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Joe Adonis

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Joseph Anthony Doto[1] (born Giuseppe Antonio Doto, Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe anˈtɔːnjo ˈdɔːto]; November 22, 1902 – November 26, 1971), known as Joe Adonis, was an Italian-American mobster who was an important participant in the formation of the modern Cosa Nostra crime families in New York City and the National Crime Syndicate. Doto became a powerful caporegime in the Luciano crime family.[2]

Joseph Adonis
Adonis' mugshot (1937)
Born
Giuseppe Antonio Doto

(1902-11-22)November 22, 1902
Montemarano, Campania, Kingdom of Italy
DiedNovember 26, 1971(1971-11-26) (aged 69)
Ancona, Marche, Italy
Resting placeMadonna Cemetery, Fort Lee, New Jersey, U.S.
NationalityItalian
Other namesJoey A.
Joey Adonis
Joe Adone
Joe Arosa
James Arosa
Joe DeMio
OccupationMobster
Spouse
Jean Montemorano
​
(m. 1932)​
Children4
AllegianceGenovese crime family
Conviction(s)Illegal gambling (1951)
Criminal penalty2 to 3 years' imprisonment

Early life

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Adonis was born Giuseppe Antonio Doto on November 22, 1902, in the small town of Montemarano, Province of Avellino, Italy, to Michele Doto and Maria De Vito. He had three brothers, Antonio, Ettore and Genesio Doto.[3][4]

In 1909, Adonis and his family immigrated to the United States, in New York City.[4] As a young man, Adonis supported himself by stealing and picking pockets. While working on the streets, Adonis became friends with future mob boss Charles "Lucky" Luciano and mobster Settimo Accardi, who were involved in illegal gambling. Adonis developed a loyalty to Luciano that lasted for decades.

At the beginning of Prohibition, Luciano, Adonis, Meyer Lansky and Bugsy Siegel started a bootlegging operation in Brooklyn. This operation soon began supplying large amounts of alcohol to the show business community along Broadway in Manhattan. Doto soon assumed the role of a gentleman bootlegger, socializing with the theater elite.

In the early 1920s, Doto started calling himself "Joe Adonis" (Adonis was the Greek god of beauty and desire). It is uncertain as to what inspired his nickname. One story states that Adonis received this nickname from a Ziegfeld Follies chorus girl who was dating him.[5] Another story says that Adonis adopted the name after reading a magazine article on Greek mythology.

Extremely vain, Adonis spent a great deal of time in personal grooming. On one occasion, Lucky Luciano saw Adonis combing his thick, dark hair in front of a mirror and asked him, "Who do you think you are, Rudolph Valentino?" Adonis replied, "For looks, that guy's a bum!".[6] Adonis was a cousin of Luciano crime family capo Alan Bono, who supervised Adonis's operations in Greenwich Village, Manhattan.

Adonis married Jean Montemorano,[7] and he had four children; Joseph Michael Doto, Jr., Maria Dolores Olmo, Ann Marie Arietta, and Elizabeth Doto.[8][9] His son Joseph Doto, Jr., became a made member of the Genovese family and operated criminal rackets in Bergen county, New Jersey.[10][11]

Castellammarese War

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In the 1920s, Adonis became an enforcer for Frankie Yale, the boss of some rackets in Brooklyn. While working for Yale, Adonis briefly met future Chicago Outfit boss Al Capone, who was also working for Yale. Meanwhile, Luciano became an enforcer for Giuseppe "Joe the Boss" Masseria.

Masseria soon became embroiled in the vicious Castellammarese War with his archrival, Salvatore Maranzano. Maranzano represented the Sicilian clans, most of which came from Castellammare del Golfo, Sicily. As the war progressed, both bosses started recruiting more soldiers. By 1930, Adonis had joined the Masseria faction. As the war turned against Masseria, Luciano secretly contacted Maranzano about switching sides. When Masseria heard about Luciano's betrayal, he approached Adonis about killing Luciano. However, Adonis instead warned Luciano about the murder plot.[12]

On April 15, 1931, Adonis allegedly participated in Masseria's murder. Luciano had lured Masseria to a meeting at a Coney Island, Brooklyn, restaurant. During the meal, Luciano excused himself to go to the restroom. As soon as Luciano was gone, Adonis, Vito Genovese, Albert Anastasia, and Bugsy Siegel rushed into the dining room and shot Masseria to death.[13] No one was ever indicted in the Masseria murder.

