Wikipedia

Killing of Philando Castile

(Redirected from Jeronimo Yanez)

On July 6, 2016, Philando Castile,[a] a 32-year-old African American man, was fatally shot during a traffic stop by police officer Jeronimo Yanez of the St. Anthony police department in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area.

Killing of Philando Castile
Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension investigators process the scene
DateJuly 6, 2016; 8 years ago (2016-07-06)
LocationLarpenteur Avenue and Fry Street, Falcon Heights, Minnesota, U.S.
Coordinates44°59′30″N 93°10′17″W / 44.99167°N 93.17139°W / 44.99167; -93.17139
TypeHomicide by shooting
Filmed byDiamond Reynolds
OutcomeYanez fired in 2017
DeathsPhilando Castile
ArrestsJeronimo Yanez
ChargesSecond-degree manslaughter
Two counts of dangerous discharge of a firearm
VerdictNot guilty
LitigationWrongful death lawsuit by Castile family settled for $2.995 million[1]
Lawsuit by Castile's girlfriend settled for $800,000[2]

About 9 p.m., Castile was driving with his girlfriend, Diamond Reynolds, and her four-year-old daughter, when he was pulled over by Yanez and another officer in Falcon Heights, a suburb of Saint Paul, Minnesota.[3][4] Castile, who was licensed to carry a firearm, told Yanez that he had a firearm. Yanez replied, "Don't reach for it then". Castile responded, "I'm, I, I was reaching for...", to which Yanez replied, "Don't pull it out". Castile replied, "I'm not pulling it out", and Reynolds said, "He's not..." Yanez again said, "Don't pull it out".[5] The police officer then fired seven close-range shots at Castile, hitting him five times.[6] Castile died of his wounds at 9:37 p.m. at Hennepin County Medical Center, about 20 minutes after being shot.[7]

Immediately after the shooting, Reynolds posted a live stream video on Facebook from the car. The incident quickly drew international interest.[8][9] Local and national protests formed, and five months after the incident, Yanez was charged with second-degree manslaughter and two counts of dangerous discharge of a firearm.[10] After five days of deliberation, he was acquitted of all charges in a jury trial on June 16, 2017.[11][12] After the verdict, Yanez was immediately fired by the City of Saint Anthony.[13] Wrongful death lawsuits against the City brought by Reynolds and Castile's family were settled for a total of $3.8 million.

Persons involved

edit

Philando Castile

edit

Philando Divall Castile (July 16, 1983 – July 6, 2016)[14][15] was born in St. Louis, Missouri,[16] lived in Robbinsdale, Minnesota with his family, and graduated from Saint Paul Central High School in 2001. He had worked for the Saint Paul Public School District since 2002. Castile began as a nutrition services assistant at Chelsea Heights Elementary School and Arlington High School (now Washington Technology Magnet School). He was promoted to nutrition services supervisor at J. J. Hill Montessori Magnet School in August 2014.[9][14]

Before the shooting, Castile had been stopped by the police at least 49 times in 13 years for minor traffic and equipment violations, most of which were dismissed.[17][18][19][b]

Jeronimo Yanez

edit

Jeronimo Yanez was the officer who shot and killed Castile. The other officer involved in the traffic stop was Joseph Kauser,[21] who was described as Yanez's partner.[22] Both officers had been with the St. Anthony Police Department for four years at the time of the shooting,[22] and were longtime friends who had graduated together from the Minnesota State University, Mankato, police academy in 2010.[23]

Yanez, of South St. Paul and of Hispanic descent, was 28 years old at the time of the shooting.[23][24]

The St. Anthony Police Department had 23 officers at the time. Eight officers were funded through policing contracts with the cities of Lauderdale and Falcon Heights.[22] In a press briefing at the scene, St. Anthony's interim police chief Jon Mangseth said that the shooting was the first officer-involved shooting that the department had experienced in at least thirty years.[3][9]

Incident

edit
 
Shoes and a gun on the ground outside Philando Castile's car as Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA) investigators take photographs of the scene
External videos
  Diamond Reynolds' Facebook Live video immediately after the shooting (10:29), Heavy.com
  Philando Castile, Diamond Reynolds and a Nightmare Caught on Video (composite of several videos, 4:49), The New York Times

Castile was pulled over as part of a traffic stop[25] by Yanez and Kauser in Falcon Heights, Minnesota, a suburb of Saint Paul.[26][9][22] Castile and Reynolds were returning from shopping at a grocery store; earlier that evening, Castile had gone for a haircut, eaten dinner with his sister, and picked up his girlfriend from his apartment in St. Paul.[27]

A St. Anthony police officer patrolling Larpenteur Avenue radioed to a nearby squad that he planned to pull over the car and check the IDs of the driver and passenger, saying, "The two occupants just look like people that were involved in a robbery. The driver looks more like one of our suspects, just because of the wide-set nose. I couldn't get a good look at the passenger."[28][29] At 9:04 p.m. CDT, the officer told a nearby officer that he would wait for him to make the stop.[28]

The stop took place on Larpenteur Avenue at Fry Street,[3] just outside the Minnesota state fairgrounds,[30] at about 9:05 p.m. CDT.[31] Riding in a[28] white 1997 Oldsmobile Eighty Eight LS[25][32] with Castile were his girlfriend Diamond Reynolds and her four-year-old daughter.[3][4] Castile was the driver, Reynolds was the front-seat passenger, and the child was in the back seat.[33] "According to investigators, Yanez approached the car from the driver's side, while Kauser approached it from the passenger side."[31]

