Joliette (federal electoral district)

Joliette
Quebec electoral district
	Joliette in relation to other Quebec federal electoral districts
Federal electoral district
Legislature	House of Commons
MP	Gabriel Ste-Marie; Bloc Québécois
;
District created	1966
First contested	1968
Last contested	2021
District webpage	profile, map
Demographics
Population (2016)	104,136
Electors (2019)	88,831
Area (km²)	9,102
Pop. density (per km²)	11.4
Census division(s)	Joliette, Matawinie
Census subdivision(s)	Joliette, Saint-Charles-Borromée, Rawdon, Notre-Dame-des-Prairies, Saint-Paul, Chertsey, Saint-Donat, Crabtree, Saint-Ambroise-de-Kildare, Saint-Thomas

Joliette is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1935 and since 1968.

Geography

This electoral district, located northeast of Montreal in the Quebec region of Lanaudière, currently consists of:

the Regional County Municipality of Matawinie, including Communauté Atikamekw de Manawan indian reserve
the Regional County Municipality of Joliette.

It is bounded by the:

electoral district of Repentigny and Berthier—Maskinongé and the Saint Lawrence River to the south
electoral district of Saint-Maurice—Champlain to the east and north
Lac Nemiscachingue and the electoral districts of Rivière-du-Nord, Montcalm and Laurentides—Labelle to the west

Demographics

According to the 2021 Canadian census^[3]

Ethnic groups: 93.4% White, 3.8% Indigenous, 1.1% Black

Languages: 92.5% French, 2.1% English, 1.8% Atikamekw

Religions: 70.0% Christian (63.5% Catholic, 6.5% Other), 28.4% None

Median income: $37,200 (2020)

Average income: $45,280 (2020)

History

It was created by the British North America Act of 1867 which preserved existing electoral districts in Lower Canada. In 1933, Joliette became part of the new electoral district of Joliette—L'Assomption—Montcalm.

It was created again in 1966 from Berthier—Maskinongé—delanaudière, Joliette—L'Assomption—Montcalm and Terrebonne ridings.

This riding lost territory to Berthier—Maskinongé during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, the riding will largely be replaced by Joliette—Manawan. It loses the municipalities of Saint-Donat and Notre-Dame-de-la-Merci to Laurentides—Labelle; loses Entrelacs and Chertsey to Les Pays-d'en-Haut; and gains the Domaine-Ouellet area from Repentigny.

Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Parliament	Years		Party
Joliette
1st	1867–1872	François Benjamin Godin	Liberal
2nd	1872–1874	Louis François Georges Baby	Conservative
3rd	1874–1874
3rd	1874–1878
4th	1878–1878
	1878–1880
	1880–1882	Lewis Arthur McConville
5th	1882–1882	Édouard Guilbault
5th	1882–1887		Independent Conservative
6th	1887–1889		Conservative
6th	1889–1891	Hilaire Neveu	Nationalist
7th	1891–1896	Urbain Lippé	Conservative
8th	1896–1900	Charles Bazinet	Liberal
9th	1900–1904	Charles Bazinet
10th	1904–1908	Joseph Adélard Dubeau
11th	1908–1911	Joseph Adélard Dubeau
12th	1911–1917	Joseph Pierre Octave Guilbault	Conservative
13th	1917–1921	Jean-Joseph Denis	Liberal
14th	1921–1925
15th	1925–1926
16th	1926–1928
16th	1928–1930	Charles-Édouard Ferland
17th	1930–1935	Charles-Édouard Ferland
Riding dissolved into Joliette—L'Assomption—Montcalm
Riding re-created from Berthier—Maskinongé—Delanaudière, Joliette—L'Assomption—Montcalm and Terrebonne
28th	1968–1971	Roch La Salle	Progressive Conservative
28th	1971–1972		Independent
29th	1972–1974		Independent
30th	1974–1979		Progressive Conservative
31st	1979–1980
32nd	1980–1984
33rd	1984–1988
34th	1988–1993	Gaby Larrivée
35th	1993–1997	René Laurin	Bloc Québécois
36th	1997–2000	René Laurin
37th	2000–2004	Pierre Paquette
38th	2004–2006
39th	2006–2008
40th	2008–2011
41st	2011–2015	Francine Raynault	New Democratic
42nd	2015–2018	Gabriel Ste-Marie	Bloc Québécois
	2018–2018		Groupe parlementaire québécois
	2018–2019		Bloc Québécois
43rd	2019–2021
44th	2021–present