With the death of Masseria, the war ended, and Maranzano was the victor. To avoid any future wars, Maranzano reorganized all the Italian American gangs into the Five Families and anointed himself as capo di tutti capi ("boss of all bosses"). Luciano and his loyalists quickly became dissatisfied with Maranzano's power grab. When Luciano discovered that the suspicious Maranzano had ordered his murder, Luciano struck first. On September 10, 1931, several gunmen attacked and killed Maranzano in his Manhattan office.[14]

Criminal empire

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Adonis and Luciano soon controlled bootlegging in Broadway and Midtown Manhattan. At its height, the operation grossed $12 million in one year and employed 100 workers.[15] Adonis also bought car dealerships in New Jersey. When customers bought cars from his dealerships, the salesmen would intimidate them into buying "protection insurance" for the vehicle. Adonis soon moved into cigarette distribution, buying up vending machines by the hundreds and stocking them with stolen cigarettes. Adonis ran his criminal empire from Joe's Italian Kitchen, a restaurant that he owned in Brooklyn. By 1932, Adonis was also a major criminal power in Brooklyn. Despite his wealth, Adonis still participated in jewelry robberies, a throwback to his early criminal career on the streets.

In 1932, Adonis allegedly participated in the kidnapping and brutal beating in Brooklyn of Isidore Juffe and Issac Wapinsky. In 1931, Adonis had lent the two men money for investment and kidnapped them in 1932 after deciding that he should be receiving a higher profit. Two days after the kidnappings, Adonis released Juffe and Wapinsky after receiving a $5,000 ransom payment. A month later, Wapinsky died of internal injuries from being assaulted.[16][17]

Adonis placed many politicians and high-ranking police officers on his payroll. Adonis used his political influence to assist members of the Luciano crime family, such as Luciano and Genovese, and mob associates such as Meyer Lansky and Louis "Lepke" Buchalter, the head of Murder, Inc.

As a syndicate board member, Adonis, along with Buchalter, may have been responsible for assigning some murder contracts to Murder Inc.

Government scrutiny

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In 1936, prosecutors convicted Luciano on pandering charges and sent him to state prison for 30 years. Underboss Vito Genovese remained in charge of the family until he fled to Italy in 1937 to avoid a murder prosecution. Luciano now left Frank Costello, an Adonis ally, in charge of the Luciano family and Adonis in charge of the Syndicate.

On April 27, 1940, Adonis was indicted in Brooklyn on charges of kidnapping, extortion, and assault in the 1932 Juffe/Wapinsky case.[16] However, on February 24, 1941, the prosecutor requested a dismissal for lack of evidence.[17]

In the 1940s, Adonis moved his gambling rackets to New Jersey. New York City Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia's campaign against illegal gambling had made it too difficult to do business in New York. Adonis also moved his family to a luxurious house in Fort Lee, New Jersey. Adonis set up a casino in Lodi, New Jersey, and provided limousine service there from New York City.[18] During the same period, Adonis became partners with Meyer Lansky in an illegal casino in Hallandale Beach, Florida.[19]

On February 10, 1946, after being escorted from prison to a ship in Brooklyn harbor, Luciano was deported to Italy.[20] In December 1946, Adonis and Luciano met at the famous Havana Conference of US organized crime bosses in Cuba. It was Luciano's goal at the conference to regain his mob influence, using Cuba as a base. Being a loyal supporter, Adonis willingly agreed to turn over his power in the syndicate to Luciano. However, the US government soon discovered Luciano's presence in Havana and pressured the Cuban government to expel him. On February 24, 1947, Luciano was placed on a ship by Cuban authorities for deportation back to Italy.[21]

On December 12, 1950, Adonis was summoned before the US Senate Kefauver Commission on organized crime. Adonis repeatedly refused to testify, citing his right against self-incrimination under the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.[22] Although Adonis escaped contempt charges, he suffered undesirable national exposure as a mobster.

