Joe Nzingo Gqabi OLS (6 April 1929 – 31 July 1981) was a South African African National Congress activist who was the ANC's chief representative in Zimbabwe at the time of his assassination by the South African Defence Force in Harare (then Salisbury), Zimbabwe, in 1981.
Joe Gqabi | |
|---|---|
| Born | Joe Nzingo Gqabi 6 April 1929 Aliwal North, Eastern Cape, South Africa |
| Died | 31 July 1981 (aged 52) |
| Resting place | Aliwal North |
| Political party | |
| Awards |  Order of Luthuli (Silver) (OLS) |
Early life
editGqabi was born on 6 April 1929 in Aliwal North in what is now known as Joe Gqabi District Municipality.[1][2][3] His first language was Xhosa.
Political activity
editIn the 1950s Gqabi was a journalist for New Age,[4] during which time he was in frequent contact with ANC leader Walter Sisulu.[5] As a member of the South African Communist Party and UMkhonto we Sizwe he was sent for guerilla training in China in the early 1960s.[6] He was captured with 28 fellow members who were undergoing military training in Rhodesia and deported back to South Africa, where he was sentenced to two years' jail for leaving the country illegally and then ten years for crimes under the Sabotage Act, after which he was jailed at Robben Island.[7]
He rejoined the ANC after being released from jail in 1975.[8] In 1976 he became co-chairman, with Martin Ramokgadi, of the clandestine ANC organisation in Johannesburg, known as the Main Machinery.[9] During this time, the South African security services attempted to assassinate him by placing a bomb in his car, but it was discovered before it could detonate.[7] He was arrested again after the Soweto uprising (Oliver Tambo later asserted that he served as an intermediary between the ANC and the South African Students' Movement there)[10] but the police, with little evidence, were unable to make a case against him.[7] He was released in 1977, left for Botswana and then went to Zimbabwe after its independence in 1980.[7]
Death
editHe was assassinated by the South African Defence Force on 31 July 1981 in Ashdown Park, Salisbury (now Harare), Zimbabwe.[11][12] His body was repatriated to South Africa in 2004 and he was reburied in Aliwal North on 16 December 2004.[13][7]
Honours
editHe was posthumously awarded the Order of Luthuli in silver by the South African government. The Joe Gqabi District Municipality was named in his honour.[7]
Order of Luthuli (Silver) (OLS)
References
edit- ^ "South African History Online".
- ^ "Name Change". Joe Gqabi District Municipality.
The name of Ukhahlamba District Municipality changed on the 1st of February 2010 to Joe Gqabi District Municipality.
[permanent dead link] - ^ T. L. Marawu (Executive Mayor) (25 February 2010). "State of the District Address — Joe Gqabi DM" (PDF). Joe Gqabi District Municipality. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
Our people must be aware that we are changing the name of this municipality to Joe Gqabi District Municipality This takes place after the public consultation we have made in this regard. The public chose the name Joe Gqabi to honour the role played by this hero in fighting against apartheid.
[permanent dead link] - ^ "Joe Nzingo Gqabi". South African History Online. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
- ^ Sisulu, Elinor (2011). Walter & Albertina Sisulu: In Our Lifetime. New Africa Books. p. 398. ISBN 9780864866394.
- ^ Barrell, Howard (1992). "The Turn to the Masses: The African National Congress' Strategic Review of 1978-79" (PDF). Journal of Southern African Studies. 18 (1): 64–92. doi:10.1080/03057079208708306. JSTOR 2637182.
- ^ a b c d e f "Joe Nzingo Gqabi (1928 - 1981)". The Presidency. Republic of South Africa. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
- ^ Simpson, Thula (2011). "Military Combat Work: the Reconstitution of the ANC's Armed Underground, 1971–1976" (PDF). African Studies. 70 (1): 103–122. doi:10.1080/00020184.2011.557579. hdl:2263/17443. S2CID 144698190.
- ^ Simpson, Thula (2011). "Main Machinery: The ANC's Armed Underground in Johannesburg During the 1976 Soweto Uprising". African Studies. 70 (3): 415–436. doi:10.1080/00020184.2011.628801. S2CID 144422279.
- ^ Clements, Peter (27 July 2018). South Africa, 1948–94: from apartheid state to 'rainbow nation' for Edexcel. Access to History. ISBN 978-1510423466.
- ^ Badat, Saleem (2013). The Forgotten People: Political Banishment under Apartheid. BRILL. p. 24. ISBN 9789004247710.
- ^ Todd, Judith Garfield (2007). Through the Darkness: A Life in Zimbabwe. Zebra Press. p. 209. ISBN 9781770220027.
- ^ "The arms cache at Ascot Farm". The Standard. Zimbabwe. 25 July 2016.