John Jacob Astor, 1st Baron Astor of Hever
Lieutenant-Colonel John Jacob Astor V, 1st Baron Astor of Hever, DL (20 May 1886 – 19 July 1971) was an American-born English newspaper proprietor, politician, sportsman, and military officer. He was a member of the Astor family.[1]
The Lord Astor of Hever | |
|---|---|
.jpg) John Jacob Astor V, 1st Baron Astor of Hever | |
| Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal | |
| In office 21 March 1956 – 19 July 1971 Hereditary Peerage | |
| Preceded by | Peerage created |
| Succeeded by | The 2nd Lord Astor of Hever |
| Member of Parliament for Dover | |
| In office 15 November 1922 – 15 June 1945 | |
| Preceded by | Sir Thomas Polson |
| Succeeded by | John Thomas |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 20 May 1886 Manhattan, New York City, U.S. |
| Died | 19 July 1971 (aged 85) Cannes, France |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Spouse | |
| Children |
|
| Parent(s) | William Waldorf Astor Mary Dahlgren Paul |
| Relatives | See Astor family |
| Alma mater | Eton College New College, Oxford |
Biography
editEarly life
editJohn Jacob Astor V was born in Manhattan, New York City in 1886, the fourth child of William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount Astor (1848–1919), and Mary Dahlgren Paul (1858–1894). He was five years old when his family left New York to live in England.[1] He was raised on an estate purchased by his father at Cliveden-on-Thames in Buckinghamshire. He was educated at Eton College and at New College, Oxford.[2] Astor was British Public Schools rackets champion in 1904–1905, spent a year at Oxford, and finally, in 1906, joined the 1st Life Guards.[3]
| Olympic medal record | ||
|---|---|---|
Representing the  United Kingdom
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| Men's rackets | ||
 |
1908 London | Men's doubles |
 |
1908 London | Men's singles |
Astor represented Great Britain in rackets at the 1908 Summer Olympics, winning the gold medal in the men's doubles competition together with Vane Pennell and winning bronze in the men's singles event.[4] In the same year he played singles and doubles in the British Army rackets championships.[3] He was then Aide-de-Camp to Baron Hardinge, Viceroy of India between 1911 and 1914 and was promoted Captain in 1913.[3]
First World War
editIn World War I, he was wounded while serving with his regiment at Messines in October 1914. After recovering, he returned to the Western Front, returning briefly to marry Lady Violet Mary Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound (28 May 1889 - 3 January 1965) on 28 August 1916. She was the third daughter of Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto and his wife, Lady Mary Caroline Grey. From her previous marriage to Major Lord Charles George Francis Mercer Nairne Petty-Fitzmaurice, who was killed in action at Ypres in 1914, Lady Violet had two children, Margaret and George.[5]
At the start of 1918, he was put in command of the 520 Household Siege Battery of the Royal Garrison Artillery, his bravery with that unit earning him the rank of Chevalier in France's Légion d'Honneur. In September that year, near Cambrai, his right leg was shattered by a shell and later amputated,[2] though he was still able to play and win against younger opponents at squash on a prosthetic limb.[2]
1919-1949
editUpon his father's death in 1919, Astor inherited Hever Castle, near Edenbridge, Kent, where he lived the life of an English country gentleman. He was promoted to Major in the Army in 1920.[3] In 1922, he purchased The Times newspaper following the death of its owner, Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe. He was a director of the Great Western Railway (1929-1946), Hambros Bank (1934-1960) and Barclays Bank (1942-1952).[citation needed] [6]
In addition to his directorships and newspaper business, John Jacob V served in politics as Alderman of the London County Council between 1922 and 1925 and in the Parliament of the United Kingdom for 23 years as Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) for Dover from 1922 to 1945. In March 1924, Astor caused the 1924 Dover by-election to be held after having voted before taking the oath of allegiance - doing so means an MP's seat is vacated "as if he were dead". He was returned unopposed just six days after losing his seat.[7] In 1926, he was made Lieutenant of the City of London, then held the offices of Justice of the Peace from 1929 and Deputy Lieutenant of Kent from 1936 until 1962.
