Lukovë is a village and a former municipality in the Vlorë County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform, it became a subdivision of the municipality Himarë.[1] The population at the 2011 census was 2,916.[2]
Lukovë | |
|---|---|
 Lukova village | |
.svg)  Lukovë | |
| Coordinates: 39°59′N 19°55′E / 39.983°N 19.917°E | |
| Country |  Albania |
| County | Vlorë |
| Municipality | Himarë |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Municipal unit | 2,916 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Name
editThe Albanian toponym Lukovë stems from Slavic, either from the words Luk, Laka, Luka meaning water flowing nearby, meadowland, river meadow, wet meadow along a river or from luk, luka, place of onions; alongside the suffix ov/a.[3] It is known in Greek as "Λούκοβο".
History
editDuring the Ottoman period, Lukovë, together with nearby Piqeras and Nivicë, was a part of the Himara area and enjoyed special semi-autonomous status inside this community.[4] In 1570 and 1571, a short-lived rebellion broke out under Emmanuel Mormoris in the Himara region. After a prolonged siege, the rebels managed to capture the castle of Nivicë.[5]
The Italian missionary Giuseppe Schirò wrote in 1722 that Lukovë was inhabited by ethnic Albanians.[6][7]
In 1798, Lukovë, together with adjacent villages in the region south of Himara, were attacked and plundered by the local Ottoman lord Ali Pasha of Ioannina.[8] In the villages of Nivice and Shën Vasil, massacres of Orthodox inhabitants were committed around Easter of 1798. As such, cases of largescale Islamization among the local population were followed in the region.[9]
During the end of the 19th century, Greek elementary schools were already operating in the villages of Lukovë, Nivicë, Çorraj and Shën Vasil.[10]
Demographics
editAccording to 1991 estimates, Lukovë, the municipal seat is inhabited by a majority Orthodox Albanian population (2076 or 82%), alongside minorities of Muslim Albanians (250 or 12%) and Greeks (150 or 6%).[11] Borsh, Fterrë and Sasaj are exclusively populated by Muslim Albanians.[11] Piqeras is inhabited by an Orthodox Albanian majority (991) with a minority of 100 Muslim Albanians and 50 Greeks.[11] Çorraj is a mixed village inhabited by an Orthodox Albanian population and Albanian Muslims.[11] Shën Vasil (Shënvasil) is inhabited by a majority Orthodox Albanian population (1434) and with a minority of Muslim Albanians (220) and Greeks (210).[11] Nivicë is inhabited by an Orthodox Albanian majority (899) and a minority of Greeks (30).[11] Qazim Pali is a new village established during the communist period and is populated by Muslim Albanians (861) alongside minorities of Orthodox Albanians (50) and Greeks (80).[11] In a demographic investigation by Leonidas Kallivretakis in the late 20th century, the population of Lukovë commune and all its villages, 54% were Albanian Christians, 40% were Albanian Muslims and 6% were Greek Christians.[11]
According to a 2016 estimate the municipality is by majority Albanian speaking with a minority of Greek speakers.[12]
The Albanians of the Lukovë region speak in the Tosk dialect of the Albanian language; more specifically in the Lab regional dialect.[citation needed]
Seaside settlements of the Lukovë area were among Greek minority areas that underwent a substantial decrease in population after the fall of communism in Albania in the early 1990s.[13]
Climate
edit
Lukovë has a hot-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa). Precipitation mainly falls within the winter months. Lukovë has mild winters and hot, dry summers. The average annual temperature is 15.1 °C or 59.2 °F. Precipitation amounts to 737 mm or 29.0 inches annually.[14]
Notable people
edit- Nafiz Bezhani, Albanian jurist, politician and writer.
- Dimitrios Doulis (1865–1928), Greek politician, minister of military affairs of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus, from Nivice.
- Muzafer Korkuti, Albanian archaeologist and Vice President of the Academy of Sciences of Albania
- Vasil Laçi (1922–1941), Albanian patriot who attempted to kill in 1941 Victor Emmanuel III, then King of Italy and Shefqet Bej Vërlaci, then Prime Minister of Albania
- Jakup Mato, Albanian publicist and educational administrator, head of Centre of Art Studies of the Academy of Sciences of Albania.