The police dashcam video[34] shows that 40 seconds elapsed between when Yanez first started talking to Castile through the car window and when Yanez began shooting at him. According to the dashcam, after Yanez asked for Castile's driver's license and proof of insurance, Castile gave him his proof of insurance card, which Yanez appeared to glance at and tuck in his outer pocket. Castile then calmly informed Yanez, "Sir, I have to tell you that I do have a firearm on me."[35] Quoting the Star Tribune description of the next 13 seconds of the video:

Before Castile completed the sentence, Yanez interrupted and calmly replied, "OK," and placed his right hand on the holster of his own holstered weapon. Yanez said, "Okay, don't reach for it, then ... don't pull it out." Castile responded, "I'm not pulling it out," and Reynolds also said, "He's not pulling it out." Yanez repeated, raising his voice, "Don't pull it out!" as he quickly pulled his own gun with his right hand and reached inside the driver's window with his left hand. Reynolds screamed, "No!" Yanez removed his left arm from the car and fired seven shots in the direction of Castile in rapid succession. Reynolds yelled, "You just killed my boyfriend!" Castile moaned and said, "I wasn't reaching for it." Reynolds loudly said, "He wasn't reaching for it." Before she completed her sentence, Yanez again screamed, "Don't pull it out!" Reynolds responded, "He wasn't." Yanez yelled, "Don't move! Fuck!"[35]

Of the seven shots fired by Yanez at point blank range, five hit Castile and two of those pierced his heart.[6] Events immediately after the shooting were streamed live in a 10-minute video by Reynolds via Facebook.[33] The recording appears to begin seconds after Castile was shot, just after 9:00 p.m. CDT.[9] The video depicts Castile slumped over, moaning and moving slightly, with a bloodied left arm and side.[33] In the video, Reynolds is speaking with Yanez and explaining what happened. Reynolds stated on the video that Yanez "asked him for license and registration. He told him that it was in his wallet, but he had a pistol on him because he's licensed to carry." Castile did have a license to carry a gun.[36] Reynolds further narrated that the officer said "Don't move", and as Castile was putting his hands back up, the officer shot him in the arm four or five times. Reynolds told the officer, "You shot four bullets into him, sir. He was just getting his license and registration, sir."[3][26] Reynolds also said "Please don't tell me he's dead", while Yanez exclaimed: "I told him not to reach for it! I told him to get his hand open!"[28]

At one point in the video footage, an officer orders Reynolds to get on her knees and the sound of Reynolds being handcuffed can be heard. Reynolds' phone falls onto the ground but continues recording, and an officer periodically yells, "Fuck!"[37] A video from the squad car of Joseph Kauser (where Reynolds and her daughter were put after Reynolds was handcuffed) shows Reynolds' daughter telling her, "Mom, please stop cussing and screaming 'cause I don't want you to get shooted".[38] Reynolds was taken into custody, questioned at a police station, and released the following morning around 5:00 a.m.[39][40]

According to police and emergency audio of the aftermath obtained by the Star Tribune, at 9:06 p.m., Kauser called in the shooting, reporting: "Shots fired. Larpenteur and Fry." The dispatcher answered: "Copy. You just heard it?" Yanez then screamed: "Code three!" Many officers then rushed to the scene. One officer reports, "One adult female being taken into custody. Driver at gunpoint. Juvenile female, child, is with [another officer]. We need a couple other squads to block off intersections." Another officer called in, "All officers are good. One suspect that needs medics."[28]

The day following the shooting, Reynolds said that police had "treated me like a criminal ... like it was my fault."[25] She also said that officers had failed to check Castile for a pulse or to see if he was breathing for several minutes after the shooting, and instead comforted the officer who had fired the shots.[25] By that afternoon, her video had been viewed nearly 2.5 million times on Facebook.[41]

Yanez statements

edit

In the dashcam video of the incident, Yanez can be heard being questioned by St. Anthony police officer Tressa Sunde within minutes of the shooting, and telling her:

[Castile] was sitting in the car, seat belted. I told him, 'Can I see your license?' And then, he told me he had a firearm. I told him not to reach for it and (sigh) when he went down to grab, I told him not to reach for it (clears throat) and then he kept it right there, and I told him to take his hands off of it, and then he (sigh) he had his, his grip a lot wider than a wallet .... And I don't know where the gun was, he didn't tell me where the fucking gun was, and then it was just getting hinky, he gave, he was just staring ahead, and then I was getting fucking nervous, and then I told him, I know I fucking told him to get his fucking hand off his gun.[42]

According to the official Minnesota Department of Public Safety's Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA) transcript of the interview of Yanez and his attorneys Tom Kelly and Robert Fowler, Yanez stated that his justification for the shooting was based on fear for his own life because he believed that Castile's behavior was abusive toward a young girl passenger (Reynolds' daughter) in the car.[43] Yanez said: "I thought, I was gonna die, and I thought if he's, if he has the, the guts and the audacity to smoke marijuana in front of the five-year-old girl and risk her lungs and risk her life by giving her secondhand smoke and the front seat passenger doing the same thing, then what, what care does he give about me?"[43] The victim's previous marijuana use later became a focus of the defense, with a mason jar containing a small amount having been found in the car.[44]

According to the local publication City Pages' description of the BCA conversation, Yanez "could never state definitively ... that he saw a firearm that day". Yanez uses "various terms to suggest the presence of a firearm". Yanez states, "it appeared to me that he was wrapping something around his fingers and almost like if I were to put my hand around my gun. It was dark inside the vehicle ..." At another point "it seemed like he was pulling out a gun and the barrel just kept coming." "I know he had an object and it was dark. And he was pulling it out with his right hand." He added: "It was, to me, it just looked big and apparent that he's gonna shoot you, he's gonna kill you."[42]

