Jews in the UK now number around 270,000,[ 1] Jewish population in Europe (behind France) and the fifth largest Jewish community worldwide . The majority of the Jews in England live in and around London, with almost 160,000 Jews in London itself and a further 20,800 in nearby Hertfordshire , primarily in Bushey (4,500), Borehamwood (3,900), and Radlett (2,300). The next most significant population is in Greater Manchester with a community of slightly more than 25,000, primarily in Bury (10,360),[ 2] Salford (7,920),[ 3] Manchester itself (2,725)[ 4] Trafford (2,490).[ 5] Leeds (6,760),[ 6] Gateshead (3,000),[ 7] Brighton (2,730),[ 8] Liverpool (2,330),[ 9] Birmingham (2,150)[ 10] Southend (2,080).[ 11]
Cambridge and East Anglia
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Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire
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Greater London and Surrey
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City of London and the East End
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East and North East London
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North and North West London
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South and South East London
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South West London and Surrey
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Blackpool and Lytham St Annes
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There have been Jews in Scotland since the 17th century, if not earlier.[ 315] Ashkenazi background who mainly settled in Edinburgh , then in Glasgow in the mid-19th century. According to the 2011 census, 5,887 Jews lived in Scotland; a decline of 8.7% from the 2001 census.[ 316]
There are records of Jews in Abergavenny , Caerleon and Chepstow in the 13th century, all of them in the Marcher Lordships of South Wales.[ 326] conquest of Wales (1287–1283), Edward I issued the 1290 Edict of Expulsion expelling the Jews from England . It is likely that most, if not all, Jews left Wales after Edward I's edict of 1290.
A Jewish community was recorded in Swansea in around 1730. Further Jewish communities were formed in the 19th century in Cardiff , Merthyr Tydfil , Pontypridd and Tredegar ."[ 327]
Jewish communities in Wales were augmented by refugees from Nazi -dominated Europe in the late 1930s.
The modern community in South Wales is centred on the Cardiff Reform Synagogue and the Cardiff United Synagogue . There is also a synagogue in Swansea. The synagogue of Merthyr Tydfil , the major one north of Cardiff, ceased to hold regular services in the 1970s and the building was later sold.
Lists
History
Organisations and movements
^ Graham, David; Boyd, Jonathan (29 November 2022). "Jews in Britain in 2021: First results from the Census of England and Wales" . Institute for Jewish Policy Research . Retrieved 12 July 2024 . ^ "Bury Census Demographics United Kingdom" . localstats.co.uk . Retrieved 12 July 2024 .^ "Salford Census Demographics United Kingdom" . localstats.co.uk . Retrieved 12 July 2024 .^ "Manchester Census Demographics United Kingdom" . localstats.co.uk . Retrieved 12 July 2024 .^ "Trafford Census Demographics United Kingdom" . localstats.co.uk . Retrieved 12 July 2024 .^ "Leeds Census Demographics United Kingdom" . localstats.co.uk . Retrieved 12 July 2024 .^ "Gateshead Census Demographics United Kingdom" . localstats.co.uk . Retrieved 12 July 2024 .^ "Brighton and Hove Census Demographics United Kingdom" . localstats.co.uk . Retrieved 12 July 2024 .^ "Liverpool Census Demographics United Kingdom" . localstats.co.uk . Retrieved 12 July 2024 .^ "Birmingham Census Demographics United Kingdom" . localstats.co.uk . Retrieved 12 July 2024 .^ "Southend-on-Sea Census Demographics United Kingdom" . localstats.co.uk . Retrieved 12 July 2024 .^ "They're building on a strong foundation" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 1 January 2019 .^ "Cambridge Traditional Jewish Congregation" . Jewish Small Communities Network . 22 August 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2018 .^ "Cambridge Jewish students 'deeply concerned' about anti-Semitism" . The Times of Israel . Retrieved 28 December 2018 .^ Jeffay, Nathan (10 July 2007). "A logic of their own" . The Guardian . Retrieved 28 December 2018 . ^ a b "Living in a small community: Norfolk is proving broad in its appeal in Norwich" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 28 December 2018 .^ "Peterborough Liberal Jewish Community" . Jewish Small Communities Network . Retrieved 7 June 2019 .^ "Peterborough Liberal Jewish Community" . JCR-UK . 10 July 2017.^ "Suffolk gets its Sefer Torah, thanks to gift from London shul" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 4 May 2024 .^ "Grimsby thanks Arkush for 40 years of service" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 7 October 2017 .^ "Leicester Hebrew Congregation" . JCR-UK . 18 February 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018 .^ "In pictures: Thousands take part in biggest Mitzvah Day" . Jewish News . Retrieved 13 December 2022 .^ a b "Harry Potter fans await final chapter of quiz" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 1 October 2018 .^ Roberts, Marcus. "Trail Lincoln" . JTrails: National Anglo-Jewish Heritage Trail. Retrieved 21 September 2014 . ^ "Chabad Lubavitch of Nottingham" . The Charity Commission . 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2022 .^ "A first in 200 years: Nottingham shul elects woman president" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 30 September 2018 .^ "Buckhurst Hill Masorti Synagogue (formerly New Essex Masorti Synagogue)" . JCR-UK . 31 May 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018 .