John George Howard

(Redirected from John Corby)

John George Howard (born John Corby; July 27, 1803 – February 3, 1890) was the official surveyor and civil engineer for the government of Toronto in Upper Canada and later Canada.[1] He was also the first professional architect in Toronto. He designed numerous public, commercial and residential buildings during the 19th century. In addition, he was the principal donor of High Park to the people of Toronto.

John George Howard
Portrait of Howard in 1875
Born
John Corby

July 27, 1803
Bengeo, Hertfordshire, England
DiedFebruary 3, 1890
Colborne Lodge, Toronto, Ontario
NationalityBritish
OccupationArchitect
PracticeWilliam Ford (1824–1832)
BuildingsColborne Lodge

Personal life

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The tomb of John and Jemima Howard near their home, Colborne Lodge
 
Gravestone of John and Jemima Howard

Born as John Corby in Bengeo, Hertfordshire, England, he was the fourth of seven children of John and Sarah Corby. He attended a boarding school in Hertford and spent two years at sea as a sailor before returning to England to become a carpenter and joiner.[2] In 1824, he entered the architecture profession, articling for three years with a London architect, William Ford, who became his brother-in-law by marrying his older sister in 1825. He remained with Ford until his departure for Upper Canada. In London, he married the 24-year-old Jemima Frances Meikle on May 7, 1827.[2]

In 1832, he met Mr. Cattermole of the Canada Land Company, leading to him immigrating to Upper Canada with his wife in 1832.[2] It was at this time that he adopted the Howard surname. He himself gave two explanations. On February 11, 1834, when his change of name was revealed in a court case, he wrote to Lieutenant Governor Sir John Colborne's secretary, explaining that he was illegitimate, that when he was about 18 he had adopted the name Corby after the man his mother had subsequently married, and that he had assumed his 'proper name' when he left England. Later in life, he claimed direct descent from Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, through a 17th-century Howard who had adopted the name Corby from the ancestral estate Corby Castle, because of a family quarrel.

Howard and his wife remained married until her death, although he also maintained a lifelong relationship with Mary Williams, with whom he had three children. Howard and his wife had no children together. In 1877, Jemima Howard died of cancer. Howard lived until 1890, dying at his home, Colborne Lodge, in High Park.[3]

The Howards are buried in High Park, and their cairn monument is near to Colborne Lodge. The monument was designed by Howard. The fence was brought from London, England. It dates to the 1700s and was formerly part of the fence around St Paul's Cathedral in London, which was designed by Christopher Wren. During its transport from England, the ship carrying the fence sank in the St. Lawrence River, and Howard arranged for the fence to be salvaged from the wreck.

Professional career

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Howard was an associate of William Ford from 1824 to 1832, with one notable engineering project working on the Cromford Canal in Derbyshire, England. He is also known to have worked for Mr. Grayson of St. Luke's, London, superintending work on Leeds Castle.[2]

When Howard arrived in Toronto (at that time still the town of York) in 1833, he was the first professional architect in the town. His first public appointment was as a teaching master at Upper Canada College (UCC), while developing an architectural practice. He remained affiliated with UCC until 1856. His practice thrived, with commissions ranging from cottages to banks to public projects, including Queen's College at Kingston, Ontario, and the Provincial Lunatic Asylum in Toronto (modeled on the National Gallery in London).[2]

 
John George Howard in front of the Toronto Court and Gaol (1835)

Howard started surveying work in 1836, and he became Toronto's official surveyor in 1843, a position he held until 1855. He surveyed Toronto Harbour, laid out the 'Esplanade' on the waterfront, and subdivided the harbour's peninsula (now known as Toronto Island). He also did surveying work for cemeteries and private land sub-divisions. In 1883, the Governor-General of Canada conferred upon him the dignity of "Royal Canadian Academician."[2]

In other endeavours, Howard was involved with the militia which put down William Lyon Mackenzie's 1837 rebellion. Howard is recorded as leading the scouting party which found the rebels' location on December 7, 1837. He would become a lieutenant the following year. In 1841, Howard received a license to practice as a public notary. In 1847, Howard was named president of a copper mine on Lake Huron. In 1848, Howard served as president and treasurer of the Toronto Society of Arts. In 1853, Howard was appointed a Justice of the Peace for a term of four years.[2]

Howard bought some land of his own, including the property now known as High Park, which he intended as a sheep farm. To the east of High Park, Howard owned Sunnyside Farm, on which he built Sunnyside Villa. It is now the site of St. Joseph's Health Centre. The area retains the nickname of 'Sunnyside'. In 1873, in return for a yearly pension of CA$1,200, Howard deeded 120 acres (49 ha) of his High Park property to the city as a public park.[2] The remaining 45 acres (18 ha) and Colborne Lodge became city property at his death.[2] Howard was appointed as forest ranger by the city in 1878, with responsibility for improving the park.

Notable projects

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Building Year Completed Style Location Image
Thomas Mercer Jones Villa
by Howard
1833 Regency Toronto, Ontario
William Henry Draper Villa
by Howard
1834 Regency Toronto, Ontario
Canada Company Office
built by Howard
1834 Regency Frederick Street between King and Front, Toronto, Ontario  
Colborne Lodge
by Howard
1837 Regency Colborne Lodge Drive, just north of the Queensway - High Park, Toronto, Ontario  
Home District Gaol
Howard, architect.
1837–1841 demolished 1887 Regency Southeast corner of Front and Berkeley Streets, Toronto, Ontario
James McDonell Store
built by Howard
1839 Regency Church Street, Toronto, Ontario
Chewett's Block
built by Howard
1833 (demolished 1946 and now Standard Life Centre)[4] Regency southeast corner of York Street and King Street, Toronto, Ontario  
William Hume Blake House "Woodlawn"
by Howard
1840–41 Regency 35 Woodlawn Avenue West, Toronto, Ontario
Victoria Row (later the Albany Club)
by Howard
1840–1842; altered 1860s Regency 91 King Street East at Church Street, Toronto, Ontario  
St. John's Church, York Mills
by Howard
1842–1843 Gothic 19 Don Ridge Road, North York, Ontario  
William Augustus Baldwin House "Mashquoteh"
by Howard
1850 Regency Avenue Road near Heath Street, Toronto, Ontario
Bank of British North America
built by Howard
1856 Regency Yonge and Wellington Streets, Toronto, Ontario  
Union Mills, Weston
built by Howard
1860s Regency Lawrence Avenue West and Weston Road (Side Line and High Street), Toronto, Ontario
Provincial Lunatic Asylum
built by Howard
1860 (demolished 1970s) Regency 999 Queen St, Toronto, Ontario  

Paintings by John George Howard

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References

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  1. ^ "John George Howard". Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. Retrieved October 17, 2008.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Ranger Howard Dead". Toronto Daily Mail. February 4, 1890. p. 8.
  3. ^ "JOHN AND JEMIMA HOWARD". City of Toronto. Retrieved October 17, 2008.
  4. ^ "The Chewetts and the Rossin House Hotel « Simcoe's Gentry: Toronto's Park Lots".
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