In his court testimony almost a year later, Yanez was more definitive, testifying "I was able to see the firearm in Mr. Castile's hand, and that's when I engaged him." The gun was found to be in Castile's pocket when paramedics were preparing to load his fatally wounded body into an ambulance.[42][45][46]

Death and funeral

edit

The Hennepin County Medical Examiner's office ruled Castile's death a homicide and said that he had sustained multiple gunshot wounds.[33] The office reported that Castile died at 9:37 p.m. CDT in the emergency department of the Hennepin County Medical Center, about 20 minutes after being shot.[3][33] On July 14, a funeral service for Castile took place at the Cathedral of Saint Paul, attended by thousands of mourners.[47]

Reactions

edit

Statements of attorneys for Yanez and Castile family

edit

The reasonableness of the initial traffic stop, and the facts of what occurred in the 103 seconds of the stop (between the end of the pre-stop police dispatcher radio and the beginning of Reynolds' recording) were "hotly disputed" almost immediately after the shooting occurred.[28] On July 9, Yanez's attorney, Thomas Kelly of Minneapolis, said his client "reacted to the presence of that gun and the display of that gun" and that the shooting "had nothing to do with race. This had everything to do with the presence of a gun."[48]

In the video recorded shortly after the shooting, Reynolds said that the car was pulled over for a broken taillight.[3] Yanez's attorney Kelly stated following the shooting that his client stopped Castile in part because he resembled a suspect in an armed robbery that had taken place nearby four days earlier, and in part because of a broken taillight. A Castile family attorney, Albert Goins, questioned this account, said that if Yanez actually thought Castile was a robbery suspect, the police would have made a "felony traffic stop" (involving "bringing the suspect out at gunpoint while officers are in a position of cover and having them lie on the ground until they can identify who that individual is") rather than an ordinary traffic stop (in which officers stop the car and ask the driver to produce documents). Goins said, "Either [Castile] was a robbery suspect and [Yanez] didn't follow the procedures for a felony stop, or [Castile] was not a robbery suspect and [Yanez] shot a man because he stood at his window getting his information."[49]

Kelly confirmed the authenticity of the pre-stop police audio, in which one officer reports that the driver resembled a recent robbery suspect due to his "wide-set nose." Goins said, "I can't imagine that it's reasonable suspicion to make a stop because somebody had a broad nose."[28] The particular robbery to which the officer referred was identified as a July 2 armed robbery at a local convenience store,[50] in which the two suspects were "described as black men with shoulder-length or longer dreadlocks" with no information about estimated height, weight or ages.[28] Yanez was one of the police officers who had responded to the robbery.[20] Subsequent investigations ruled out Castile as being one of the armed robbers.[51]

Castile's mother Valerie Castile and her lawyer Glenda Hatchett called for the case to be referred to a special prosecutor and called for the U.S. Department of Justice to conduct a federal investigation.[27]

Protests and civil unrest

edit
 
Diamond Reynolds speaking at a rally in memory of her boyfriend on the day after his death
 
Black Lives Matter protesting in Saint Paul, Minnesota, on July 7

By 12:30 a.m. on July 7, about three hours after the shooting, protesters gathered at the scene, "peaceful but visibly angry".[3] More than 200 people were present.[52] After news of Castile's death spread, crowds of protestors gathered outside the Minnesota Governor's Residence in St. Paul, chanting Castile's name and demanding that then-Governor Mark Dayton make a statement.[9][52] That night, demonstrations in St. Paul continued, remaining "peaceful but forceful".[53]

Nekima Levy-Pounds, president of the Minneapolis chapter of the NAACP, said that her group would request a federal investigation. She also called for an independent body to investigate the shooting, expressing skepticism with the state agency that is leading the investigation of the incident, the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, a division of the Department of Public Safety.[3][25] NAACP president Cornell William Brooks said, "I'm waiting to hear the human outcry from Second Amendment defenders over [this incident]..."[54] Black Lives Matter activist DeRay Mckesson said, "Philando Castile should be alive today".[9] On July 8, over 1,000 demonstrators shut down Interstate 880 in Oakland, California, for several hours to protest Castile's shooting death and that of Alton Sterling the day before.[55]

After two days of peaceful protests and vigils, violence between protesters and police in St. Paul broke out on July 9 and 10. Some 102 people were arrested and 21 officers (15 police officers and six Minnesota State Patrol officers) had been injured, one of them seriously. A group threw rocks, bottles, and Molotov cocktails at police and police used pepper spray and tear gas to disperse the crowd.[24][56] The protesters caused Interstate 94 in between Minnesota State Highway 280 and downtown St. Paul to be closed. After they were dispersed from the highway, another group of protests took place at Dale and Grand Avenue.[56] The violence was condemned by President Obama, Governor Dayton, St. Paul Mayor Chris Coleman, and Police Chief Todd Axtell, who called for calm.[24][56]

After the shooting, a number of activists established an encampment outside of the Governor's Residence. On July 18, demonstrators cleared the encampment and moved off the road after police directed them to move, saying that they could continue to protest "as long as it was done on the sidewalk" and did not impede vehicle or pedestrian traffic. The interactions between police and demonstrators were peaceful, and no arrests were made.[57]

On July 19, 21 protesters—mostly members of the St. Paul and Minneapolis teachers' federations—were arrested willingly at a protest in Minneapolis after blocking a street in Minneapolis and refusing orders to disperse. The teachers marched from the Minneapolis Convention Center (where an American Federation of Teachers convention was being held) to the Nicollet Mall area; they were cited for misdemeanor public nuisance and released.[58][59]

Government officials

edit
 
Minnesota Governor Mark Dayton speaking outside his residence in Saint Paul

Later in the morning of July 7, Governor Dayton appeared outside his residence and said:[3][25]

My deepest condolences go out to the family and friends. On behalf of all decent-minded Minnesotans, we are shocked and horrified by what occurred last night. This kind of behavior is unacceptable. It is not the norm in Minnesota. I promise ... to see that this matter is brought to justice and all avenues are pursued and do a complete investigation. Justice will be served in Minnesota.