- Niphon of Kafsokalyvia (1316–1411), Greek monk and saint of the Eastern Orthodox Church
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Law nr. 115/2014" (PDF) (in Albanian). p. 6376. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
- ^ 2011 census results Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Ylli, Xhelal (2000). Das slavische Lehngut im Albanischen. 2 [Slavic settlement in Albania. Verlag Otto Sagner. p. 139. "LUKÓV/È, -A ( 1431 Lokove, Sopot; BZHS III :1759,1856 Aouxoßov, Delvinë); + LUKOVE (1431, Korçë) A. SE 228 Луково; JO 624.B. SE erklärt den DN als Benennung eines Dorfes nach dem in der Nähe fließenden Gewässer: adj. Bildung zu aksl. лжка ,Biegung; Sumpf, bulg. лъка ,Wiesenland; Flußwiese‘, так. mundartl. лака ,feuchte Wiese längs eines Flusses4, serb. лука ,Meerbusen; Wiese; Tal4, БЕРЗ 551,+ -ов-а. Die älteren Formen haben in der ersten Silbe о / и. Es ist schwer zu entscheiden, welche Form zutriflft. Ein Reflex aksl. ж > и kommt nicht im Bulg. vor, aber ihn findet man im Mak. mundartl. und im Serb. Andererseits findet auch eine Entwicklung о > и innerhalb der historischen Phonologie des Albanischen keine Stütze. Mit einem Einfluß des Serbischen, besonders fur Korça, ist ebenfalls nicht zu rechnen. Man könnte den ON aus zwei verschiedenen Wurzeln herieiten: im Falle von SR aus serb. лука ,Au, Meerbusen, Wiese, Tal4, wobei mit dem Einfluß der serb. Königreiche zu rechnen ist, und im Falle von Korça, ein bekanntes Gebiet für die Herstellung von Zwiebeln, aus der Wurzel bulg, лука ,Zwiebel‘."
- ^ From the Turkish Conquest to the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century: Terms of Submission - The "Privileges" (in "4000 years of Greek history and civilization" Vranousis L., Sfyroeras B., Ekdotike Athenon, 1997. ISBN 978-960-213-371-2, p. 243.
- ^ Konstantinos., Giakoumis (2002). The monasteries of Jorgucat and Vanishte in Dropull and of Spelaio in Lunxheri as monuments and institutions during the Ottoman period in Albania (16th-19th centuries) (PhD thesis). University of Birmingham. p. 21. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ Bartl 1991, p. 331: "Nach der Relation von Giuseppe Schirò aus dem Jahre 1722 waren von den 14 himariotischen Ortschaften drei (Himara, Dhërmi und Palasa) "di natione greci", die restlichen 11 (Ilias, Vuno, Kalarat, Piluri, Qeparo, Piçerras, Lukovë, Shën-Vasil, Hundëcovë, Nivicë e Bubarit und Lëkurës) wurden als "di natione albanesi" bezeichnet."
- ^ Borgia 2014, pp. 317–318: "IV. Relacioni i pare i At Schirò-it ... Fillimisht kjo provincë, e cila motit ishte shumë e populluar me të krishterë, tani nuk ka më shumë se katërmbëdhjetë fshatra, që ushtrojnë ligjin e Krishtit në ritin grek (lindor): domethënë: Cimara (Himara) kryeqendra e provincës, Drimades (Dhërmiu) dhe Balasa (Palasa) të kombësisë greke (di natione greci); Egliates (Iliates, Ilias), Vuno (Vuno), Caloghirates (Kallarati), Piluri (Pilur), Clapero (Qeparo), Pichierasi (Piqeras), Lúculo (Lukovë), S. Basili (Shën Vasil), Gudezzona (Hundëcova), Nivizza (Nivica) e Licunisi (Lëkurësi) të kombësisë shqiptare (di natione albanesi)."
- ^ Pappas, Nicholas Charles (1982). Greeks in Russian military service in the late eighteen and early nineteenth centuries. Stanford University. p. 265.
