The 2008 Skierlik shooting occurred on 14 January 2008, when a Johan Nel, an 18-year-old Afrikaner, opened fire in Skierlik, an informal settlement in North West, South Africa, killing 4 people, including a 3-month-old baby, and injuring 8 in a racially motivated attack; every victim of the shooting was black. The perpetrator shouted racial expletives during the shooting. He was eventually arrested after attempting to seek refuge at a nearby farm.
| 2008 Skierlik shooting | |
|---|---|
  Skierlik Skierlik (North West (South African province))  Skierlik Skierlik (South Africa) | |
| Location | Skierlik, North West, South Africa |
| Coordinates | 25°37′51″S 26°58′02″E / 25.6308°S 26.9672°E |
| Date | 14 January 2008 |
| Target | Black people |
Attack type | Mass shooting |
| Weapon | .303 BSA bolt-action rifle |
| Deaths | 4 |
| Injured | 8 |
| Perpetrator | Johan Nel |
| Motive | Racism, possibly revenge for farm attacks |
| Convictions |
|
Nel believed that white people were "under attack"; he was noted to have an interest in farm attacks and had browsed several far-right websites. At the time of the shooting, he was awaiting sentencing for a 2003 shooting and paralyzing of a black man who had allegedly attacked him. The attack received much press interest and fueled the debate on reconciliation in South Africa. Following the attack, in November 2008, he was sentenced to 4 life sentences and 68 years in prison.
Background
editSkierlik (sometimes incorrectly spelled Skielik[1]) is an informal settlement and squatter camp, or slum, near Swartruggens in the Kgetleng Local Municipality in North West, South Africa.[2][3][4] Such slums are common in South Africa due to historical distribution of land being unequal between races.[3] Farming areas in Swartruggens and neighboring areas are overwhelmingly white.[5]
Perpetrator
editJozef Johannes "Johan" Nel,[6][7] an 18-year-old Afrikaner, was the perpetrator of the shooting.[8] The younger of two sons, his mother was a qualified teacher while his father was a farmer.[9] Johan was living and had been working at his family's chicken farm.[9] He attended public school for some time but was later homeschooled.[10][9] According to his lawyer, Nel never learned to socialize, particularly with black people.[10][11] Nel's social life was described in court as poor and isolated out of his own volition.[12]
Nel's older brother was attacked at their farmhouse in May 2001 at the age of 15 while the rest of his family was at church.[13][12] His brother chased off the robbers with a revolver, but the robbers told his brother they would return and kill everyone in the family, and then attack another farm in the area.[14] According to his mother, this traumatized the then 11-year-old Nel.[14][15] On 17 July 2003, at the age of 13, Nel shot and paralyzed a black man who had allegedly attacked him while cutting grass at the farm.[13][12] Family and friends claimed the shooting was in self-defense, and that he had been attacked by the man with a sickle.[14][15] Nel was convicted of recklessly discharging a firearm.[13][16] The sentencing for that case had been provisionally suspended until 2008, as Nel was a minor at the time.[13][12] After the shooting, his mother expressed regret she did not get him counseling, as he was "already hysterical" after his first arrest and the attack on his brother.[14] He only attended one session of his court ordered rehabilitation after the first shooting.[17]
A family friend of Nel claimed that he had a "definite interest" in farm attacks, which depressed him.[15] Nel believed white people were "under attack".[16][18][3] Nel and his brother were members of the local gun club for recreational purposes.[15] He had browsed numerous far-right websites.[19] The week before the shooting, his girlfriend broke up with him, saying that she thought he was "boring and uninteresting".[10] The day before the shooting, Nel visited with his family friends, who had recently suffered a gas attack and robbery on their farm. Upon hearing this and seeing another farm attack mentioned on the news, Nel became physically ill and visibly distressed, and left the room.[14][15]
Shooting
editOn 14 January 2008, Nel, in his father's Toyota, drove to the Skierlik settlement and parked next to the main road. He then walked to Skierlik and opened fire with a .303 BSA bolt-action rifle, shooting anyone he saw, walking down a dirt road.[20][21][4] He was wearing camouflage fatigues and carrying 125 rounds of ammunition.[21][4] Nel shouted racist abuse while shooting, repeatedly yelling "kaffirs" (a slur for black people), and shouting in Afrikaans: "Come out, you kaffirs. I want to kill you, you black assholes."[10][3] Residents went for cover and tried to flee.[21]
After firing more than 100 rounds Nel requested additional ammunition from a local farmer. After the farmer refused, Nel shot his ostrich.[21][22] He then approached two other farmers and discussed with them what he had done.[22]
Four people were killed and eight were injured, three critically.[13][3] Three others were shot at, and about 100 shots were fired in total.[8][22] The dead included a 3-month-old baby.[23] Another victim was a 10-year-old grade five student.[24] All of the victims were black.[23] Nel was arrested some time afterwards after attempting to seek shelter at a nearby farm, when the owner took him to the local police station and he turned himself in.[21]
Aftermath
editThe shooting, and particularly its social consequences, dominated the headlines for several months after the shooting, fueling tensions in the discussion on South African race relations. The white people living in Swartruggens were blamed for the attack, viewed in the aftermath as resisting the attempts to reconcile.[3] The town itself was subject to national media attention after the attack.[25] Nel was sent to Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital to be assessed where he spent a month.[21][22] After the shooting, protests broke out involving thousands of people. During these protests the controversial "Kill the Boer" slogan was chanted.[18][23] One local resident said in response: "Comrades, there is no killing of the farmer and no killing of the boer. We kill the killer."[23] Riot police were called to control the crowd, after they broke down the main gate to the courthouse.[26][24] A memorial service for the victims was held in the week after the shooting, which over 600 mourners and others attended.[24]