Election results

Joliette—Manawan

2021 federal election redistributed results^[4]
Party		Vote	%
	Bloc Québécois	28,538	55.14
	Liberal	11,533	22.28
	Conservative	4,904	9.47
	New Democratic	2,997	5.79
	People's	1,565	3.02
	Green	1,011	1.95
	Others	1,210	2.34

1968–present

Graph of election results in Joliette (minor parties that never got 2% of the vote or didn't run consistently are omitted)

v t e 2021 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Bloc Québécois	Gabriel Ste-Marie	30,913	55.0	-3.2	$20,415.99
	Liberal	Michel Bourgeois	12,731	22.7	+0.2	$14,000.77
	Conservative	Roger Materne	5,314	9.5	+0.5	$2,412.32
	New Democratic	Alexis Beaudet	3,100	5.5	+0.9	$59.42
	People's	Maxime Leclerc	1,771	3.2	+2.3	$0.00
	Green	Érica Poirier	1,126	2.0	-2.1	$80.52
	Free	Manon Coutu	992	1.8	N/A	$2,900.09
	Marijuana	Yanick Théoret	251	0.4	N/A	$0.00
Total valid votes/expense limit			56,198	97.7	–	$120,469.50
Total rejected ballots			1,332	2.3
Turnout			57,530	62.3
Registered voters			92,281
	Bloc Québécois hold		Swing		-1.8
Source: Elections Canada^[5]

v t e 2019 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Bloc Québécois	Gabriel Ste-Marie	33,590	58.22	+24.92	$25,277.75
	Liberal	Michel Bourgeois	12,995	22.52	-5.70	$33,054.52
	Conservative	Jean-Martin Masse	5,176	8.97	-1.09	$15,856.88
	New Democratic	Julienne Soumaoro	2,623	4.55	-21.14	none listed
	Green	Érica Poirier	2,343	4.06	+1.71	$752.47
	People's	Sylvain Prescott	498	0.86	–	$932.68
	Indépendence du Québec	Paul Savard	474	0.82	–	$0.00
Total valid votes/expense limit			57,699	100.0
Total rejected ballots			1,203	1.35	+0.15
Turnout			58,902	66.31	-0.91
Eligible voters			88,831
	Bloc Québécois hold		Swing		+15.31
Source: Elections Canada^[6]^[7]

v t e 2015 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Bloc Québécois	Gabriel Ste-Marie	18,875	33.30	+0.29	$39,176.25
	Liberal	Michel Bourgeois	15,995	28.22	+21.83	$24,407.76
	New Democratic	Danielle Landreville	14,566	25.69	-21.23	$46,434.16
	Conservative	Soheil Eid	5,705	10.06	+0.37	$34,086.31
	Green	Mathieu Morin	1,335	2.35	-1.64	$1,229.90
	Strength in Democracy	Robert D. Morais	213	0.38	–	–
Total valid votes/Expense limit			56,689	100.0		$233,084.37
Total rejected ballots			1,109	1.20	-0.36
Turnout			57,798	67.22	+3.7
Eligible voters			85,981
	Bloc Québécois gain from New Democratic		Swing		+10.8
Source: Elections Canada^[8]^[9]

2011 federal election redistributed results^[10]
Party		Vote	%
	New Democratic	23,813	46.92
	Bloc Québécois	16,751	33.01
	Conservative	4,919	9.69
	Liberal	3,243	6.39
	Green	2,024	3.99

v t e 2011 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	New Democratic	Francine Raynault	27,050	47.33	+36.91
	Bloc Québécois	Pierre Paquette	18,804	32.90	-19.50
	Conservative	Michel Morand	5,525	9.67	-8.16
	Liberal	François Boucher	3,545	6.20	-8.32
	Green	Annie Durette	2,227	3.90	-0.94
Total valid votes/Expense limit			57,151	100.00
Total rejected ballots			904	1.56	-0.05
Turnout			58,055	63.52	+1.50
Eligible voters			91,395	–	–

v t e 2008 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Bloc Québécois	Pierre Paquette	28,040	52.40	-1.63	$66,256
	Conservative	Sylvie Lavallée	9,540	17.83	-8.93	$55,729
	Liberal	Suzie St-Onge	7,769	14.52	+4.62	$4,504
	New Democratic	Francine Raynault	5,579	10.42	+5.05	$1,331
	Green	Annie Durette	2,588	4.84	+0.90	$2,465
Total valid votes/Expense limit			53,516	100.00	$94,530
Total rejected ballots			878	1.61
Turnout			54,394	62.02
	Bloc Québécois hold		Swing		+3.65