In 1927, he was appointed Honorary Colonel of the Kent and Sussex Heavy Regiment, Royal Artillery, a post he held until 1946, then Honorary Colonel of the 23rd London Regiment in 1928, holding that post until 1949. During World War II, he also became Lieutenant-Colonel of the 5th Battalion, City of London Home Guard, a unit drawn from newspaper employees,[8] between 1940 and 1944.[3]
Middlesex Hospital
editJohn Astor was a great benefactor of the Middlesex Hospital, London W 1, both financially and in service given. He was a member of its Board of Governors for 40 years and the Board's chairman for 24 years. He also endowed the Chair of Physiology in 1920 and gave the money for the Nurses' Home in Foley Street, which survived the demolition of the Hospital. For many years, the name of the donor was unknown, but it was later named John Astor House in his honour. He gave money towards the Windeyer Building of the Medical School and Astor College, the medical students' residence.
1950s
editIn the 1950s, Astor became Chairman of Phoenix Insurance (1952-1958), having previously served as its vice-chairman (1941-1952). In 1953, he had The Times sponsor Edmund Hillary's expedition that made the first successful climb to the summit of Mount Everest and became the first chairman of the newly-established General Council of the Press, a post he held until resigning due to ill-health in April 1955.[9]
On 21 January 1956, he was created Baron Astor of Hever, of Hever Castle in the County of Kent,[10] taking his seat in the House of Lords on 21 March.[11] He remained chairman of The Times until 1959 when his son Gavin took over, seven years before it was sold to Canadian newspaper tycoon, Roy Thomson.
Death
editIn 1962, he moved from England to France. He died on 19 July 1971 in Cannes, France.[1] Selected artworks from the family's vast collection were bequeathed to the National Gallery including the prized "Thames below Westminster" by Claude Monet. John Jacob V and Violet are buried together on the grounds of Hever Castle, and his eldest son Gavin succeeded him as Baron.[12]
Issue
editLord and Lady Astor had three sons:[13]
- Gavin Astor, 2nd Baron Astor of Hever (1 June 1918 - 28 June 1984), married Lady Irene Haig, youngest daughter of Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig, and Dorothy Maud Vivian, and had five children including John Jacob "Johnny" Astor VIII.
- Lt Col Hugh Waldorf Astor (20 November 1920 - 7 June 1999) married Emily Lucy Kinloch, a niece of Diana Vreeland, and had five children.
- John Astor (26 September 1923 - 27 December 1987), married Diana Kathleen Drummond, a grandniece of Herbert Samuel Holt, and had three children.
Through his son Gavin Astor, 2nd Baron Astor of Hever, he is a great-grandfather of Harry Marcus George Lopes (b. 1977), who married Laura Rose Parker Bowles, the second child of Andrew Parker Bowles and Queen Camilla, thus making her the stepdaughter of King Charles III.[14]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Lord Astor of Hever Is Dead, Published The Times of London. American-Born Press Lord Headed Newspaper for 37 Years. Served in House of Commons 1922-1945". The New York Times. 20 July 1971. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
Lord Astor of Hever, former publisher of The Times of London, died today ...
- ^ a b c Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 2. Oxford University Press. 2004. p. 796. ISBN 0-19-861352-0.Article by Derek Wilson.
- ^ a b c d e Who Was Who, 1971-1980. A and C Black. 1982. p. 30. ISBN 0-7136-2176-1.
- ^ "John Jacob Astor". Olympedia. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
- ^ Burke's Peerage 2003[page needed]
- ^ "Some recollections by A.W. Tuke AND R.J.H Gillman" Barclays Bank Limited 1926-1969 (c) Barclays Bank Limited 1972 under appendix I (Directors of Barclays Bank Limited from 1896 to 1969, p.117. Printed in Great Britain at the University Press, Oxford by Vivian Ridler Printer to the University.
- ^ Michael Everett; Danielle Nash (26 February 2016). "The Parliamentary Oath (CBP7515)" (PDF). House of Commons Library.
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 2. p. 797.
- ^ The Press and the People. General Council of the Press. 1955. p. 2.
- ^ "No. 40692". The London Gazette. 24 January 1956. p. 499.
- ^ "Lord Astor of Hever (1956)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Lords. 21 March 1956.
- ^ "Lord Astor of Hever dies at age of 85". The Times. No. 58229. 20 July 1971. Retrieved 17 September 2024 – via The Times Digital Archive.
- ^ Burke's Peerage 1999, page 131
- ^ "Family tree of Harry Marcus George Lopes". Geneanet.
External links
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