Zasagt Khan (Mongolian: Засагт хаан; Chinese: 扎薩克圖汗), born Tümen (Mongolian: Түмэн; Chinese: 圖們), (1539–1592) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1558[1] to 1592. He was the successor of Darayisung Gödeng Khan and had direct rule over the Chahar. It was during his rule that the Mongols conquered the Daur and Evenk tribes.
| Zasagt Khan 扎薩克圖汗 ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khagan of the Mongols | |||||
| Khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty | |||||
| Reign | 1558–1592 | ||||
| Predecessor | Darayisung Gödeng Khan | ||||
| Successor | Buyan Sechen Khan | ||||
| Born | 1539 Outer Mongolia | ||||
| Died | 1592 (aged 52–53) Outer Mongolia | ||||
| |||||
| House | Borjigin | ||||
| Dynasty | Northern Yuan | ||||
| Father | Darayisung Gödeng Khan | ||||
| Religion | Tibetan Buddhism | ||||
Tümen, who was born in 1539, was the first of three sons of Darayisung Gödeng Khan. By being recognized as Khagan, Altan validated his authority.[2] However, coordinating Altan Khan's actions, Tümen won over Uriyangkhai and Daur Mongols.[3] His relatives, Abtai Khan and Khutughtai Sechen Khung Taiji, brought a large portion of the Four Oirats back into the Mongol fold. In addition to his successful invasions of the Ming dynasty, Tümen conquered Koko Nur and appointed his son ruler there.
Tümen and other Mongol princes decided to adopt Tibetan Buddhism. In 1576, Tümen was converted by Ilduni Sanggiduktshi Garma Lama into Buddhism. He assembled the Six Tumens, and codified laws.[4] He made reforms on state laws and exempted the Mongol nobles from some taxes. He compiled a new code that was supposed to be based on Yekhe Zasag of Genghis Khan. Thenceforwards he was called Jasagtu, who made peace with the Right Wing Tumens and gave their leaders official titles. He compelled the three Jurchen tribes such as Jurjis in Manchuria and Yekhe Tungusians, to pay tribute.[5]
Zasaghtu Khan died in 1592.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Our great Qing: the Mongols, Buddhism and the state in late imperial China By Johan Elverskog, p. 68.
- ^ Our great Qing: the Mongols, Buddhism and the state in late imperial China By Johan Elverskog, p. 22.
- ^ History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast By Ahmad Hasan Dani, Chahryar Adle, Irfan Habib, Karl M. Baipakov, p. 213.
- ^ H.H.Howorth, History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century: Part 1, p. 378.
- ^ Saghan Secen, § 208
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