Dayton said he had requested an independent U.S. Department of Justice investigation and had spoken to White House Chief of Staff Denis McDonough about the matter.[9] Dayton also commented, "Would this have happened if those passengers would have been white? I don't think it would have."[60] He promised to "do everything in my power to help protect the integrity" of the ongoing parallel state investigation "to ensure a proper and just outcome for all involved."[61]

U.S. Representative Betty McCollum, Democrat of Minnesota, whose district includes the place where Castile was shot, called for a Justice Department investigation,[62] and U.S. Senator Al Franken, Democrat of Minnesota, also called for a federal investigation, saying in a statement: "I am horrified that we are forced to confront yet another death of a young African-American man at the hands of law enforcement. And I am heartbroken for Philando's family and loved ones, whose son, brother, boyfriend, and nephew was taken from them last night."[63] Former U.S. Representative Keith Ellison, current Attorney General of Minnesota, denounced the "systematic targeting of African Americans and a systematic lack of accountability."[9]

Speaking shortly after the shootings of Castile and Alton Sterling, President Barack Obama did not comment on the specific incidents, but called on the U.S. to "do better" and said that controversial incidents arising from the police use of force were "not isolated incidents" but rather were "symptomatic of a broader set of racial disparities that exist in our criminal justice system". Obama expressed "extraordinary appreciation and respect for the vast majority of police officers" and noted the difficult nature of the job.[64] He stated, "When incidents like this occur, there's a big chunk of our citizenry that feels as if, because of the color of their skin, they are not being treated the same, and that hurts, and that should trouble all of us. This is not just a black issue, not just a Hispanic issue. This is an American issue that we all should care about."[33] Obama telephoned Castile's mother to offer his condolences.[27]

International response

edit

Following the shooting of Castile, Sterling, and police officers in Dallas, the Bahamian government, a Caribbean island nation with an over 90% citizenry of Afro-Bahamian origin, issued a travel advisory to its citizens in the United States, stating "[i]n particular young [Bahamian] males are asked to exercise extreme caution in affected cities in their interactions with the police. Do not be confrontational and cooperate".[65][66][67] Travel advisories were also issued by the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain,[68][69] warning for caution in the United States due to ongoing violence and the U.S. "gun culture", and to avoid crowded areas, protests, and demonstrations as "civil disorder can result".[65]

National Rifle Association vs. Second Amendment Foundation

edit

The National Rifle Association (NRA), which lobbies for the rights of gun owners, issued a statement two days[70] after the shooting saying: "The reports from Minnesota are troubling and must be thoroughly investigated. In the meantime, it is important for the NRA not to comment while the investigation is ongoing."[71][72] By contrast, the NRA had issued a statement within hours of the 2016 shooting of Dallas police officers; many saw this as a double standard.[70] On July 9, 2017, responding to allegations of racism, NRA spokesperson Dana Loesch said the death of Castile is "absolutely awful".[73] On August 10, 2017, Loesch explained NRA's reluctance to defend Castile by arguing he was not legally carrying his handgun at the time of the shooting due to his marijuana possession.[74] She added that his "Permit should've been out & hands not moving", and that the law enforcement officer should have asked Castile where his firearm was kept.[75] Many NRA members believed that the NRA did not do enough to defend Castile's right to own a gun.[70]

The Second Amendment Foundation in contrast immediately issued a strong statement for an independent investigation after the shooting, with founder Alan Gottlieb stating, "Exercising our right to bear arms should not translate to a death sentence over something so trivial as a traffic stop for a broken tail light, and we are going to watch this case with a magnifying glass."[76]

Investigation and prosecution

edit

Official investigation

edit

The day after the fatal shooting, the St. Anthony Police Department identified Yanez as the officer who fired the fatal shots at Castile. Yanez and his partner Kauser were placed on paid administrative leave.[77]

The Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA) was the lead agency in charge of the investigation.[25] Two days following the shooting, Ramsey County Attorney John Choi called for a "prompt and thorough" investigation into the shooting.[77] He said that he had not determined whether he would use a grand jury, but stated that if either a grand jury or prosecutors in his office determined that charges were appropriate, he would "prosecute this case to the fullest extent of the law."[78]

The BCA said that squad-car video and "several" other videos had been collected as evidence. St. Anthony police did not wear body cameras.[79] On September 28, 2016, the BCA announced that it had completed its investigation and turned over its findings to Ramsey County Attorney John Choi. Prosecutors in the Ramsey County Attorney's Office would decide whether to file charges in the shooting or bring the case to a grand jury.[80]

Charges and prosecution

edit

Choi reviewed the evidence with assistance from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Attorney's office,[81] a retired deputy chief of police in Irvine, California,[82] and a former federal prosecutor.[83] Seven weeks after receiving the BCA report, Choi announced that Yanez was being charged with second degree manslaughter and two counts of dangerous discharge of a firearm. Choi stated:

