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Komil Yashin

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Komil Yashin (Uzbek: Komil Yashin, Комил Яшин; Russian: Камиль Яшен, romanized Kamil Yashen; 25 December [O.S. 12 December] 1909 — 25 September 1997) was a Soviet-Uzbek author, poet, dramatist, screenwriter, and celebrity. Ogonyok magazine described him as "the greatest modern Uzbek playwright".

Komil Yashin
Native name
Комил Яшин
Komil Yashin
BornKomil Noʻmonov
25 December [O.S. 12 December] 1909
Andijan, Russian Turkestan
Died25 September 1997(1997-09-25) (aged 87)
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Citizenship
Notable awards
SpouseHalima Nosirova

Yashin held many high-level political offices in the Soviet Union and served as a deputy in the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. He received numerous awards and titles, including the title People's Writer of the Uzbek SSR in 1959, the Stalin Prize in 1951, and the title Hero of Socialist Labor in 1974.

Early life and career

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Komil Noʻmonov was born on 25 December [O.S. 12 December] 1909 in Andijan to an Uzbek family.[1] From 1921 to 1925, he attended a Russian secondary school.[2] After graduating high school he started his literary activity, taking on the pen name Yashin in 1925.[3] He entered the Leningrad Forestry Institute that year but was forced to return to Andijan in 1928 due to illness. He taught literature and physics in Andijan from then until 1930. Yashin then became the head of the literary department initially at the Andijan Regional Theater and later the Uzbek State Musical Theater, where he worked until 1936.[4][5]

Yashin became a member of the Communist Party in 1943.[1] He held many high-level political offices. He served as head of the General Directorate of Arts under the Council of Ministers from 1946 to 1949. From 1958 to 1980, he served as the chairman of the Writers' Union of Uzbekistan. He was also the chairman of the Soviet Liaison Committee for Afro-Asian Writers[6] and served as a deputy in the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.[1][5] Yashin was also the editor-in-chief of the magazine Oʻzbek tili va adabiyoti from 1969 to 1980.[5]

Yashin was married to Halima Nosirova, a famous Uzbek opera singer.[7] He died in Tashkent after a long illness on 25 September 1997 at the age of 87.[5][8]

Works

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Much of Yashin's work are dramas with political themes. His earliest dramas include Kar quloq, Teng tengi bilan, Lolaxon, and Quyosh.[9] Some of his major works from the 1930s include the plays Oʻrtoqlar, Yondiramiz, and Nomus va muhabbat. The play he wrote originally titled Ichkarida was later reworked into a musical drama under the title Gulsara, with Muzaffar Muhamedov as co-author,[5][10] and in 1934 he reworked the play Ikki kommunist into Tor-mor.[9] In 1940, he wrote the musical Nurxon based on the like of honor killing victim Nurkhon Yuldashkhojayeva, showing her as a martyr of women's liberation.[11][12]

In the years leading up to World War II, Yashin wrote librettos for the first national operas in the Uzbek SSR, such as Boʻron[13] and Ulugʻ kanal.[14] He continued to write plays during the war, which included Oʻlim bosqinchilarga (co-authored with Sobir Abdulla),[10] Davron ota (co-authored with Sobir Abdulla),[15] Farod va Shirin and Oftobxon, some of which were focused on themes relating to the struggles against the Nazi invaders to boost the morale of Soviet troops.[6][16][5]

After the war Yashin wrote the script for the play General Rakhimov (1949) based on the real life of the Uzbek general Sobir Rakhimov.[17] He authored and co-authored numerous other plays with political and cultural themes including Ravshan va Zulxumor and Inqilob tongi.[18][19][20]

Influence of Hamza Hakim-zade Niyazi

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Yashin had been friends with the famous Uzbek writer Hamza Hakim-zade Niyazi, who was stoned to death in Shohimardon by religious fanatics in 1929 for alleged blasphemy.[21][22] He dedicated many works to Hamza. In 1960, Yashin wrote a musical about him titled Hamza.[16] He was one of the screenwriters of the TV series Fiery Roads, where Hamza was featured as the main protagonist.[23] Yashin also wrote a two-volume novel about Hamza, with the first volume being published in 1979 and the second in 1980.[24]

Yashin also reworked many original plays by Hamza. In 1939, he created a new version of Hamza's play Boy ila xizmatchi.[25][3] Another play by Hamza he reworked was Paranji sirlaridan bir lavha, which focused on the plight of women in pre-Soviet Uzbekistan.[3][9]

Legacy

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Yashin has been widely praised for his contributions to Uzbek literature tradition. The Soviet writer Nikolai Tikhonov described him as one of the most famous students of Hamza Hakim-zade Niyazi.[6] The Ogonyok magazine described him as "the greatest modern Uzbek playwright".[10] There are streets bearing his name in Tashkent and Andijan.[26]