^ Sherwood, Andrew (20 December 2017). "Dads raise more than £3,000 after completing Menorah half-marathon" . Jewish News . Retrieved 29 December 2018 . ^ Sugarman, Daniel (16 October 2019). "The only way is Essex as Chabad expands into Epping, citing 'massive potential' . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 16 October 2019 . ^ "New Shluchim to Establish 4th Chabad Center in Essex, UK" . Chabdinfo . October 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2023 .^ "Canvey Island Jewish Community" . JCR-UK . Retrieved 4 May 2024 .^ Sugarman, Daniel (8 August 2017). "New Chasidic community in Canvey Island to be subject of BBC film" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 29 December 2018 . ^ "Essex girls finally get the call-up on Rosh Hashana" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 7 September 2018 .^ "Chigwell & Hainault Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 29 June 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2018 .^ "Colchester and District Jewish Community" . JCR-UK . 2 January 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2018 .^ "Harlow Jewish Community" . JCR-UK . 4 July 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2018 .^ Green, Fiona (25 March 2015). "Shedding light: Synagogue windows that are a cut above" . Jewish News . Retrieved 29 December 2018 . ^ "Holocaust Memorial Day is marked across the region" . The Enquirer . Billericay . 2 February 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2018 .^ Drake, Kristina (29 January 2016). "Southend Synagogue celebrates 70 years" . Baslidon, Canvey and Southend Echo . Retrieved 30 December 2018 . ^ Sugarman, Daniel (8 February 2019). "Rabbi leaves seaside shul – four years after it 'sacked' him" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 8 February 2019 . ^ "Westcliff Charedim reveal plans for a synagogue on warehouse site" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 23 September 2023 .^ Louis, Nathan (20 November 2018). "Mitzvah Day at Borehamwood & Elstree Synagogue" . Borehamwood & Elstree Times . Retrieved 28 December 2018 . ^ a b "Wembley win Wood be wonderful!" . Jewish News . Retrieved 28 December 2018 .^ "Secret Shul-Goer No 34: Borehamwood and Elstree Synagogue" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 20 June 2019 .^ "Kehillat Nashira: Borehamwood Partnership Minyan" . JCR-UK . 15 April 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2024 .^ Rocker, Simon (1 October 2015). "Partnership minyan has first batmitzvah" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 26 November 2024 . ^ "Ohr Yisrael Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 30 August 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018 .^ "Rambam Sephardi Synagogue The Spanish & Portuguese Jews' Congregation of Elstree & Borehamwood" . JCR-UK . 16 May 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018 .^ Last, Jeremy (28 February 2022). "Merged Edgware, Elstree and Borehamwood Masorti Shul to be called 'Shema' . Jewish News . Retrieved 2 March 2022 . ^ "Yavneh College named best comprehensive school in the country" . Jewish News . Retrieved 30 December 2018 .^ "Chabad opens in Bushey" . [Lubavitch.com]. 12 April 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2020 .^ Louis, Nathan (31 December 2019). "Kanteen in Bushey Heath hosts Chanukah celebrations" . Watford Observer . Retrieved 27 January 2020 . ^ "Immanuel College" . The Good Schools Guide . Retrieved 30 December 2018 .^ "Elstree Liberal shul goes back in time" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 25 October 2018 .^ Grenby, Jay (13 November 2017). "United in Radlett as Lubavitch centre launches" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 28 December 2018 . ^ "Hertsmere Jewish Primary School" . www.hjps.herts.sch.uk . 8 April 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2022 .^ "The Secret Shul-Goer No. 37 – Radlett Reform Synagogue" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 3 October 2019 .^ "The Secret Shul-Goer No.3 – Radlett United Synagogue" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 28 December 2018 .^ Grenby, Jay (28 April 2011). "Masorti gets shul go-ahead" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 13 December 2012 . ^ Grenby, Jay (29 August 2018). "Dynamic rabbinic couple prompt membership upsurge at Herts shul" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 7 September 2018 . ^ Rocker, Simon (27 April 2018). "The sun smiles on new schools Israel contest" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 28 December 2018 . ^ Grenby, Jay (8 July 2010). "Stevenage to get Liberal synagogue" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 1 January 2019 . ^ "Watford Interfaith Association visit places of worship" . Watford Observer . Retrieved 28 December 2018 .^ "Meet Welwyn Garden City's new rabbinic couple" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 28 December 2018 .^ "Beit Klal Yisrael – North Kensington Liberal Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 15 May 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2023 .^ "Central Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 15 July 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2023 .^ "Chelsea Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 8 January 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018 .^ "Secret Shul-Goer No 35: New West End Synagogue" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 27 July 2019 .^ "Rabbi brands Corbyn a liar over claim to tackle antisemitism" . Jewish News . Retrieved 30 December 2018 .^ Sugarman, Daniel (5 November 2018). "Sadiq Khan attends shul for #ShowUpforShabbat initiative to honour Pittsburgh victims" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 30 December 2018 . ^ "Leader of British-Indian community stands 'shoulder-to-shoulder' with Jews" . Jewish News . Retrieved 30 December 2018 .