To justify the use of deadly force, it is not enough, however, for the police officer to merely express a subjective fear of death or great bodily harm. Unreasonable fear cannot justify the use of deadly force. The use of deadly force must be objectively reasonable and necessary, given the totality of the circumstances. Based upon our thorough and exhaustive review of the facts of this case, it is my conclusion that the use of deadly force by Officer Yanez was not justified, and that sufficient facts exist to prove that to be true. Accordingly, we filed a criminal complaint this morning in Ramsey County.[84]

In his press conference announcing his decision to prosecute Yanez, Choi noted facts not consistent with a justified fear of Castile, namely that Yanez's partner, Officer Kauser, who was standing at the car's passenger window during the shooting, "did not touch or remove his gun from its holster", and that in his answers to questioning by Saint Anthony Police Officer Tressa Sunde immediately after the shooting, Yanez "stated he did not know where [Castile's] gun was".[83] Choi also noted that:

  • "Philando Castile was not resisting or fleeing."
  • "There was absolutely no criminal intent exhibited by him throughout this encounter."
  • "He was respectful and compliant based upon the instructions and orders he was given."
  • "He volunteered in good faith that he had a firearm – beyond what the law requires."
  • "He emphatically stated that he wasn't pulling it out."
  • "His movement was restricted by his own seat belt."
  • "He was accompanied, in his vehicle, by a woman and a young child."
  • "Philando Castile did not exhibit any intent, nor did he have any reason, to shoot Officer Yanez."
  • "In fact, his dying words were in protest that he wasn't reaching for his gun."[83][failed verification]

According to author and former FBI agent Larry Brubaker, who has written two books on officer-involved shootings, "this is the first time an officer has been charged for a fatal shooting in Minnesota in more than 200 cases that spanned over three decades".[85]

Trial and verdict

edit
 
Philando's mother, Valerie Castile, speaking at a press conference shortly after the verdict was announced

The trial of Yanez began May 30, 2017, under Judge William H. Leary III.[86] Yanez would have faced up to 10 years under Minnesota law if he had been convicted.

After five days and more than 25 hours of deliberation, the 12-member jury decided that the state had not met its burden for a conviction. The vote was initially 10–2 in favor of acquitting Yanez; after further deliberation the two remaining jurors were also swayed to acquit.[87] The jury consisted of seven men and five women. Two jurors were black.[87] Following the acquittal, a jury member told the press that the specific wording of the law regarding culpable negligence was the main factor among many leading to the verdict.[88] One juror who later spoke anonymously said:

What we were looking at was some pretty obscure things to a lot of people, like culpable negligence. You think you might know what it means: It's negligent, but maybe pretty bad negligence. Well, it's gross negligence with an element of recklessness ... We had the law in front of us so we could break it down.

It just came down to us not being able to see what was going on in the car. Some of us were saying that there was some recklessness there, but that didn't stick because we didn't know what escalated the situation: was he really seeing a gun? We felt [Yanez] was an honest guy ... and in the end, we had to go on his word, and that's what it came down to.[89]

Aftermath of verdict

edit
 
Memorial at the shooting site in July 2016

The day the verdict was announced, the city of St. Anthony announced that "the public will be best served if Officer Yanez is no longer a police officer in our city", and that he would not be returning to the police department from leave after the trial.[8] As revealed by the Associated Press a few weeks later, Yanez received $48,500 as part of his separation agreement with the city, in addition to payment for unused compensatory time.[90]

Some 2,000 protesters marched in the streets, eventually blocking Interstate 94, where 18 people were arrested, including at least one reporter.[91][92][93]

Members of the Castile family, who had worked closely with authorities throughout the trial, expressed shock and outrage at the verdict, and a loss of faith in the system. Although they had earlier discussed a federal civil rights lawsuit, on June 26, 2017, the family released a joint statement with the city of St. Anthony announcing a settlement worth $2.995 million.[1]

On June 20, 2017, dashcam footage seen by investigators and members of the courtroom during the trial was released to public.[94] On June 21, 2017, Ramsey County released additional evidence, including footage taken inside Yanez's squad car which shows Diamond Reynolds' daughter comforting her mother after the shooting.[95]

In mid-2017, the Saint Anthony city council adjusted the city's police contract so that financial liability falls to its served communities, rather than Saint Anthony itself. With this increase in cost, Falcon Heights voted to end the contract and find a new police provider.[96] The Ramsey County Sheriff was to police Falcon Heights in 2018.[97] The 2017 Falcon Heights city council election centered on how the city should be policed.[98]

Legacy

edit
 
"Justice 4 Philando" signs at the Rondo Days parade, 2018

In honor of Castile, the Philando Castile Memorial Scholarship has been started at St. Paul Central High School. The inaugural $5,000 award was given to Marques Watson in 2017.[99]

Castile, a school cafeteria worker, frequently paid for lunches for students who owed money or could not afford to pay. Inspired by this example, the Philando Castile Relief Foundation was created. The charity focuses on paying school lunch debts and addressing gun violence in the Minneapolis area. The charity's money comes in part from a civil settlement between Castile's family and the city of St. Anthony. In April, 2019 the foundation gave $8,000 to wipe out the accumulated lunch debt of all seniors at Robbinsdale Cooper High School in New Hope, Minn. The debt was threatening the ability of students to graduate. The foundation earlier gave $10,000 for school lunches to the J.J. Hill Montessori Magnet School where Philando Castile worked.[100][101][102] Valerie Castile spoke at U.S. House Representative Ilhan Omar's press conference on a bill ending the shaming of students who owe meal debt.[103]

In 2017 New Zealand-born artist Luke Willis Thompson filmed Reynolds for an artwork titled Autoportrait. He intended the work as a "sister image" to her filmed footage.[104] The work was first presented at Chisenhale Gallery in London in 2017.[105]

See also

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ Pronounced /fɪˈlɑːndoʊ kæˈstiːl/ fi-LAHN-doh ka-STEEL.
  2. ^ After a 2011 traffic stop when Castile was arrested for driving with a revoked license, he had in fact been transported to jail by Officer Yanez,[20] although it is unclear whether the two men recognized each other at the time of the fatal shooting.