In late May 1951, Adonis and several associates pleaded no contest to charges of operating three gambling rooms in Lodi, New Jersey, and Fort Lee, New Jersey. On May 28, 1951, Adonis was sentenced in Hackensack, New Jersey, to two to three years in state prison.[23]

Deportation and death

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On August 6, 1953, at a hearing in Adonis's prison, the US Department of Justice ordered Adonis's deportation to Italy. The government claimed that Adonis was an illegal alien. Adonis fought deportation, claiming that he was a native-born American citizen.[24] On August 9, 1953, Adonis was released from prison in New Jersey.[4]

On January 3, 1956, Adonis voluntarily left New York City on an ocean liner for Naples, Italy. His wife and children stayed behind in New Jersey.[25]

Once in Italy, Adonis moved into a luxurious apartment in the center of Milan. Adonis may have met with Luciano in Naples, but there is no proof of it. Over time, the financially struggling Luciano grew angry at the wealthy Adonis for not helping him.[26] On January 26, 1962, Luciano died of a heart attack in Naples at age 64.[27] Adonis attended the funeral service in Naples, bringing a huge floral wreath with the words, "So Long, Pal".[28]

In June 1971, the Italian government forced Adonis to leave his Milan residence and move to Serra de' Conti, a small town near the Adriatic Sea. Adonis was one of 115 suspected mobsters relocated to Serra de' Conti after the assassination in May of Pietro Scaglione, the public prosecutor of Palermo, Sicily.[29] In late November 1971, Italian police forces transported Adonis to a small hillside shack near Ancona, Italy, for interrogation. During the lengthy questioning and some abusive treatment, Adonis suffered a heart attack.[3] He was taken to a regional hospital in Ancona, where he died several days later on November 26, 1971.

Burial

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The U.S. government allowed Adonis's family to bring his body back to the United States for burial. Adonis' funeral Mass was held at the Church of the Epiphany in Cliffside Park, New Jersey, attended only by his immediate family.[8] He is buried in Madonna Cemetery in Fort Lee, New Jersey under his family name of Joseph Antonio Doto.[30]