v t e 2006 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Bloc Québécois	Pierre Paquette	28,630	54.03	-9.39	$59,887
	Conservative	Sylvie Lavallée	14,182	26.76	+20.33	$33,883
	Liberal	Gérard Leclerc	5,245	9.90	-12.80	$8,879
	New Democratic	Jacques Trudeau	2,845	5.37	+1.74	$2,326
	Green	Jean-François Lévêque	2,086	3.94	+1.57	$0
Total valid votes/Expense limit			52,988	100.00	$86,852

v t e 2004 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Bloc Québécois	Pierre Paquette	30,661	63.42	+11.22	$68,711
	Liberal	Jean-François Coderre	10,975	22.70	-10.06	$40,336
	Conservative	Daniel Bouchard	3,107	6.43	-4.98	$4,639
	New Democratic	Jacques Trudeau	1,755	3.63	+1.23	$1,187
	Green	Wendy Gorchinsky	1,147	2.37	–	$77
	Marijuana	Marco Geoffroy	701	1.45	–
Total valid votes/Expense limit			48,346	100.00	$84,187

Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in the 2000 election.

2000 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Bloc Québécois	Pierre Paquette	23,615	52.20	+5.66
	Liberal	Robert Malo	14,820	32.76	+17.41
	Progressive Conservative	Eric Champagne	2,730	6.03	-29.83
	Alliance	Clément Lévesque	2,432	5.38
	New Democratic	François Rivest	1,085	2.40	+1.36
	Communist	Bob Aubin	560	1.24
Total valid votes			45,242	100.00

v t e 1997 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Bloc Québécois	René Laurin	22,605	46.54		$58,632
	Progressive Conservative	Anie Perrault	17,417	35.86		$27,044
	Liberal	Denise Cloutier Bergeron	7,452	15.34	–	$19,618
	Natural Law	Gilles Roy	594	1.22		$707
	New Democratic	Jacques Trudeau	502	1.03		$910
Total valid votes			48,570	100.00
Total rejected ballots			2,407
Turnout			50,977	73.56
Electors on the lists			69,304
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.

v t e 1993 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Bloc Québécois	René Laurin	41,057	65.94
	Liberal	Réjean Lefebvre	10,344	16.61	-8.20
	Progressive Conservative	Gaby Larrivée	8,776	14.10	-40.99
	Natural Law	Gilles Roy	1,274	2.05
	New Democratic	Gilles De Chantal	809	1.30	-12.98
Total valid votes			62,260	100.00

v t e 1988 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Gaby Larrivée	27,908	55.09	-18.83
	Liberal	Denis Coderre	12,573	24.82	+7.68
	New Democratic	Claude Hétu	7,232	14.28	+10.12
	Green	Gaétan Riopel-Savignac	2,290	4.52
	Independent	Jean-François Desroches	530	1.05
	Commonwealth of Canada	François Roy	128	0.25	+0.17
Total valid votes			50,661	100.00

v t e 1984 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Roch La Salle	38,839	73.91	+8.59
	Liberal	Hélène Meagher	9,006	17.14	-13.47
	New Democratic	Martin Vaillancourt	2,186	4.16	+3.41
	Rhinoceros	Henri Dicule Mondor	1,515	2.88	+1.10
	Parti nationaliste	Marc Argeris	654	1.24
	Social Credit	Alfred Blouin	200	0.38	+0.13
	Communist	Montserrat Escola	103	0.20
	Commonwealth of Canada	Isaylovic Momo	44	0.08
Total valid votes			52,547	100.00