References

edit
  1. ^ a b Smith, Mitch (June 26, 2017). "Philando Castile Family Reaches $3 Million Settlement". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
  2. ^ Berman, Mark (November 29, 2017). "Diamond Reynolds agrees to $800,000 settlement stemming from Philando Castile's death". Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Pheifer, Pat; Peck, Claude (July 7, 2016). "Aftermath of fatal Falcon Heights officer-involved shooting captured on video". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  4. ^ a b Chappell, Bill (July 7, 2016). "Police Stop Ends in Black Man's Death; Aftermath Is Live-Streamed on Facebook". NPR. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  5. ^ "Traffic Stop Transcript" (PDF). Ramsey County. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
  6. ^ a b "The Latest: Expert: No reason to think motorist a threat". Star Tribune. Associated Press. June 7, 2017. Archived from the original on June 7, 2017. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  7. ^ "Press Release Report" (PDF) (Press release). Hennepin County Medical Examiner. June 7, 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
  8. ^ a b Berman, Mark (June 17, 2017). "Minn. officer acquitted in shooting of Philando Castile during traffic stop, dismissed from police force". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Miller, Michael E.; Lowery, Wesley; Bever, Lindsey (June 7, 2016). "Minn. cop fatally shoots black man during traffic stop, aftermath broadcast on Facebook". Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  10. ^ McCarthy, Ciara (November 16, 2016). "Philando Castile: police officer charged with manslaughter over shooting death". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
  11. ^ Smith, Mitch (June 16, 2017). "Minnesota Officer Acquitted in Killing of Philando Castile". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
  12. ^ Etehad, Melissa (June 16, 2017). "Minnesota police officer found not guilty in shooting death of Philando Castile". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
  13. ^ Joles, David (June 16, 2017). "City of St. Anthony fires officer Jeronimo Yanez". Star Tribune. Star Tribune Media. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
  14. ^ a b "What we know about Philando Castile". Star Tribune. July 7, 2016. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  15. ^ Oliveira, Jill (July 7, 2016). "Update: BCA Investigating Officer Involved Shooting in Falcon Heights" (Press release). Minnesota Department of Public Safety. Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
  16. ^ "Philando Castile was born in St. Louis". KMOV. Associated Press. July 7, 2016. Archived from the original on July 12, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  17. ^ LaFraniere, Sharon; Smith, Mitch (July 16, 2016). "Philando Castile Was Pulled Over 49 Times in 13 Years, Often for Minor Infractions". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  18. ^ McShane, Larry (July 9, 2016). "Philando Castile stopped by cops 52 times in past 14 years". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
  19. ^ Johnson, Carla K.; Karnowski, Steve (July 9, 2016). "Philando Castile Had Been Stopped 52 Times By Police". Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 26, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
  20. ^ a b "Officer Who Killed Philando Castile Once Took Him To Jail". CBS Minnesota. July 21, 2016. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
  21. ^ Gottfried, Mara H.; Horner, Sarah (July 7, 2016). "BCA identifies officers involved in Philando Castile shooting". St. Paul Pioneer Press. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  22. ^ a b c d Chanen, David (July 7, 2016). "Officers involved in Falcon Heights shooting are identified". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  23. ^ a b Stahl, Brandon; Chanen, David (July 9, 2016). "St. Anthony officers who made traffic stop are longtime friends, former classmates". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  24. ^ a b c Belkin, Douglas; Strum, Beckie (July 10, 2016). "Protests Turn Violent in St. Paul; More Than 100 Arrested". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g Star Tribune staff writers (July 7, 2016). "Dayton 'shocked and horrified' by police shooting in Falcon Heights, caught on video". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  26. ^ a b "Philando Castile death: Aftermath of police shooting streamed live". BBC News. July 7, 2016. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  27. ^ a b c Smith, Mitch (July 12, 2016). "Philando Castile's Last Night: Tacos and Laughs, Then a Drive". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h Mannix, Andy (July 12, 2016). "Police audio: Officer stopped Philando Castile on robbery suspicion: Police recording doesn't cover shooting itself". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  29. ^ Jacobo, Julia; Francis, Enjoli (July 11, 2016). "Cops May Have Thought Philando Castile Was a Robbery Suspect, Noting 'Wide-Set Nose,' Dispatch Audio Indicates". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  30. ^ MPR News staff writers (July 7, 2016). "Officer shoots, kills man at Falcon Heights traffic stop". Minnesota Public Radio. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  31. ^ a b Johnson, Alex (July 7, 2016). "Minnesota Officers in Fatal Shooting of Philando Castile Identified". NBC News. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
  32. ^ Washington, Robin (July 11, 2016). "Is Philando Castile the Ultimate Casualty of Driving While Black?". The Marshall Project. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
  33. ^ a b c d e f Furber, Matt; Pérez-Peña, Richard (July 7, 2016). "After Philando Castile's Killing, Obama Calls Police Shootings 'an American Issue'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  34. ^ Xiong, Chao; Mannix, Andy (June 21, 2017). "Case file in Philando Castile shooting released, dashcam video shows shooting". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  35. ^ a b DeLong, Matt; Braunger, Dave (June 21, 2017). "Breaking down the dashcam video: The Philando Castile shooting timeline". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  36. ^ Williams, Brandt (July 13, 2016). "Police shooting victim Castile was issued permit to carry gun in 2015". Minnesota Public Radio. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
