John Meredith Read Jr. (February 21, 1837 – December 27, 1896) was a United States diplomat and author.
J. Meredith Read | |
|---|---|
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| U.S. Minister to Greece | |
| In office 1873–1879 | |
| Preceded by | John M. Francis |
| Succeeded by | Eugene Schuyler |
| Adjutant General of New York | |
| In office 1861–1861 | |
| Preceded by | Frederick Townsend |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Hillhouse, |
| Personal details | |
| Born | John Meredith Read Jr. February 21, 1837 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | December 27, 1896 (aged 59) Paris, France |
| Political party | Republican |
| Relations | John Read (grandfather) |
| Parent(s) | John M. Read Priscilla Marshall Read |
| Alma mater | Brown University Albany Law School |
| Signature | .png){kind=small} |
Early life
editRead was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on February 21, 1837. He was one of five children born to Priscilla (née Marshall) Read and John Meredith Read, Sr., a prominent Philadelphia jurist who served as Attorney General of Pennsylvania. After his mother's death in 1841, his father married Amelia Thompson in 1855.
His paternal grandfather was lawyer and banker John Read. His paternal great-grandfather George Read, a U.S. Senator from Delaware who was one of two statesmen who signed the original Petition to the King of the Congress of 1774, the Declaration of Independence, and the Constitution of the United States.
Read graduated from Albany Law School in 1859 and studied international law in Europe before admission to the bar in Philadelphia. He later graduated from Brown University, where he received the degree of A.M. in 1866.[1] While at Brown, he joined the fraternity Alpha Delta Phi.[2]
Career
editAfter becoming an attorney, Read moved to Albany, New York and became the Adjutant General of New York in 1861.[3] He was one of the originators of the "Wide-Awake" political clubs in 1860. In April 1860, he was chairman of the committee of three to draft a bill on behalf of New York, appropriating $300,000 to purchase of arms and equipment for the Civil War. Later, the War Department thanked him for his ability and zeal in organizing, equipping, and forwarding troops.
He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1867.[4]
Consul General for France and Germany
editRead was the first U. S. consul general for France and Algeria from 1869 to 1873 and from 1870 to 1872. He served as acting consul general for Germany during the Franco-Prussian War. His work representing German interests in Paris lasted several months after U.S. Minister to France, Elihu Washburne, stopped being the official representative of the German government in June 1871.[5] After the war, he was appointed by the French Minister of War, General Ernest Courtot de Cissey, to form and preside over a commission to examine into the desirability of teaching the English language to the French troops.
U.S. Minister to Greece
editIn November 1873, he was appointed U.S. Minister Resident in Greece.[6] One of his first acts was to secure the release of the American ship Armenia and to obtain from the Greek government revocation of the order that prohibited the sale of the Bible in Greece. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, he discovered that only one port in Russia was still open, and he pointed out to Secretary of State William M. Evarts the advantages that would accrue to the commerce of the United States were a grain fleet dispatched from New York City to that port. The event justified his judgment since the exports of cereals from the United States increased within a year to $73,000,000. While Chargé d'Affaires, he received the thanks of the U.S. Government for his effectual protection of persons and interests of the United States in the dangerous crisis of 1878. Soon afterward the United States Congress, from motives of economy, refused the appropriation for the legation at Athens, and Read, believing that the time was too critical to withdraw the mission, carried it on at his individual expense until his resignation on September 23, 1879.[7]
In 1886 after his resignation, the territory that had been adjudged to Greece had been finally transferred, King George I of Greece created him a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer, the highest dignity in the gift of the Greek government. After 1881, he continued residing in Paris.[5]
Writer
editRead was president of the social science congress at Albany in 1868, and vice president of the one at Plymouth, England, in 1872. He wrote Historical Enquiry concerning Henry Hudson, which discussed Hudson's origins, and the sources of the ideas that guided that navigator (Albany, 1866). Historic Studies in Vaud, Berne, and Savoy; from Roman Times to Voltaire, Rousseau and Gibbon was published in 1897.[8] He also made contributions to current literature, including Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography, published in 1892.[9]
Personal life
edit
On April 7, 1859, Read was married to Delphine Marie Pumpelly (1833–1902).[10] Her father was Harmon Pumpelly, president of the Albany Savings Bank, the Albany Insurance Company, and the Albany Gaslight Company. Her mother was a Delphine Drake Pumpelly, daughter of U.S. Representative John R. Drake of Owego, New York.[10] Together, they were the parents of four children:[11]
- Harmon Pumpelly Read (1860–1925),[12] a capitalist who married French-born Catherine Marguerite de Carron d'Allondons (1866–1940).[13]
- Emily Meredith Read (1863–1940),[14] who married Francis Aquila Stout, a great-grandson of signer Lewis Morris,[15] in 1884.[16] His sister, Sarah Morris Stout,[17][18] was the wife of Baron Ancelis de Vaugrigneuse of the French Embassy in Washington.[19] After his 1892 death, she married Edward Spencer, a descendant of one of the founders of Stockbridge, at the American Cathedral in Paris in June 1894.[20][21]
- John Meredith Read III (b. 1869), who married Countess Alix de Foras, a daughter of Count Amédée de Foras, the Grand Marshal of the Court of Bulgaria, in 1901.[22]
- Marie Delphine Meredith Read (b. 1873), who married Count Maximilien de Foras of Château de Thuyset, Thonon-les-Bains, Haute Savoie in 1895.[23] Count Max was the brother of Countess Alix de Foras.[24]
In 1892, the Reads gave a dinner in honor of the departing U.S. Minister Whitelaw Reid, at their home in Paris.[25] After a severe attack of bronchitis,[26] Read died in Paris on December 27, 1896.[27] He was buried at the Old Communal Cemetery at Saint-Germain-en-Laye.[28] His widow also died in Paris on May 29, 1902, and was buried in the same cemetery.[29]
References
edit- ^ This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
- ^ Catalogue of the Alpha Delta Phi Society. New York: Executive Council of the Alpha Delta Phi Fraterity. 1876. p. 58 – via Hathi Trust.