Canadian federal by-election, 17 August 1981
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
On resignation of Mr. LaSalle, 17 March 1981
	Progressive Conservative	Roch Lasalle	24,434	65.32	+18.36
	Liberal	Michel Denis	11,450	30.61	-15.53
	Rhinoceros	Claude Le Propre Forget	667	1.78
	Independent	Jean-Guy Mercier	349	0.93
	New Democratic	Jacques Trudeau	281	0.75	-4.16
	Social Credit	Carl O'Malley	92	0.25	-1.35
	Independent	Paul Desormiers	91	0.24
	Independent	Raymond J. Turmel	42	0.11
Total valid votes			37,406	100.00

v t e 1980 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Roch Lasalle	22,280	46.96	-3.76
	Liberal	Gilles Ratelle	21,891	46.14	+7.05
	New Democratic	Jacques Trudeau	2,330	4.91	+2.11
	Social Credit	Alfred Blouin	756	1.59	-3.58
	Marxist–Leninist	Mario Verrier	184	0.39	+0.23
Total valid votes			47,441	100.00

v t e 1979 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Roch Lasalle	23,960	50.72	-3.84
	Liberal	Roger Cabana	18,466	39.09	+3.93
	Social Credit	Alfred Blouin	2,446	5.18	-2.30
	New Democratic	Jacques Trudeau	1,324	2.80	+0.87
	Rhinoceros	Andrée social Hallé	828	1.75
	Union populaire	Robert Forget	140	0.30
	Marxist–Leninist	André Pesant	74	0.16	-0.22
Total valid votes			47,238	100.00

v t e 1974 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Roch Lasalle	22,546	54.56	+7.83
	Liberal	Serge Rochon	14,529	35.16	+2.02
	Social Credit	Louis Comtois	3,090	7.48	-7.13
	New Democratic	Gerard Doyon	797	1.93	-2.65
	Communist	J.E. Poirier	201	0.49
	Marxist–Leninist	André Pesant	157	0.38
Total valid votes			41,320	100.00

Note: results from the 1974 federal election are missing from the Library of Parliament website. Results shown are incomplete results (250 of 256 polling stations reporting) reported in the Globe and Mail on 9 July 1974.

Note: percentage change for Roch LaSalle compares his vote as a PC candidate in 1974 to his vote as an independent candidate in 1972.

1972 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Roch Lasalle	18,074	46.73	+3.40
	Liberal	Claude Livernoche	12,819	33.14	-9.58
	Social Credit	Louis Comtois	5,652	14.61	+6.30
	Progressive Conservative	Sylvio Ricard	1,770	4.58
	New Democratic	Constance Riverin	361	0.93	-4.70
Total valid votes			38,676	100.00

Note: Social Credit vote is compared to Ralliement créditiste vote in the 1968 election. Note: percentage change for Roch LaSalle compares his vote as an independent candidate in 1972 to his vote as a PC candidate in 1968.

v t e 1968 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%
	Progressive Conservative	Roch Lasalle	12,464	43.33
	Liberal	Georges Rondeau	12,292	42.73
	Ralliement créditiste	Aurélien Neveu	2,391	8.31
	New Democratic	Roland Bourgeois	1,620	5.63
Total valid votes			28,767	100.00

1867–1935

1930 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles-Édouard Ferland	5,904	54.25	-12.33
	Conservative	Joseph-Conrad Perrault	4,979	45.75
Total valid votes			10,883	100.00

Canadian federal by-election, 17 December 1928
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
On Mr. Denis' acceptance of an office of emolument under the Crown, 3 November 1928
	Liberal	Charles-Édouard Ferland	5,251	66.58
	Liberal	René-Laurier Guilbault	2,636	33.42
Total valid votes			7,887	100.00

1926 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Jean-Joseph Denis	5,659	57.39	-0.43
	Conservative	Joseph Damien Neveu	4,202	42.61	+0.43
Total valid votes			9,861	100.00

1925 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Jean-Joseph Denis	5,638	57.81	-2.82
	Conservative	Joseph Emery Ladouceur	4,114	42.19	+5.41
Total valid votes			9,752	100.00

1921 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Jean-Joseph Denis	6,203	60.63	+6.95
	Conservative	Joseph Pierre Laporte	3,763	36.78
	Independent	Paplinuce Bonin	265	2.59
Total valid votes			10,231	100.00

1917 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Opposition (Laurier Liberals)	Jean-Joseph Denis	2,459	53.68
	Opposition (Laurier Liberals)	Joseph Adélard Dubeau	2,122	46.32	-2.93
Total valid votes			4,581	100.00

1911 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Joseph Pierre Octave Guilbault	2,239	50.75	+4.74
	Liberal	Joseph Adélard Dubeau	2,173	49.25	-4.74
Total valid votes			4,412	100.00

1908 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Joseph Adélard Dubeau	2,178	53.99	+1.04
	Conservative	Joseph-Alexandre Guilbault	1,856	46.01	-1.04
Total valid votes			4,034	100.00

