C/O Oxclose Community School, Dilston, Close, Oxclose, Washington, Tyne and Wear, NE38 0LN
  36. ^ "Google Sites" 概要. The Scotland Japanese School (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015. 1982年5月　三菱電機、日本電気、ダイワスポーツが中心となり、SDA(現在のSDI、スコットランド国際開発庁)の協力を得て、エジンバラ市のGraigmount High Schoolの教室を借り、生徒数11名、教師3名の複合3クラスでスタートし、その後2003年4月 に上記の所在地に移転、現在に至っています。
  37. ^ "Home". Telford Japanese School. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015. c/o Lakeside Academy, Stirchley, Telford, Shropshire TF3 1FA
  38. ^ "How to Find Us". Yorkshire and Humberside Japanese School. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.

References

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