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References

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  1. ^ "LIVING IN BERGEN". Star Tribune. December 5, 1951. Retrieved March 19, 2020 – via Newspaper.com. Joseph Anthony Doto, called Joe Adonis.
  2. ^ Vincent, E. Duke (December 13, 2008). Mafia Summer A Novel. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. X. ISBN 9781596919273. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Joe Adonis, Underworld Gambling King, Dies". The New York Times. November 27, 1971. Retrieved March 19, 2020. ANCONA, Italy, Nov. 26—Giuseppe Antonio Doto, also known as Joe Adonis, once a leader of the United States underworld, died here this afternoon. He was 69 years old. [...] He was born at Montemarano near Avellino, east of Naples, on Nov. 22, 1902, and his parents soon afterwards took him to the United States.(subscription required)
  4. ^ a b c Wright, George Cable (June 3, 1953). "ADONIS BIRTH DATA PRODUCED BY U. S.; Documents Purporting to Show Racketeer Was Born in Italy Entered at Deportation Trial". The New York Times. Retrieved March 19, 2020.(subscription required)
  5. ^ Lewin, Sam (1969). How to Win at the Races. p. 50. ISBN 0-87980-244-8.
  6. ^ Chiocca, Olindo Romeo (2000). Mobsters and Thugs: Quotes from the Underworld. Toronto: Guernica. p. 59. ISBN 1-55071-104-0. Joe Adonis.
  7. ^ "Joe Adonis' marriage certificate". Archived from the original on March 19, 2020. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
  8. ^ a b Markham, James M. (December 7, 1971). "Other Members of Mafia Miss Funeral Services for Adonis". The New York Times. Retrieved March 19, 2020. FORT LEE, N. J., Dec. 6— Giuseppe Antonio Doto, known in life as Jpe Adonis, was bUried here today, accompanied to the wind‐chilled Madonna Roman Catholic Cemetery by members of his immediate family. [...] Newsmen principally trailed Adonis's wife, Joan, and the four Adonis children, Joseph, 38, Mrs. Dolores Maria Olmo, 32, Mrs. Anna Arietta, 21, and Elizabeth Doto,(subscription required)
  9. ^ "La Cosa Nostra". Lacndb.com. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  10. ^ United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary (1983). Organized Crime in America Hearings Before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, First Session, on Organized Crime in America. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 231. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  11. ^ United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations (1984). Waterfront Corruption Report. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 99. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  12. ^ Reppetto, Thomas (2004). American Mafia: a history of its rise to power (1st ed.). New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 137. ISBN 0-8050-7210-1. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
  13. ^ Davis, John H. (1994). Mafia dynasty: the rise and fall of the Gambino crime family (1st Harper paperbacks ed.). New York: HarperPaperbacks. p. 40. ISBN 0-06-109184-7. Retrieved March 19, 2020. Albert Anastasia.
  14. ^ Newark, Tim (2010). Lucky Luciano: the real and the fake gangster (1st ed.). New York: Thomas Dunne Books. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-312-60182-9. Retrieved March 19, 2020. adonis luciano.
  15. ^ Sifkakis, Carl (2005). The Mafia encyclopedia (3rd ed.). New York: Facts on File. p. 50. ISBN 0-8160-5694-3.
  16. ^ a b "Adonis is Indicted on Kidnap Charge; Aide Under Arrest". The New York Times. May 6, 1940. Retrieved March 19, 2020.(subscription required)
  17. ^ a b "AMEN GETS DISMISSAL OF ADONIS INDICTMENT; Freeing of Gasberg on Same Evidence Cause of Action". The New York Times. February 25, 1941. Retrieved March 19, 2020.(subscription required)
  18. ^ Blackwell, Jon (2007). Notorious New Jersey: 100 true tales of murders and mobsters, scandals and scoundrels. Piscataway, N.J.: Rivergate. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-8135-4177-8.
  19. ^ Kelley, Kitty (1983). His Way: The Unauthorized Biography of Frank Sinatra (Bantam Books Trade Paperbacks ed.). New York: Bantam Books Trade Paperbacks. p. 136. ISBN 0-553-38618-2. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
  20. ^ "PARDONED LUCIANO ON HIS WAY TO ITALY". The New York Times. February 11, 1946. Retrieved March 19, 2020.(subscription required)
  21. ^ "CUBA WILL DEPORT LUCIANO TO ITALY". The New York Times. February 25, 1947. Retrieved March 19, 2020.(subscription required)
  22. ^ Hinton, Harold B. (December 13, 1950). "JOE ADONIS DEFIES SENATE CRIME UNIT; TESTIFIES AT HEARING". The New York Times. Retrieved March 19, 2020.(subscription required)
  23. ^ "Adonis, 3 Aides Get Terms of 2 to 3 Years; ADONIS, 3 AIDES GET 2-T0-3-YEAR TERMS". The New York Times. May 29, 1951. Retrieved March 19, 2020.(subscription required)
  24. ^ "U. S. ORDERS ADONIS DEPORTED TO ITALY; Quick Ouster of Racketeer Is Foreseen, Though He Must First Face Other Charges U. S. ORDERS ADONIS DEPORTED TO ITALY". The New York Times. August 6, 1953. Retrieved March 19, 2020.(subscription required)
  25. ^ "JOE ADONIS QUITS U.S. VOLUNTARILY; Racketeer Sails for Italy to Avoid Jail Term and Eventual Deportation. Calls Departure 'a Must'". The New York Times. January 4, 1956. Retrieved March 19, 2020.(subscription required)
  26. ^ Newark, Tim (2010). Lucky Luciano: The Real and the Fake Gangster (1st ed.). New York: Thomas Dunne Books. p. 246. ISBN 978-0-312-60182-9.(subscription required)
  27. ^ "Luciano Dies at 65; Was Facing Arrest; Lucky Luciano Is Dead at 65; Was Facing Arrest in Naples". The New York Times. January 27, 1962. Retrieved March 19, 2020.(subscription required)
  28. ^ Sifkakis, Carl (2005). The Mafia encyclopedia (3rd ed.). New York: Facts on File. p. 4. ISBN 0-8160-5694-3. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
  29. ^ "Joe Adonis Is Near Death After Pulmonary Collapse". The New York Times. November 24, 1971. Retrieved March 19, 2020. ANCONA, Italy, Nov. 23 (Reuters)—Joe Adonis, said to have been a king of the American underworld, suffered pulmonary collapse tonight and is close to death, according to hospital sources.(subscription required)
  30. ^ Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More than 14000 Famous Persons, Scott Wilson
  31. ^ James Purcell at IMDb
  32. ^ Lansky (TV Movie 1999) at IMDb  
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