1904 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Joseph Adélard Dubeau	1,972	52.95	+1.76
	Conservative	Joseph Adolphe Renaud	1,752	47.05	-1.76
Total valid votes			3,724	100.00

1900 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Bazinet	1,822	51.19	-3.71
	Conservative	Joseph Adolphe Renaud	1,737	48.81	+3.71
Total valid votes			3,559	100.00

1896 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Bazinet	1,769	54.90	+5.87
	Conservative	V.P. Lavallée	1,453	45.10	-5.87
Total valid votes			3,222	100.00

1891 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Urbain Lippe	1,581	50.97
	Liberal	Hilaire Neveu	1,521	49.03
Total valid votes			3,102	100.00

By-election on 16 January 1889 On election being declared void, 6 November 1888
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Nationalist	Hilaire Neveu	?
	Independent Conservative	Édouard Guilbault	?	–
Total valid votes			?

1887 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Édouard Guilbault	1,533	50.02	-8.23
	Liberal	Hilaire Neveu	1,532	49.98
Total valid votes			3,065	100.00

N.B. Mr. Guilbault elected by the casting vote of the Returning Officer.

Canadian federal by-election, 7 December 1882
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
On election being declared void, 4 November 1882
	Independent Conservative	Édouard Guilbault	1,070	58.25	+3.20
	Conservative	J.N.A. McConville	767	41.75
Total valid votes			1,837	100.00

Note: The change in Mr. Guilbault's popular vote is compared to his result in the 1882 general election.

1882 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Édouard Guilbault	1,215	55.05
	Conservative	Lewis Arthur McConville	992	44.95	-19.19
Total valid votes			2,207	100.00

Canadian federal by-election, 9 December 1880
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
On Mr. Baby being appointed Puisne Judge, Quebec Superior Court, 29 October 1880
	Conservative	Lewis Arthur McConville	1,225	64.14	+5.86
	Liberal	F.B. Godin	685	35.86	-5.86
Total valid votes			1,910	100.00

Party		Candidate	Votes
By-election on 14 November 1878 On Mr. Baby being named Minister of Inland Revenue, 26 October 1878
	Conservative	Louis François Georges Baby	acclaimed

1878 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Louis François Georges Baby	1,264	58.28	+4.15
	Liberal	François Benjamin Godin	905	41.72
Total valid votes			2,169	100.00

Canadian federal by-election, 10 December 1874
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
Mr. Baby being unseated on petition, 6 November 1874
	Conservative	Louis François Georges Baby	1,069	54.13	+2.88
	Unknown	Amable Beaupré	906	45.87	-2.88
Total valid votes			1,975	100.00

1874 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Louis François Georges Baby	924	51.25
	Unknown	A. Beaupré	879	48.75
Total valid votes			1,803	100.00

1872 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes
	Conservative	Louis François Georges Baby	acclaimed

1867 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%
	Liberal	François Benjamin Godin	918	51.57
	Conservative	Louis François Georges Baby	862	48.43
Total valid votes			1780	100.00

References

"Joliette (federal electoral district) (Code 24025) Census Profile". 2011 census. Government of Canada - Statistics Canada. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
Campaign expense data from Elections Canada

Riding electoral history from Parliament of Canada website:

Notes

^ Statistics Canada: 2016
^ Statistics Canada: 2016
^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (February 9, 2022). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Joliette [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)], Quebec". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved October 12, 2023.
^ "Transposition of Votes from the 44th General Election to the 2023 Representation Orders". Elections Canada. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
^ "Confirmed candidates — Joliette". Elections Canada. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
^ "List of confirmed candidates". Elections Canada. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
^ "Election Night Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
^ Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Joliette, 30 September 2015
^ Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates Archived 15 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine
^ Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections

46°39′14″N 73°57′43″W / 46.654°N 73.962°W / 46.654; -73.962

[1] Statistics Canada: 2016

[2] Statistics Canada: 2016

[3] Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (February 9, 2022). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Joliette [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)], Quebec". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved October 12, 2023.

[4] "Transposition of Votes from the 44th General Election to the 2023 Representation Orders". Elections Canada. Retrieved April 9, 2024.

[5] "Confirmed candidates — Joliette". Elections Canada. Retrieved September 20, 2021.

[6] "List of confirmed candidates". Elections Canada. Retrieved October 3, 2019.

[7] "Election Night Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved November 12, 2019.

[8] Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Joliette, 30 September 2015

[9] Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates Archived 15 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine

[10] Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections

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