Khamas[1][2] or Kamās/ Khamās /Khamāch/ Khamāj / Kamāchi (கமாச்) (ఖమాస్/కమాచి) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 28th melakarta scale Harikambhoji. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending scale.
| Arohanam | S M₁ G₃ M₁ P D₂ N₂ Ṡ |
|---|---|
| Avarohanam | Ṡ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₃ R₂ S |
It is a scale that evokes Shringara rasa.[1][2] It is suitable for javali type compositions.[2]
Structure and lakshana
edit
Khamas is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain rishabham in the ascending scale. It is a vakra-shadava-sampurna rāgam (vakra-shadava, meaning 6 notes in ascending scale with zig-zag moves).[1][2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:
The notes used in this scale are shadjam, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatam and kaisiki nishadham in ascending scale, with chathusruthi rishabham included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see swaras in Carnatic music.
Alternate versions
editOriginally, Khamas was an upanga raga (uses only the notes in the parent scale). Later with the usage in javalis and other later compositions, the bhashanga type of Khamas came into use (using notes external to the scale).[1] Kakali nishadam (N3) is introduced as anya swara (external note) occasionally.[1]
According to Muthuswami Dikshitar school of music, Khamas is a sampurna raga with no zig-zag notes (no vakra usage).[1][2]
Khamāj (खमाज) of Hindustani Music closely resembles Khamas raga. The Hindi film song ‘Tere Mere Milan Ki’ from the movie Abhimaan is based on Khamaj.[3]
Popular compositions
editThere are many compositions set to Khamas rāgam. Here are some popular kritis, thillanas and varnams composed in this ragam.
- Mate malaya-dhvaja pandya-sanjate(Daru Varnam) by Muthiah Bhagavatar
- Santana-gopala krishnam, shadanane sakalam arpayami and Sarasa Dala Nayana by Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Sujana jeevana and Seethapathe composed by Tyagaraja
- Manasa Ramuni Maravakave by Venkataramana Bhagavatar
- Dooru Maduvarene, Mooruthiyanu niliso By Purandara Dasa
- Maatada Baradeno By Bangalore Nagarathnamma
- Rama jogi mandu, Ivela Nannu brovara and Rama rara by Bhadrachala Ramadasu
- Entaninne by Subbarama Dikshitar
- Broche vaarevaru ra and Intha paraakaelanayya by Mysore Vasudevachar, whose use of N3 in his compositions in this raga is particularly noteworthy.
- Idathu padam thookki and Rama nama amrutha by Papanasam Sivan
- Tham Tham Tham - Thillana by Patnam Subramania Iyer
- Dholayam chala Dholayam chala by Annamacharya
- Upendram ashrayami santatam by Mysore Vasudevacharya
- Shambho mahadeva chandrachuda by Parameswara Bhagavatar
- Saraswati sarasa-vani sarasija-bhavunikki-rani by Varadadasar
- Sarasa-sama-mukha, palaya mamayi bho shrikanthesha by Swathi Tirunal
- Jayati jayati bharata-mata by Mayuram Vishvanatha shastri
Film Compositions
edit| Song | Movie | Composer | Singer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Orunaal Oru Pozhuthu | Thiruneelakantar | Papanasam Sivan | M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar |
| Maanida Jenmam Meendum Vandhidumo | Raja Mukthi | C. R. Subburaman | |
| Naan Pesa Vanthen | Palloti Valartha Killi | Illayaraja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Pallaviye Charanam | Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam | ||
| Roja Ondru Mutham(Karnataka Khamas Based) | Komberi Mookan | ||
| Margazhi Matham | Panjami(Unreleased Movie) | S. Janaki, T. V. Gopalakrishnan | |
| Kootathilae Kovil Pura(Karnataka Khamas Based) | Idaya Kovil | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam | |
| Ponnil Vaanam(Karnataka Khamas Based) | Villu Pattukaran | S. Janaki | |
| Uyirum Neeye | Pavithra | A. R. Rahman | P. Unnikrishnan |
| Oru Naal Oru Pozhudu | Anthimanthaarai | Swarnalatha | |
| Poo Poovaa | Unnai Kann Theduthey | Deva | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Febi Mani |
| Sokka Naanum Nikkuren | Boat | Ghibran | Sudha Raghunathan |