  37. ^ Ockerman, Emma (July 7, 2016). "Read the Transcript of the Video Taken During Philando Castile Shooting". Time. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  38. ^ Xiong, Chao (June 22, 2017). "Video: 'I don't want you to get shooted,' daughter pleads to mother moments after Castile shooting". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
  39. ^ Bosman, Julie (July 7, 2016). "After Poised Live-Streaming, Tears and Fury Find Diamond Reynolds". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  40. ^ Patterson, Brandon Ellington (July 7, 2016). "President Obama Speaks Out About the Police Shooting Deaths of Philando Castile and Alton Sterling". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  41. ^ Peterson, Andrea (July 7, 2016). "Why the Philando Castile police-shooting video disappeared from Facebook — then came back". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  42. ^ a b c Du, Susan (June 20, 2017). "Interviews contradict Jeronimo Yanez trial testimony he saw Philando Castile's gun | City Pages". City Pages. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
  43. ^ a b "Minnesota Department of Public Safety's Bureau of Criminal Apprehension transcript of the interview of Yanez and his attorneys Tom Kelly and Robert Fowler" (PDF). July 7, 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  44. ^ "BCA releases dashcam video, other evidence from Yanez probe: Day 7: Prosecution's police expert rips Yanez for deadly force in confronting Castile". MPR News. June 7, 2017. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 2, 2017.
  45. ^ "The Latest: Responding officer found gun in Castile's pocket". Star Tribune. Associated Press. June 6, 2017. Archived from the original on June 24, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
  46. ^ Berman, Mark (June 21, 2017). "What the police officer who shot Philando Castile said about the shooting". Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
  47. ^ Louwagie, Pam; Van Berkel, Jessie (July 15, 2016). "Thousands pay tribute to Castile: 'His death is not in vain'". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
  48. ^ Gurman, Sadie; Foreman, Skip (July 9, 2016). "Cop's lawyer blames driver's gun, not his race". Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 9, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
  49. ^ Stahl, Brandon (July 11, 2016). "Lawyer: Castile pulled over because he matched robbery suspect". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on July 11, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
  50. ^ Song, Kayla (May 29, 2017). "Philando Castile case: Officer found not guilty. A timeline". Twin Cities. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
  51. ^ Pelissero, Sara (November 16, 2016). "Complaint details charges against St. Anthony officer". KARE 11. Archived from the original on June 10, 2020. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
  52. ^ a b KARE 11 staff (July 7, 2016). "Man shot by St. Anthony officer dies". KARE. Retrieved July 7, 2016.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  53. ^ Smith, Mitch; Furber, Matt (July 8, 2016). "Details Emerge of Philando Castile Shooting, and Minnesota Protests Carry Into Morning". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  54. ^ Eversley, Melanie (July 7, 2016). "Minn. police shooting reignites debate over Second Amendment, race". USA Today. Gannett. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  55. ^ Grad, Shelby; Hamilton, Matt (July 8, 2016). "Oakland freeway reopens after protesters shouting 'No racist police' shut it down for hours". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  56. ^ a b c Walsh, Paul (July 10, 2016). "Police chief 'disgusted' by violence at I-94 protest; 21 officers hurt". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
  57. ^ Walsh, Paul (July 18, 2016). "Police order protesters off Summit in front of governor's residence; traffic moving again". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on July 19, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  58. ^ Sawyer, Liz (July 20, 2016). "Arrests follow in Minneapolis as teachers, activists protest Philando Castile's death". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  59. ^ Delage, Jaime (July 19, 2016). "Teachers arrested in Minneapolis Philando Castile protest". Twin Cities Pioneer Press. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  60. ^ Chan, Melissa (July 7, 2016). "Minnesota Governor Doesn't Think Philando Castile Would Have Been Killed If He Were White". Time. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2016. The governor said he was 'forced to confront' the fact that 'this kind of racism exists,' before suggesting that a white passenger would have been treated differently by police.
  61. ^ "Governor: 'Justice will be served in Minnesota' in shooting of Philando Castile". Fox 9 News. KMSP. July 7, 2016. Archived from the original on July 8, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
  62. ^ Melo, Frederick; Gottfried, Mara H. (July 6, 2016). "Woman live-streams aftermath of boyfriend's fatal shooting by police in Falcon Heights". St. Paul Pioneer Press. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  63. ^ Lopez, Ricardo (July 7, 2016). "Dayton says race likely a factor in fatal shooting of Philando Castile". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
  64. ^ Wang, Christine (July 7, 2016). "Obama: All Americans should be troubled by recent police shootings". CNN. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  65. ^ a b O'Neill, Marnie (July 11, 2016). "Several countries issue travel alerts for United States amid growing racial tensions". News.com.au. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
  66. ^ Davis, Aaron C. (July 9, 2016). "The Bahamas' new U.S. travel advisory: Use 'extreme caution' around police". Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  67. ^ "Bahamas Issues Travel Advisory to the US Following Shootings". Associated Press. July 9, 2016. Archived from the original on July 10, 2016. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  68. ^ "UAE, Bahrain warn citizens heading to US amid protests". Al Jazeera. July 10, 2016. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
  69. ^ Lange, Jason; Hirsch, Lauren (July 10, 2016). "Three countries urge caution traveling to U.S. amid protests, violence". Reuters. Reuters. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