Vuyisile Mpofu, a retired policeman who had worked with Nel's father, said Nel had previously treated black people with respect and said his family were not racist.[23] Townspeople described his family as "‘God-fearing' ordinary people, with no known right-wing connections or inclinations".[15] A family friend of the Nels expressed distress over the racial polarization in the town after the shooting, saying "What the suspect did was wrong, just as farm murders are wrong, but the racial divisions that are now being fired by politicians, are very dangerous".[15] Wilhelm Rocher, the security chairperson of the Transvaal Agricultural Union, described Nel as a "ticking timb bomb", saying the shooting was "an alarm clock that has gone off that warns us that our youth are being exposed to horrific scenarios as a result of crime."[15]
AfriForum condemned the incident and sent condolences to the families of the victims.[27] Kallie Kriel of AfriForum disputed that it was purely racially motivated, saying "It is unfortunate that the people are being incited by race. There should be no double standards. Politicians did not react when Frans Pieterse was killed by a black man in Swartruggens. We condemn all murders strongly"; he lodged a complaint with the human rights commission that hate speech increased racial tensions.[28] AfriForum reframed the event as being outside of the rural history of racism in the country.[29] The Democratic Alliance in the North West said it "regretted the killings", and a DA counsellor in the area stated "We feel very, very sorry about this", and that the community, whether white or black, should "accept the decisions of the court."[23] In the wake of the shooting, Skierlik's occupants were relocated to nearby Mazista and provided with housing.[8]
Legal proceedings
editThe case was moved to high court due to the severity of the charges.[22] The court only spoke in Afrikaans, when they were meant to speak in two languages so more people could understand in court, leading the relatives of some of the victims to say the proceedings were racially biased.[23] Nel's father was charged for negligent handling of a firearm, as his gun, used in the shooting, was not locked in a safe as required by law.[16] During the court proceedings Nel gave photographers thumbs up and grinned at the relatives of the victims.[21]
The judge presiding over the case, Ronald Hendricks, commented that racism could not be tolerated.[3][30] The judge received death threats during the hearings, resulting in a legal investigation being opened over intimidation, and said racism cannot be tolerated.[31][32] The court refused to hear of any "compelling circumstances" relating to the crime.[11] Nel was declared mentally competent.[11] The doctors who examined him stated to the court that Nel had features of avoidant, suspicious, and compulsive personality disorders, as well as depression and an anxiety disorder.[33] They said he expressed no deep remorse for his actions, and described him as emotionally dead and emotionally numb.[34] Nel claimed he could not remember committing the shooting, and admitted "it was wrong to kill".[10]
Nel was declared mentally fit to stand trial 14 April.[35] He faced four charges of murder, 11 of attempted murder, and one charge each of possession of an unlicensed firearm, damaging property, and possessing ammunition. The charge of property damage (relating to the ostrich) was dropped.[2][22] He pleaded guilty to all charges 17 November 2008.[2] Nel was sentenced to 4 life terms and 68 years in prison; a life term for each of the four murder counts, and seven years for each of eight attempted murder charges,[11][31] in addition to five years for possession of a firearm and three for ammunition.[36] He showed no emotion as he was sentenced, with Hendricks saying that he had not shown genuine remorse.[18][30] The Young Communist League "welcomed the sentence".[18]
Legacy
editAfter the shooting, the location of the shooting became often referred to as just "Johan Nel".[37] In 2012, Nel's family said they would Skierlik in an attempt at reconciliation.[38] In 2013, five years after the shooting, the local government held a commemoration week in Swartruggens as well as Koster and Derby, beginning 14 January.[36][4] An Anti-Racism Summit was held at Swartruggens Hoërskool; the week began with visits to the gravesites of the victims and several community performances. The event was to encourage reconciliation, with the mayor noting it was initially difficult to get the white people in the area to attend.[4] The victims' families received government funding.[36]
One of the survivors of the shooting, Alex Ndlovu, said that he could not forgive, saying that: "I was shot and could have easily been killed. A three-month-old baby and her mother were killed, and for what? I find it very difficult to forgive someone who went out to kill us for no reason at all."[4] The victims and survivors of the shooting refused to attend a memorial service held in their honor in 2014, saying the municipality had short-charged them after the shooting.[39] The President of South Africa, Cyril Ramaphosa, discussed the shooting in 2022, saying: "The hurt of what took place in Skierlik, here 14 years ago, still cuts deep. It still hurts. People still remember, people still have it embedded in their memory. It was a stark reminder to us all that racism did not die when apartheid fell."[40]
Nel got married while in prison in 2012. One of the relatives of the victims wished their marriage well, while another was upset that Nel was allowed such freedom in prison, saying a black person in a similar situation would not have been afforded the same rights.[41] A theatre play, titled Skierlik, was made based on the shooting. It won the Best Production award at the Baxter Theatre's Zabalaza Festival in 2013.[42]
See also
edit- 1999 Tempe military base shooting, racially motivated shooting against white people
- Strijdom Square massacre
References
edit- ^ "Tense mood in Swartruggens". News24. 12 February 2008. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ a b c "Skierlik Murder Accused Johan Nel Pleads Guilty". SowetanLIVE. 18 November 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g Pillay & Durrheim 2014, p. 53.