^ "Westminster Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 12 January 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2021 .^ "Secret Shul-Goer No 31: Westminster Synagogue" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 23 January 2019 .^ "Jewish resettlement commemorated" BBC News ^ a b c "The Spanish and Portuguese Jews' Congregation, London" . The Montefiore Endowment . Retrieved 2 January 2019 .^ "Congregation of Jacob Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 28 January 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018 .^ Russell, David. "Kehillas Ya'akov-Congregation of Jacob, 351–353 Commercial Road, London E1" . Jewish East End of London . Retrieved 28 December 2018 . ^ "David Brandes Synagogue saviour" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 2 January 2019 .^ Schreibman Walter, Amy (14 February 2019). "Sandys Row Synagogue: the East End shul undergoing a revival" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 14 February 2019 . ^ "Sandys Row Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 2 October 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2018 .^ "Adath Yisroel Synagogue, Stamford Hill, London N16" . JCR-UK . 15 May 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2018 .^ "Clapton Federation Synagogue (Sha'are Shomayim)" . JCR-UK . 14 January 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2018 .^ a b c Sugarman, Daniel (24 May 2019). "Redbridge rabbi sees latest merger as turning point for dwindling community" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 24 May 2019 . ^ Walawalkar, Aaron (20 December 2018). "Hundreds of people mark Christmas, Chanukah and the Prophet's birthday at multi-faith events across Redbridge" . Ilford Recorder . Retrieved 31 December 2018 . ^ "Hackney & East London Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 13 August 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2018 .^ "Highams Park and Chingford Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 29 May 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2019 .^ "New rabbi inducted at Ilford Federation shul" . Jewish News . Retrieved 31 December 2018 .^ "Kehillat North London" . JCR-UK . 10 March 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2018 .^ Jacobs, Ellie (24 August 2018). "Why Leytonstone and Wanstead Rabbi Brackman walks nine miles each Shabbat" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 7 September 2018 . ^ Doherty, Rosa (9 May 2018). "Rabbis join faith leaders in protest against London violence and murders" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 31 December 2018 . ^ Glaser, Karen (6 April 2020). "The East End renaissance" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 16 April 2020 . ^ Rocker, Simon (3 August 2018). "Cash-strapped Essex shul finds funds to save rabbi's full-time role" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 7 September 2018 . ^ "Springfield Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 14 January 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2018 .^ Ranger, James (29 March 2010). "HISTORY: A look into the past of Wanstead Hospital" . Wanstead and Woodford Guardian . Retrieved 25 March 2015 . ^ Welch, Ben (17 September 2018). "Charedi rabbis' letter defending Jeremy Corbyn is genuine, insist activists" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 19 September 2018 . ^ "Akiva School" . Ofsted . 30 January 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2018 .^ Rocker, Simon (6 November 2018). "Transgender people welcome in shul" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 31 December 2018 . ^ "Ark reopening: London shul's name change signals hybrid future" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 14 December 2023 .^ "Secret Shul-Goer No 20: Alyth" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 2 January 2018 .^ "Secret Shul-Goer No 27: Anshei Shalom" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 24 October 2018 .^ "Secret Shul-Goer No 21: Barnet United" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 24 October 2018 .^ "Beis Gavriel enjoys home win in Hendon with £2.3m scheme" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 27 December 2018 .^ "Beis Yaakov Primary School" . Ofsted . 18 March 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2018 .^ "Belmont Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 27 December 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2018 .^ "Belsize Square Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 24 December 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2018 .^ "Secret Shul-Goer No 38: Belsize Square Synagogue" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 11 November 2019 .^ Rocker, Simon (30 July 2018). "Charedi girls' primary rates well with Ofsted" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 13 August 2018 . ^ Harpin, Lee (22 March 2018). "Brondesbury Park Shul gears up for £5m facelift" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 2 January 2018 . ^ Ben-David, Daniel (17 December 2023). "Islington gathers to re-light public chanukiah hours after it was destroyed by vandals" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 17 December 2023 . ^ "Chabad West Hampstead" . JCR-UK . 29 July 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2019 .^ "Secret Shul-Goer No 16: Cockfosters and North Southgate Synagogue" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 24 October 2018 .^ "Crouch End Chavurah" . JCR-UK . 14 March 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019 .