John Biddle (United States Army officer)
Major General John Biddle (February 2, 1859 – January 18, 1936) was a career United States Army officer who became superintendent of the United States Military Academy.
John Biddle | |
|---|---|
 Major General John Biddle during World War I | |
| Born | February 2, 1859 Detroit, Michigan, United States |
| Died | January 18, 1936 (aged 76) San Antonio, Texas, United States |
| Buried | West Point Cemetery, West Point, New York, United States |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Service |  United States Army |
| Years of service | 1881–1920 |
| Rank |  Major General |
| Service number | 0-13130 |
| Unit |  Corps of Engineers |
| Commands | Superintendent of the United States Military Academy |
| Battles / wars | Spanish–American War Philippine–American War World War I |
| Awards | Army Distinguished Service Medal Silver Star |
| Alma mater | University of Michigan |
| Engineer Commissioner of the District of Columbia | |
| In office November 1, 1901 – May 2, 1907 [1] | |
| Preceded by | Lansing Hoskins Beach |
| Succeeded by | Jay J. Morrow |
Early life
editBiddle was born in Detroit, Michigan. His father was William Shepard Biddle (1830–1902) and mother was Susan Dayton Ogden (1831–1878). His Biddle family included many political and military leaders, including grandfather John Biddle (1792–1859) and great-grandfather Charles Biddle (1745–1821).[2] His maternal great-grandfather, Aaron Ogden, served as governor of New Jersey.[3] His maternal grandfather, Elias B. D. Ogden, served as associate justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court.[3]
His siblings were Dr. Andrew P. Biddle, First Lieutenant William S. Biddle Jr. and Eliza (Lily) Biddle, wife of Episcopal Bishop G. Mott Williams.[4]
Biddle was raised outside the United States until he was a teenager, and he attended schools in Geneva and Heidelberg. He then attended the University of Michigan for a year, where he became a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity,[5] but left to attend the United States Military Academy. He graduated in 1881, ranked second of 53.[6] His high class ranking earned him a second lieutenant's commission in the first choice of most top graduates, the Corps of Engineers.
Military career
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Biddle was commissioned an engineer. Biddle was in charge of river and harbor work at Nashville, Tennessee from 1891 to 1898. When the Spanish–American War broke out, he became Chief Engineer of Volunteers, serving in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines. He was awarded the Silver Star.[7] From 1901 to 1907 he was Engineer-Commissioner in charge of public works in Washington, D.C. Subsequently, he was in charge of river and harbor work in San Francisco from 1907 to 1911 and then served as an observer with the Austro-Hungarian Army on the Eastern Front from November 1914 to June 1915. He then was in charge of river and harbor improvements in Baltimore, Maryland. Biddle served as the superintendent of the US Military Academy at West Point from July 1916 to June 1917. When the United States entered World War I, he commanded a brigade of engineer regiments, then served as acting United States Army Chief of Staff in Washington while Chief of Staff Tasker Bliss was in London. In 1918 he was again sent overseas to take charge of American troops in Great Britain and Ireland.[6][8]
Death
editBiddle died in San Antonio, Texas after a long illness.[9] He was interred at the West Point Cemetery.[10]
His nephew William Shepard Biddle III (1900–1981), rose to be major general after commanding the 113th Cavalry Regiment in World War II,[11] and the 11th Constabulary Regiment in the German occupation.[12]
Awards and decorations
edit- United Kingdom
- Royal Victorian Order (commander) (1919)
- Order of the Bath (knight commander) (1918)
- United States
The citation for his Army DSM reads:
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Major General John Biddle, United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to the Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I. In command of American troops in England, by his tact and diplomacy in handling intricate problems, General Biddle made possible the successful transshipment of many thousands of men to France. To his executive ability and efficient handling, control, and dispatch of casual troops through England is largely due.[13]
References
edit- ^ "DCPL: MLK: Washingtoniana Division: FAQs: DC Commissioners". Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Owen Picton (May 2004). "Descendants of William Biddle III". Archived from the original on November 18, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
- ^ a b Wheeler, William Ogden (1907). The Ogden Family In America: Elizabethtown Branch. Philadelphia, PA: J.B. Lippincott. pp. 254–255 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Robert B. Ross and George B. Catlyn (1898). Landmarks of Detroit: A History of the City. p. 258.
- ^ fraternity records
- ^ a b "Col. Biddle To West Point". The New York Times. May 18, 1916. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
- ^ Venzon, Anne Cipriano (1995). The United States in the First World War. London: Routledge. pp. 85–86. ISBN 0-8153-3353-6.
- ^ "Col. Biddle Going To Front" (PDF). The New York Times. June 3, 1917. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
- ^ "Died. Major General John Biddle (retired)". Time. January 27, 1936. Archived from the original on December 15, 2008. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
- ^ "Biddle, John". Army Cemeteries Explorer. U.S. Army. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
- ^ Louis DiMarco, from text by James W. Cooke. "113th Cavalry Group". Retrieved March 16, 2011.
- ^ George F. Hofmann (October 2007). "Cold War Mounted Warriors: U.S. Constabulary in Occupied Germany". Armor Magazine. 116 (5). Fort Knox: 26–35. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
- ^ "Valor awards for John Biddle". Military Times.
Bibliography
edit- Davis, Henry Blaine Jr. (1998). Generals in Khaki. Raleigh, NC: Pentland Press. pp. 34–35. ISBN 1-57197-088-6.
External links
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