- ^ Hugo, Francis M., New York Secretary of State (1919). Manual for Use of the Legislature of the State of New York. Albany, NY: J. B. Lyon Company. pp. 464–465.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
- ^ a b Fuller, Joseph V. (1935). "Read, John Meredith, diplomat". Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
- ^ "Dinner to Gen. J. Meredith Read". The New York Times. November 18, 1874. p. 8. Retrieved May 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Our Late Minister to Greece.; an Athenian Tribute to Gen. J. Meredith Read". The New York Times. August 20, 1879. p. 3. Retrieved May 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Review of Historic Studies in Vaud, Berne, and Savoy from Roman times to Voltaire, Rousseau, and Gibbon by General Meredith Read". The Quarterly Review. 187: 177–208. January 1898.
- ^ Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1892). . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
- ^ a b HABS No. NY-5460, "Harmon Pumpelly House, 113 Front Street, Owego, Tioga County, NY", 11 photos, 13 data pages
- ^ "Read, Delphine Marie | Seward Family Digital Archive". sewardproject.org. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
- ^ "Major Harmon P. Read; Authority on Heraldry Dies at His Home in Albany". The New York Times. December 23, 1925. p. 19. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
- ^ "Mrs. Harmon P. Read". The New York Times. January 3, 1940. p. 22. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
- ^ "Mrs. Edwards Spencer; Daughter of Former Minister to Greece Had Estate in Lenox". The New York Times. April 30, 1940. p. O-27. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
- ^ Aitken, William Benford (1912). Distinguished Families in America, Descended from Wilhelmus Beekman and Jan Thomasse Van Dyke. Knickerbocker Press. p. 148. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
- ^ "A Wedding in Newport.; Marriage Of Francis Stout to Miss Emily Meredith Read". The New York Times. Newport, Rhode Island. August 22, 1884. p. 2. Retrieved May 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Baroness de Vaugrigneus". The New York Times. April 23, 1904. p. 9. Retrieved May 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Cry of Fraud in Fight Over Baroness's Will; J.H. Carpenter, Residuary Legatee, Charged with Undue Influence. Estate is Over $400,000 Contesting Cousins of Sarah Morris de Vaugrigneuse Oppose Carpenter as Temporary Administrator". The New York Times. August 4, 1904. p. 12. Retrieved May 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Americana: Volume 1, Issue 4. American Historical Company. 1906. p. 324. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
- ^ "Married: Spencer–Stout". The New York Times. June 26, 1894. p. 5. Retrieved May 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Social Register, New York. Social Register Association. 1894. p. 292. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
- ^ "John Meredith Read Married; Albany Man Weds Countess Alix de Foras at Rome". The New York Times. Albany, New York. April 1, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved May 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "American Marriage in Paris.; Delphine, Daughter of Gen. Read, Becomes Countess de Foras". The New York Times. Paris. November 6, 1895. p. 6. Retrieved May 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Count Max De Foras". The New York Times. July 6, 1937. p. 19. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
- ^ "In Minister Reid's Honor; a Farewell Dinner in Paris by Gen. Read". The New York Times. March 21, 1892. p. 2. Retrieved May 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Gen. Read Very Ill". The New York Times. Paris. December 25, 1896. p. 5. Retrieved May 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Died: Read". The New York Times. December 31, 1896. p. 5. Retrieved May 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "The Funeral of Gen. Read". The New York Times. Paris. January 1, 1897. p. 5. Retrieved May 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "The Late Mrs. D. M. P. Read; Widow of Col. John Meredith Read's Experiences in Momentous Periods of the World's History". The New York Times. June 1, 1902. p. 14. Retrieved May 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.