^ Abboudi, Daisy (30 December 2016). "The secret story of the Jews of Sudan" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 16 December 2018 . ^ "Secret Shul-Goer No 22: Edgware and Hendon Reform Synagogue (EHRS)" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 2 January 2018 .^ "Etz Chaim Jewish Primary School" . Ofsted . 2 November 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2019 .^ "Finchley Central Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 27 December 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2019 .^ "Liberal shul helps secure Sukkot sanctuary for child refugees" . Jewish News . Retrieved 28 September 2018 .^ "Finchley Reform Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 26 December 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2019 .^ "Secret Shul-Goer No 11: Kinloss" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 1 October 2018 .^ "Golders Green Beth Hamedrash Congregation (Munk's Synagogue)" . JCR-UK . 28 December 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2019 .^ "The Secret Shul-Goer No 7: Golders Green Synagogue (Dunstan Road)" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 1 October 2018 .^ Bimbaum, Yoni (11 April 2018). "The importance of bringing names back to life" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 13 August 2018 . ^ "Hampstead Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 20 August 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2019 .^ "The Secret Shul-Goer. No.1: Hampstead Garden Suburb Synagogue" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 1 October 2018 .^ Doherty, Rosa (7 January 2019). "Hasmonean High School cancels talk by Sholom Rubashkin, kosher meat boss convicted of fraud" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 7 January 2019 . ^ "Heichal Menachem (Chabad-Lubavitch Shul)" . JCR-UK . 29 July 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2018 .^ "Hendon Beis Hamedras" . JCR-UK . 27 December 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2019 .^ Frazer, Jenni (24 March 2017). "Ambitious plan launched to transform Hendon United Synagogue" . Jewish News . Retrieved 31 December 2018 . ^ "Schools -JCoSS" . London Borough of Barnet . Retrieved 31 December 2018 .^ Rocker, Simon (7 June 2018). "Why new JFS head is happy to be back" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 2 January 2018 . ^ Greenberg, Daniel (13 March 2019). "We need a proper, transparent way of holding our mediocre rabbis to account" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 13 March 2019 . ^ "Kenton Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 24 February 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2018 .^ "Kingsbury Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 27 December 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018 .^ "Kol Chal – Hatch End Jewish Community" . JCR-UK . 25 December 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018 .^ "Secret Shul Goer No 4: Kol Nefesh Masorti Synagogue" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 31 December 2018 .^ Rocker, Simon (1 June 2018). " . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 2 January 2018 . ^ a b c d Welch, Ben (7 June 2018). "St John's Wood: A rich seam of Jewish life little more than a six-hit from Lord's" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 31 December 2018 . ^ "Secret Shul-Goer No 9: Edgware Lubavitch" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 1 October 2018 .^ "Golders Green shul recruits new minister" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 2 January 2019 .^ a b "Two new shuls unanimously admitted to United Synagogue" . Jewish News . Retrieved 28 December 2018 .^ Rocker, Simon (16 June 2016). "How to prepare for primary applications" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 7 January 2019 . ^ "Growing North-West London congregation doubles its Shabbat provision" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 28 February 2019 .^ "Secret Shul-Goer No 13: Mill Hill United" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 2 January 2019 .^ a b c "Mosaic marks its first birthday" (Press release). Movement for Reform Judaism . 26 May 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2015 .^ "Secret Shul-Goer No 24: Muswell Hill Synagogue" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 2 January 2019 .^ Rocker, Simon (20 September 2018). "Long-serving rabbi to quit NW London community for new life in Israel" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 20 September 2018 . ^ Sugarman, Daniel (13 December 2018). "North London shul promotes from within for new rabbi" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 13 December 2018 . ^ "Secret Shul-Goer No 14: New London Synagogue" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 24 October 2018 .^ "New North London Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 24 December 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2019 .^ Kollrin, Lianne (13 September 2017). "Whetstone shul finds home" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 31 December 2018 . ^ "Beis Hamedrash Nishmas Yisroel" . JCR-UK . 6 January 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020 .^ Rocker, Simon (4 December 2015). "Hendon Adath finds a rabbi at last" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 1 August 2024 . ^ Rosenberg, Michelle (8 July 2024). "Northwood United merges with Ruislip and District United Synagogue" . Jewish News . Retrieved 8 July 2024 . ^ "Ohel David Eastern Synagogue" . JCR-UK . 20 October 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2018 .^ Kollrin, Lianne (14 May 2018). "Radiologist's family launch bid to fund her cancer treatment" . The Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 2 January 2019 . ^ "Palmers Green and Southgate Synagogue" . 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