Java was a merchant ship launched at Calcutta, British East India, in 1811. She made one voyage under charter to the British East India Company (EIC). She served in the migrant trade between Great Britain and Australia and in Far East trade. She became a coal hulk at Gibraltar circa 1859. She survived until World War II.
 The stern of Java in Genoa, 1939
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | Java |
| Namesake | Java |
| Builder | Blackmore & Co., Calcutta[1][2] |
| Launched | 17 December 1811[2] |
| Fate | Destroyed 1940 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 1118,[1] or 1175,[3][4] or 117519⁄94[2] (bm) |
| Length | 159 ft 2 in (48.5 m)[2] |
| Beam | 40 ft 6 in (12.3 m)[2] |
| Propulsion | Sail |
| Sail plan | Brig |
| Complement | 150[3] |
| Armament | 26 × 12&18-pounder guns[3] |
Origins
editSupposedly Java was a gift to an officer of the EIC. A group of passengers on an EIC ship traveling to China went ashore at Java for a picnic. Locals attacked the picnickers and carried away a young girl. One of the ship's officers led an armed party that succeeded in rescuing the young girl. In gratitude, the girl's father had Java built, and donated to her rescuer.[5] Java bore a figurehead depicting a young girl with her hands crossed over her breast.[6]
Career
editJava first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1813 with Dennison, master, Paxton & Co. owner, and trade London–India.[7] she was admitted to the registry of Great Britain on 7 October 1813.[8] Captain Henry Templer acquired a letter of marque on 30 November 1813.[3]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1815 | Dennison | Paxton & Co. | London–India | LR |
| 1820 | Hodge | Paxton & Co. | London–India | LR; damages repaired 1816 |
| 1825 | Hodge | Paxton & Co. | London–India | LR; damages repaired 1816 |
Between 1824 and 1827 Java made one voyage under charter to the EIC. Her owner, Joseph Hare, who had purchased her in 1825,[2] offered her to the EIC, which chartered her to bring teas from China back from Bengal. It paid £10 18s per ton burthen for 1175 tons.[9] Captain Thomas Driver sailed from the Downs on 26 July 1825. Java was at Saugor on 3 January 1826. She returned to her moorings in England on 13 March 1827.[4][full citation needed]
In 1828 Hare sold her to Fairlie & Co., Calcutta and London. In 1836 Scott & Co., London, purchased her.[2]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1830 | Driver | Hare & Co. | London–India | LR; damages repaired 1816 |
| 1835 | T. Driver | |||
| 1840 | T. Driver | Scott & Co. | London | LR |
The South Australian Government chartered Java to transport migrants. Java, Captain Alexander Duthie, then sailed to South Australia. Java sailed from London and Plymouth, England, in October 1839 and arrived in Gulf St Vincent off Adelaide, South Australia, on 6 February 1840. From various reports, between 30 and 50 passengers, including 24-28 children, died of disease, malnutrition, and starvation during the journey.[10][11] The journey was the subject of a Medical Board review on behalf of the South Australian Commissioners that found that Duffie and the medical officer had treated the passengers badly, and ordered that Scott & Co. not be paid.[12]
In 1841 Java was sold to Joseph Somes, London. He chartered her to the British government as a troop carrier visiting North America, the West Indies, South Africa and New Zealand.[5]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1845 | J.Locke W.Parker |
J.Somes J&F Somes |
London transport London–S____ London–West Indies |
LR; small repairs 1841 & damages repaired 1845 |
| 1850 | Gilbert | J&F Somes | London–East Indies | LR; damages repaired 1848, damages and small repairs 1850 |
| 1855 | Robertson | Somes, B[rother]s | LR | |
| 1860 | J.Smith | J.Hall, Jr. | LR |
In 1857 she was sold to J. Hall, Jr., London and sent to Gibraltar from Liverpool, with a cargo of coal. She arrived at Gibraltar on 20 February 1857 in a leaky condition, having struck the nearby Pearl Rock, off Punta Carnero, Spain, in the Strait of Gibraltar.[13]
Circa 1859 she was sold to Gibraltar shipping agent W. H. Smith of Smith, Immosi, & Company to serve there as coal hulk No. 16.[5][6][14]
Fate
editIn 1939, Smith sold her for £500 to the Genoese ship breaker, Giuseppe Riccardi of Sampierdarena, Italy. He had her towed to Genoa on 26 July 1939 for breaking up.[6] On 20 September 1940, Italian frogmen destroyed her with limpet mines in a training exercise. She was the only vessel ever employed by the EIC to have survived until World War II.[2]
Citations
edit- ^ a b Phipps (1840), p. 103.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Hackman (2001), p. 134.
- ^ a b c d "Letter of Marque, p.70 - accessed 25 July 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
- ^ a b British Library:Java.
- ^ a b c Peters (2013).
- ^ a b c "The Last Indiaman: Java of Gibraltar to be Broken Up". Times. No. 48367. London. 26 July 1939. p. 13. Retrieved 31 May 2024 – via Gale.
- ^ LR (1813), Supple. pages "J", Seq.№J118.
- ^ House of Commons (1814), p. 87.
- ^ Hardy (1835), p. 92.
- ^ "King George's Sound". South Australian Register (Adelaide, SA: 1839–1900). 22 February 1840. p. 4. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
- ^ "The Java". South Australian Record and Australasian and South African Chronicle ((SA: 1840–1841)). 3 October 1840. p. 10. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
- ^ "Bound for South Australia - Java 1840 by Diane Cummings". www.slsa.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
- ^ "Last of the Indiamen". Evening Telegraph. No. 19552. Dundee. 26 July 1939. p. 3. Retrieved 31 May 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ Chipulina, Neville. "1811 - The Java - A Triumph of Skill". The People of Gibraltar. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
References
edit- Barnett, Stephen (1990). Java - The Melancholy True Story of the East Indiaman JAVA. TenbratPress.org.
- Hackman, Rowan (2001). Ships of the East India Company. Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-96-7.
- Hardy, Horatio Charles (1835). Supplement to a Register of Ships Employed in the Service of the ... East India Company from 1760 to the Conclusion of the Commercial Charter, Etc.
- House of Commons, Parliament, Great Britain (1814). Minutes of the Evidence Taken Before the Select Committee on Petitions Relating to East-India-Built Shipping. H.M. Stationery Office.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Peters, Andy (2013). Ship Decoration: 1630-1780. Seaforth. ISBN 9781848323322.
- Phipps, John (1840). A Collection of Papers Relative to Ship Building in India ...: Also a Register Comprehending All the Ships ... Built in India to the Present Time ... Scott.