Joan of Portugal (Portuguese: Joana [ʒuˈɐnɐ]; 31 March 1439[1] – June 13, 1475)[2] was the Queen of Castile as the second wife of King Henry IV of Castile. The posthumous daughter of King Edward of Portugal and Eleanor of Aragon, she was born in the Quinta do Monte Olivete Villa, Almada.
| Joan of Portugal | |
|---|---|
.png) Queen Joan in Genealogia dos Reis de Portugal (António de Holanda; 1530–1534) | |
| Queen consort of Castile and León | |
| Tenure | 21 May 1455 – 11 December 1474 |
| Born | 31 March 1439 Mount Olivete Villa, Almada, Portugal |
| Died | 13 June 1475 (aged 36) Madrid, Castile |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | |
| Issue |
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| House | Aviz |
| Father | Edward, King of Portugal |
| Mother | Eleanor of Aragon |
Early life
editJoan was born as one of nine children of King Edward of Portugal and his wife Eleanor of Aragon. Joan was born on the 31th of March, 1439 at Quinta do Monte Olivete (modern day Almeda), after her father's death.
In 1440, Eleanor was politically outmaneuvered from the regency of Joan's brother Afonso and was forced into exile in Castile together with the infant Joan. In Castile, Joan and her mother lived at the monastery of Santa María de Medina del Campo, dependent on charity. Joan's mother was deeply unhappy as she longed for the children she had to leave behind in Portugal. In 1444 Eleanor applied for them to return to Portugal, but she died in February 1445 at Toledo. There were rumors that she had been poisoned.
After her mother's death, Joan was taken under the guardianship of her uncle Peter and was raised at court in Lisbon.
Queen of Castile
editOn 21 May 1455 in Cordoba,[3] she married as his second wife King Henry IV of Castile who had repudiated his first consort, Blanche II of Navarre, after thirteen years of marriage. It was rumoured that their marriage had never been consummated due to the king's impotence.[citation needed] Henry and Joan shared the same maternal grandparents; Ferdinand I of Aragon and Eleanor of Alburquerque (making them first cousins). They also shared the same paternal great-grandfather; John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (making them second cousins).
Though a bride without a significant dowry, Joan had valuable connections to offer Henry, apart from being the sister of the king of Portugal she also possessed influential relatives such as her older sister Eleanor, Holy Roman Empress and their paternal aunt Isabella, Duchess of Burgundy.
In February 1462, six years after Joan's marriage to Henry, she gave birth to a daughter, also named Joan, called La Beltraneja because of rumours that she was in fact the daughter of Don Beltrán de la Cueva, 1st Duke of Alburquerque, who was suspected of being Joan's lover.
Henry banished Joan from the royal court and she went to live in Coca at the castle of Henry's supporter, Bishop Fonseca. She soon fell in love with Bishop Fonseca's nephew; they embarked on a sexual affair, which resulted in Joan bearing her lover two illegitimate sons. Henry subsequently declared their marriage had never been legal and thus divorced her in 1468.
At the death of her former husband in 1474, Joan championed her daughter's right to succeed to the throne, but she died shortly thereafter. This led to the outbreak of the War of the Castilian Succession (1475–1479).
Scandals and illegitimate children
editPrior to her banishment, Joan had provoked much criticism in the Castilian court as she allegedly wore dresses that displayed too much décolletage, and her philandering with men was considered scandalous. She was considered haughty, unscrupulous, ambitious and ruthless, participating in intrigues and completely controlling her husband. Joan has been credited with many lovers, including the poet Juan Rodríguez de la Cámara.[4][5] Joan had two illegitimate children by Pedro de Castilla y Fonseca "el mozo", nephew of Bishop Fonseca, and a great grandson of King Pedro of Castille: her two sons were Pedro Apostol de Castilla y Portugal, married to Juana de Mendonza, and Andres Apostol de Castilla y Portugal, married to Mencía de Quiñones. The birth of her two illegitimate children only added to Joan's considerable notoriety.
She later entered the convent of San Francisco in Segovia.
Joan died in Madrid on June 13, 1475 at the age of 36. She was buried in the convent of San Francisco.
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Coat of arms as queen consort -
Coat of arms as queen dowager
Ancestry
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References
edit
- ^ Historia de Portugal - Website: - with source: Joel Serrão (dir.) Pequeno Dicionário de História de Portugal, Lisboa, Iniciativas Editoriais, 1976 - AND - Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão, História de Portugal, Volume II: Formação do Estado Moderno (1415-1495), 2.ª ed., Lisboa, Verbo, 1979
- ^ Historia de Portugal - Website: http://www.arqnet.pt/portal/portugal/temashistoria/duarte.html - with source: Joel Serrão (dir.) Pequeno Dicionário de História de Portugal, Lisboa, Iniciativas Editoriais, 1976 - AND - Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão, História de Portugal, Volume II: Formação do Estado Moderno (1415-1495), 2.ª ed., Lisboa, Verbo, 1979
- ^ McMurdo, Edward (1889). The history of Portugal, from the Commencement of the Monarchy to the Reign of Alfonso III. Vol. II. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington. p. 500.
- ^ James Fitzmaurice-Kelly, Chapters on Spanish Literature (A. Constable and Company, ltd., 1908), 74.
- ^ James Fitzmaurice-Kelly, A History of Spanish Literature (D. Appleton and Company, 1898), 97.
- ^ a b Stephens, Henry Morse (1903). The Story of Portugal. G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-7222-2473-1. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f de Sousa, Antonio Caetano (1735). Historia genealogica da casa real portugueza [Genealogical History of the Royal House of Portugal] (in Portuguese). Vol. 2. Lisboa Occidental. p. 497.
- ^ a b John I, King of Portugal at the Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ a b Armitage-Smith, Sydney (1905). John of Gaunt: King of Castile and Leon, Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, Seneschal of England. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 21. Retrieved 17 July 2018.