  70. ^ a b c Fung, Brian. "The NRA's internal split over Philando Castile". Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  71. ^ Selk, Avi (June 21, 2017). "Gun owners are outraged by the Philando Castile case. The NRA is silent". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
  72. ^ Cobb, Jelani (June 22, 2017). "Old Questions But No New Answers in the Philando Castile Verdict". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
  73. ^ Vagianos, Alanna (July 10, 2017). "NRA Spokeswoman Was Forced To Discuss Philando Castile During Heated Debate". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  74. ^ "Dana Loesch explains why the NRA didn't defend Philando Castile". Washington Examiner. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  75. ^ Wing, Nick (August 11, 2017). "NRA Spokeswoman Blames Philando Castile For Getting Killed". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  76. ^ "SAF, CCRKBA call for independent probe of fatal shooting of legally armed citizen" (Press release). Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  77. ^ a b Van Berkel, Jessie (July 8, 2016). "Ramsey County Attorney says he needs time to determine whether to use grand jury in Castile shooting". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  78. ^ Aeikens, Dave (July 8, 2016). "Ramsey Co. Attorney: Decision on Grand Jury in Castile Shooting Comes Later". KTSP. Archived from the original on July 9, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
  79. ^ Alexander, Bryan (July 9, 2016). "Lawyer: Officer who shot Philando Castile reacted to gun, not race". USA Today. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
  80. ^ Yuen, Laura; Feshir, Riham (September 28, 2016). "Philando Castile police shooting probe complete, sent to prosecutors". Minnesota Public Radio. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  81. ^ Gottfried, Mara H.; Horner, Sarah; Vezner, Tad; Cooney, Tory (November 17, 2016). "Charges in Philando Castile shooting death stun experts, activist". Pioneer Press. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021.
  82. ^ Melo, Frederick (November 17, 2016). "How hard is a guilty verdict in Philando Castile shooting? We ask experts". Pioneer Press. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021.
  83. ^ a b c Choi, John J. (July 29, 2016). "Remarks as prepared for delivery regarding the hiring of a Special Prosecutor in the Philando Castile case" (PDF). Office of the Ramsey County Attorney. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 10, 2021.
  84. ^ Olson, Michael (November 16, 2016). "The latest: The shooting death of Philando Castile". Minnesota Public Radio. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021.
  85. ^ Collins, Jon (November 16, 2016). "Officer charged in Castile shooting". Minnesota Public Radio. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021.
  86. ^ Yanez trial begins at a time when charges against officers are rare Archived February 10, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Minnesota Public Radio, May 30, 2017.
  87. ^ a b "Two holdouts on Yanez jury changed minds on Friday, juror says". Star Tribune. June 17, 2017. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  88. ^ "74 Seconds: The trial of officer Jeronimo Yanez". Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
  89. ^ Weber, Tom (June 23, 2017). "Yanez juror: 'Nobody was OK with it'". MPR News. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  90. ^ "Latest: Officer who killed Castile gets $48,500 in agreement". AP NEWS. July 11, 2017. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  91. ^ "18 arrests made in I-94 protest; highway reopens after 3 hours following Yanez acquittal". Pioneer Press. Twin Cities. June 16, 2017. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
  92. ^ Mary Lynn Smith, Miguel Otárola and Liz Sawyer (June 17, 2017). "After rally by Philando Castile supporters in St. Paul, marchers hit I-94 and arrests follow". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
  93. ^ Goldstein, Jessica (June 17, 2017). "Thousands take to the streets to protest Philando Castile shooting verdict". ThinkProgress. Archived from the original on March 17, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
  94. ^ Garcia, Michelle (June 20, 2017). "The dash-cam footage the jury saw before clearing the cop who shot Philando Castile was released". Vox. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  95. ^ "More Evidence Released in Yanez Case: 'I Don't Want You to Get Shooted'". KSTP. St. Paul, Minnesota. June 21, 2017. Archived from the original on June 22, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
  96. ^ Woltman, Nick (April 6, 2017). "Falcon Heights moves to end St. Anthony policing contract". Twin Cities. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
  97. ^ "Falcon Heights has new contract for police services". Minnesota Public Radio. Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
  98. ^ "Falcon Heights City Council shake-up, plus other east metro municipal races". Twin Cities. Saint Paul Pioneer Press. November 8, 2017. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
  99. ^ Cathy Wurzer (July 6, 2017). "Classmates of Philando Castile award first scholarship in his honor". MPR News. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
  100. ^ Hassanzadeh, Erin (April 25, 2019). "Philando Castile's Mom Presents $8,000 Donation To Help Clear Student Lunch Debts". WCCO TV. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
  101. ^ Van Sant, Shannon (May 7, 2019). "Philando Castile's Mother Wipes Out School Lunch Debt, Continuing Son's Legacy". NPR News. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
  102. ^ Stevens, Heidi (May 2, 2019). "Philando Castile's mother just wiped out hundreds of students' lunch debt". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
  103. ^ Thomas, Elizabeth (June 19, 2019). "Rep. Ilhan Omar announces bill to end student lunch debt shaming". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
  104. ^ Judah, Hettie (June 26, 2017). "Diamond Reynolds: the woman who streamed a police shooting becomes a Renaissance Madonna". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  105. ^ "Luke Willis Thompson". chisenhale.org.uk. Chisenhale Gallery. Archived from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shooting of Philando Castile.

Complaint

edit

Video

edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Killing_of_Philando_Castile&oldid=1257920368#Jeronimo_Yanez"