Lieutenant-General Sir John Spencer Ewart KCB (22 March 1861 – 19 September 1930) was a British Army officer who became Adjutant-General to the Forces, but was forced to resign over the Curragh Incident.[2]
Sir Spencer Ewart | |
|---|---|
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| Birth name | John Spencer Ewart |
| Born | 22 March 1861 Tatenhill, Staffordshire, England[1] |
| Died | 19 September 1930 (aged 69) Langholm, Dumfriesshire, Scotland |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Service |  British Army |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Commands | Scottish Command |
| Battles / wars | Battle of Tel el-Kebir Second Boer War First World War |
| Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath |
Early life and education
editEwart was born in Tatenhill near Burton-on-Trent into a distinguished Scottish family of military officers, the second son of General Sir John Alexander Ewart and Frances Stone. His father was aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria and a veteran of the Crimean War and Siege of Lucknow who lost his left arm at Cawnpore. His father was the son of Lieutenant-General John Frederick Ewart and grandson of diplomat Joseph Ewart and Sir Charles Brisbane. His uncles included Lieutenant-General Charles Brisbane Ewart and Vice-Admiral Charles Joseph Frederic Ewart, and his younger brother was Admiral Arthur Wartensleben Ewart.[2]
He was educated at Marlborough College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.[2]
Military career
editSpencer Ewart was commissioned into the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders in October 1881.[3][4]
He served with his regiment in Egypt and fought at the Battle of Tel el-Kebir in 1882.[5] He was also involved in the Nile Expedition in 1884 and served with the Sudan Frontier Field Force from 1885 to 1886.[3] He served as a staff officer in the Second Boer War in South Africa,[3] and returned to the United Kingdom after the end of that war in July 1902.[6] The Commander-in-Chief in South Africa, Lord Kitchener, wrote in a despatch in June 1902 how Ewart was "a Staff officer of considerable ability. He has rendered good service in connection with the distribution and movements of troops."[7] For his service he was created a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the October 1902 South Africa Honours list.[8]
After his return from South Africa, he was appointed Assistant Military Secretary and received the substantive rank of colonel on 15 October 1902.[9] In 1904 he was appointed as Military Secretary and in 1906 moved on to be Director of Military Operations at the War Office.[3] Churchill, President of the Board of Trade, was willing to help him with economic intelligence on Germany. However, in 1909 Ewart wrote in his private diary: “It is dreadful to think that we have such men in the Cabinet as Winston Churchill and Lloyd George. The one a half-bred American, the other a silly sentimental Celt.” He thought that they produced “Torrents of scurrilous and socialist oratory”.[10][11]
In 1910, Ewart was appointed Adjutant-General to the Forces. In March 1914, with the Ulster Protestants on the verge of armed rebellion against planned Irish Home Rule, he was one of those who drew up the proposals that officers with personal links to Ulster would be permitted to absent themselves from planned troop deployments into Ulster, but that other officers who refused to go would be dismissed. Although no direct orders had yet been issued, when told of the plans officers of Hubert Gough's cavalry brigade stationed at the Curragh Camp near Dublin threatened to resign their commissions or accept dismissal rather than obey (the Curragh Incident). Along with the Secretary of State for War J.E.B. Seely and the CIGS Sir John French (who had then promised Gough in writing that the Army would not be used against Ulster) Ewart was forced to resign, both for having helped to create the situation in which officers were allowed to discuss which hypothetical (but lawful) orders they would choose to obey, and for being involved with the subsequent promises made to Gough in London.[5] Ewart was also an Aide-de-Camp General to King George V from 1910 to 1914.[3]
Ewart was appointed General Officer Commanding Scottish Command in 1914, a post he held until 1918.[3] During the summer of 1915 Ewart was considered for command of the planned Suvla Bay Landings, which aimed to break the deadlock at Gallipoli. The Mediterranean Expeditionary Force commander, General Sir Ian Hamilton, rejected him for being too “stout of girth” to negotiate the front-line trenches which Hamilton had recently inspected, and for having had no direct contact with troops for fifteen years, despite Hamilton having urged him “as a friend” to do so for the sake of his career. The only other available general of appropriate seniority was Frederick Stopford, who was to prove inadequate for the task.[12][13]
Ewart retired from the army, after almost forty years of service, in 1920.[3]
Personal life
editIn 1891, Ewart married Susan Frances Platt, the daughter of Major George William Platt, formerly of Dunallan House, Bridge of Allan. They had one daughter, Marion Frances Ewart, who in 1919 married Captain Ian Munro of the Cameron Highlanders.[2]
He died at his seat, Craigeleuch, in Langholm, Dumfriesshire.[2]
References
edit- ^ 1911 England Census
- ^ a b c d e "Obituary: Lieut.-General Sir J. S. Ewart". The Times. 20 September 1930. p. 12.
- ^ a b c d e f g Sir John Spencer Ewart Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives
- ^ "No. 25029". The London Gazette. 21 October 1881. p. 5195.
- ^ a b Scots at War
- ^ "The Army in South Africa: Troops returning home". The Times. No. 36814. London. 8 July 1902. col c, p. 11.
- ^ "No. 27459". The London Gazette. 29 July 1902. pp. 4835–4836.
- ^ "No. 27490". The London Gazette. 31 October 1902. p. 6897.
- ^ "No. 27483". The London Gazette. 17 October 1902. p. 6569.
- ^ No specific date is given for this entry, but this was the period when these two ministers were attacking the House of Lords - Lloyd George in his Limehouse and Newcastle speeches, Churchill at Leicester - who had recently rejected the government's budget. Richard Toye uses the quote as an example of "Establishment" attitudes toward them.
- ^ Toye 2008, p.73
- ^ Cassar 1977, p.377
- ^ Lee 2001, p.190
Books
edit
- George, Cassar (1977). Kitchener: Architect of Victory. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-71830-335-0.
- John, Lee (2001) [2000]. A Soldier's Life: General Sir Ian Hamilton 1853 to 1947. Pan. ISBN 0-33048-400-1.
- Toye, Richard (2008). Lloyd George and Churchill: Rivals for Greatness. London: Pan Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-330-43472-0.