Following this, Ali's troops attacked and pillaged other habitations in southern Cheimarra, such as Loukovo, Lykouresi, Agios Vasileios, Pikerni and Borsi. The rest of the area held off the assault. Those Cheimarriotes in the south who were not killed or found refuge in the remaining free area of their community were sent to the çiftliks of Ali Pasha in the Trikalla region of Thessaly as tenant farmers .
- ^ Skendi, Stavro (1980). Balkan Cultural Studies. East European Monographs. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-914710-66-0.
Following the massacre in the church on Easter day 1798 of the Orthodox Christians of Shën Vasil and Nivica - Bubari
- ^ Vakalopoulos, Kōnstantinos Apostolou (2003). History of Epirus: From Ottoman Times to Present (in Greek). Hērodotos. p. 620. ISBN 9789607290977.
στο Τσοράϊ , στο Λούκοβο , στη Νέβιτσα και στον Άγ . Βασίλειο λειτουργούσαν δημοτικά σχολεία . Ο Βούνος , το Πικέρνι και το Κηπαρό συντηρούσαν από 1 δημοτικό , 1 ελληνικό σχολείο και 1 παρθεναγωγείο.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Kallivretakis, Leonidas (1995). "Η ελληνική κοινότητα της Αλβανίας υπό το πρίσμα της ιστορικής γεωγραφίας και δημογραφίας [The Greek Community of Albania in terms of historical geography and demography." In Nikolakopoulos, Ilias, Kouloubis Theodoros A. & Thanos M. Veremis (eds). Ο Ελληνισμός της Αλβανίας [The Greeks of Albania]. University of Athens. p. 51. "Ε Έλληνες, ΑΧ Αλβανοί Ορθόδοξοι Χριστιανοί, AM Αλβανοί Μουσουλμάνοι, ΤΣ Τσάμηδες, Β Βλάχοι, Μ Μικτός πληθυσμός”; p.53. "LUKOVE ΛΟYKΟBΟ 2076 ΑΧ + αμ (250) + ε (120); NIVICE ΝΙΒΓΓΣΑ 899 ΑΧ + ε (30); SHENVASIL Αϊ ΒΑΣΙΛΗ 1434 ΑΧ + αμ (220) + ε (210); PIQERAS ΠΙΚΙΕΡΑΣ (ΠΙΚΕΡΝΗ) 991 ΑΧ + αμ (100) + ε (50); SASAJ ΣΑΣΑΪ 297 AM; BORSH ΜΠΟΡΣΙ 1243 AM; FTERE ΦΤΕΡΑ 378 AM; ÇORAJ ΤΣΟΡΑΪ 282 ΑΧ (150) + AM (132); QAZIM PALI ΚΙΑΣΙΜ ΠΑΛΙ (νέο) 861 AM + ε (80) + αχ (50)"
- ^ Triantis, Loukas (2016). "The Politics of Space, Institutional Change and International Development: the Area of Himara/Albania during the post-Socialist Transition". Didaktorika.gr (in Greek). Athens National Polytechnic: 81. doi:10.12681/eadd/37436. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
- ^ Pettifer, James; Poulton, Hugh (1994). The Southern Balkans. Minority Rights Group. ISBN 978-1-897693-75-9.
As a result there has been a substantial depopulation of many Greek minority areas in southern Albania in the last two years, particularly in the coastal villages around Lukova and Himara
- ^ "Lukovë climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Lukovë water temperature - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
Sources
edit- Bartl, Peter (1991). "Zur Topographie und Geschichte der Landschaft Himara in Südalbanien". Münchner Zeitschrift für Balkankunde (in German). 7–8. ISBN 9783878281962. ISSN 0170-8929.
- Borgia, Nilo (2014). "Kapitulli V: At Giuseppe Schirò-i". In Sinani, Shaban (ed.). Murgjit bazilianë të Italisë në Shqipëri: Shënime mbi misionet në Himarë, shek. XVI-XVIII (in Albanian). Translated by Hysa, Mimoza. Naimi. ISBN 978-9928-109-67-5.
External links
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