- ^ a b c d e f Waal, Mandy De (15 January 2013). "Analysis: Measuring racial hatred, one murder at a time". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ Pillay & Durrheim 2014, p. 60.
- ^ NWHC 2008, p. 1.
- ^ South African Human Rights Commission Equality Report: Commentaries on Equality: Race, Gender, Disability and LGBTI Issues (PDF) (Report). South African Human Rights Commission. 2012. pp. 11–14. ISBN 978-0-621-40805-8.
- ^ a b c Tshehle, Boitumelo (16 January 2012). "Hate crime remembered". SowetanLIVE. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ a b c NWHC 2008, p. 2.
- ^ a b c d e Molefe, Elisha (19 November 2008). "blood-curdling shouts from frenzied killer". SowetanLIVE. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ a b c d Krajnak, Deb (21 November 2008). "South African teen gets 4 life terms for racist murders". CNN World. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ a b c d NWHC 2008, p. 3.
- ^ a b c d e Mouton, Carla; du Plessis, Leané (16 January 2008). "Skielik: Teen has gun history". News24. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Mouton, Carla (17 January 2008). "'Mom, something just snapped'". News24. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Groenewald, Yolandi; Donnelly, Lynley (17 January 2008). "Sudden death in Skielik". The Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ a b c "Skierlik shooter's dad faces charge". The Mail & Guardian. 24 November 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ NWHC 2008, p. 11.
- ^ a b c d "SA racist killer gets life term". BBC News. 21 November 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ NWHC 2008, p. 7.
- ^ Berger, Sebastien (17 November 2008). "White teenage racist admits South Africa killing spree". The Telegraph. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g Swart, Werner (1 September 2009). "Skierlik accused's day in court". TimesLIVE. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f Swart, Werner (1 September 2009). "Skierlik suspect 'asked for more ammunition'". TimesLIVE. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g Lelliott, Judy; Denise, Williams (17 January 2008). "'Aikona! They're not racists'". News24. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ a b c "'I cannot trust anyone'". News24. 24 January 2008. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ Pillay & Durrheim 2014, p. 54.
- ^ "Shooting spree in black settlement ignites racial tensions". The Minnesota Daily. AP. 25 January 2008. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ Khoabane, Pinky (25 September 2011). "How does AfriForum fund its fight for narrow agenda?". TimesLIVE. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
- ^ Haupt 2012, p. 76.
- ^ Haupt 2012, p. 77.
- ^ a b "Judge gets 50 death threats before sentencing racist killer". Legalbrief Today. No. 2203. 24 November 2008. Archived from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ a b Berger, Sebastien (21 November 2008). "Racist teenager gets 169 years for killing spree". The Telegraph. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ "Rot in jail! – Skierlik shooter is sentenced". SowetanLIVE. 21 November 2008. Archived from the original on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
- ^ NWHC 2008, p. 12.
- ^ NWHC 2008, p. 16.
- ^ "Skierlik murder trial set to start". News24. 17 November 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ a b c Fouché, Lani (14 January 2013). "Skierlik massacre of 2008 to be commemorated". OFM. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ Smith, Janet (20 January 2016). "Hidden racist truths remain". IOL. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ "Family of Skierlik murderer seek reconciliation". SABC. 16 June 2012. Archived from the original on 24 January 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ Motumi, Mpiletso (15 January 2014). "Skierlik memorial shunned". IOL. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ Sefularo, Masechaba (21 March 2022). "'Racism did not die when apartheid fell,' says Ramaphosa on Human Rights Day". Eyewitness News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ Selebi, Mogomotsi (10 February 2012). "Killer Johan Nel weds in jail". TimesLIVE. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ Yiga, Eugene (10 June 2013). "Reliving a tragedy in Skierlik". Bizcommunity. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- Sources
- Haupt, Adam (2012). "Bok van Blerk, the University of the Free State and the red herring of race". Static: Race and Representation in Post-apartheid Music, Media and Film. HSRC Press. ISBN 978-0-7969-2386-8.
- Pillay, Suntosh; Durrheim, Kevin (1 January 2014). "A Disgraced Whiteness: Tactics Used to Deny Racism, Reduce Stigma, and Elicit Sympathy" (PDF). Diversities. 15 (2): 53–65. ISSN 2199-8108. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- Die Staat en Jozef Johannes Nel, 81/08 (North West High Court 21 November 2008).