Accolades

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Депутаты Верховного Совета СССР. Vol. 7. Изд-во "Известия Советов депутатов трудящихся СССР". 1966. p. 325.
  2. ^ Samatov, M. (25 April 1972). "Буюк эдип ве джмаат арбабы". Ленин байрагъы. p. 3.
  3. ^ a b c Ўзбек совет адабиёти тариҳи (in Uzbek). Ўқитувчи. 1990. p. 304. ISBN 978-5-645-00595-5.
  4. ^ Nasyrov, Erkin (1977). Писатели советского Узбекистана: библиографический справочник (in Russian). Издательство литературы и искусства имени Гафура Гуляма. p. 243.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Яшин Комил" [Yashin Komil]. Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi (in Uzbek). Vol. 10. Tashkent: Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi. 2005.
  6. ^ a b c Zohidov, Vohid (1969). "Адибнинг 60 йиллигига Комил Яшин". Guliston (in Uzbek) (12): 9.
  7. ^ Ryshina, Alla (1977). Самоцветы: очерки о мастерах сцены (in Russian). Изд-во лит-ры и искусства им. Гафура Гуляма.
  8. ^ "Камиль Яшен". Narodnoye Slovo (in Russian). 26 September 1997. p. 3.
  9. ^ a b c Sobirov, T. (1963). Комил Яшининг ижодий йўли (in Uzbek). Ўзбекистон ССР фанлар академияси нашриëти.
  10. ^ a b c Vetrov, Yu. (1984). "Учитель". Ogonyok (in Russian) (52): 26.
  11. ^ Brisbane, Katherine; Chaturvedi, Ravi; Majumdar, Ramendu; Pong, Chua Soo; Tanokura, Minoru (2005-08-16). The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Volume 5: Asia/Pacific. Routledge. p. 567. ISBN 9781134929788.
  12. ^ Советская литература: Драматургия, кинодраматургия (in Russian). Государственная библиотека СССР имени В.И. Ленина. 1977. p. 73.
  13. ^ Tursunov, Toshpulat (1980). "Яловбардор". Ўзбекистон коммунисти (in Uzbek) (6): 69-71.
  14. ^ Qori-Niyoziy, Toshmuhammad (1956). Совет Ўзбекистони маданияти тариҳидан очерклар (in Uzbek). Ўзбекистон ССР фанлар академияси нашриёти. p. 382.
  15. ^ Avdeeva, Lyubov (1989). Мукаррама Турғунбоеванинг рақси (in Uzbek). Ғафур Ғулом номидаги Адабиёт ва санъат нашриёти.
  16. ^ a b Vladimirov, Georgy (1975). Избранные произведения. Vol. 2. Издательство литературы и искусства имени Гафура Гуляма.
  17. ^ Lunin, Boris (1977). Биобиблиографические очерки о деятелях общественных наук Узбекистана (in Russian). Fan. p. 356.
  18. ^ "Яшин Комил". Ўзбек совет энциклопедияси (in Uzbek). Vol. 13. Tashkent: Uzbek Soviet Encyclopedia publishing house. 1971. p. 478.
  19. ^ Eshonov, Otaboy; Qodirov, Muhsin. "Инқилоб тонги". Совет Ўзбекистони (in Uzbek). p. 3.
  20. ^ Shokirov, O‘tkir (2002). Миллий театримиз намояндалари (in Uzbek). "Тошкент ислом университети" нашриëти.
  21. ^ Khalid, Adeeb (2022). Central Asia: A New History from the Imperial Conquests to the Present. Princeton University Press. p. 222. ISBN 978-0-691-23519-6.
  22. ^ Uzbek Historical Fiction and Russian Colonialism, 1918-1936. University of Wisconsin. 1999. p. 47, 72-75.
  23. ^ Vyatsky, Gennady (1983). "Каким он был, Хамза". Ogonyok (in Russian) (19): 18.
  24. ^ Краткая Российская энциклопедия (in Russian). Vol. 3. Большая Российская энциклопедия. 2003. p. 926. ISBN 978-5-329-00654-4.
  25. ^ Tursunov, Toshpulat (1979). "МАҲОРАТ ДАРСИ". Guliston (3): 9.
  26. ^ Bocharov, Anton. "Яшен Камиль Нугманович". www.warheroes.ru. Retrieved 2017-12-01.
  27. ^ a b "Яшен Камиль". Большая советская энциклопедия (in Russian). Vol. 30. Moscow: Great Soviet Encyclopedia publishing house. 1978.
  28. ^ "н. Оперного искусства" (PDF). Sovetsko Iskusstvo (in Russian). No. 22. 17 March 1951. p. 2.
  29. ^ "Адабиёт, санъат ва архитектура соҳасидаги асарларга Ўзбекистон ССРнинг Ҳамза номидаги Давлат мукофотларини бериш тўғрисида". Sovet Oʻzbekistoni (in Uzbek). No. 263. 7 November 1967. p. 2.
  30. ^ a b "СССР Олий Совети Президиумининг фармони Ёзувчиларнинг бир группасига Социалистик Меҳнат Қаҳрамони унвони бериш тўғрисида". Sovet Oʻzbekistoni (in Uzbek). No. 227. 28 September 1974. p. 1.
  31. ^ "СССР Олий Совети Президиумининг Фармони Ўзбекистон ССР санъати ва адабиёти ходимларини СССР орденлари ва медаллари билан мукофотлаш тўғрисида". Qizil Oʻzbekiston (in Uzbek). No. 65. 19 March 1959. p. 1.
  32. ^ "СССР Олий Совети Президиумининг Фармони Ёзувчи К. Хуъмонов (Яшин)ни ленин ордени билан мукофотлаш тўғрисида". Sovet Oʻzbekistoni (in Uzbek). No. 14. 18 January 1970. p. 1.
  33. ^ "СССР Олий Совети Президиумининг Фармони Ёзувчи Комил Яшин (К. Н. Нўъмонов)ни октябрь революцияси ордени билан мукофотлаш тўғрисида". Sovet Oʻzbekistoni (in Uzbek). 1 January 1980. p. 1.
  34. ^ "Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении орденами и медалями работников промышленности, сельского науки, культуры и искусства Узбекской ССР". Pravda Vostoka (in Russian). 29 January 1950. p. 4.
  35. ^ "Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении орденами и медалями работников литературы и искусства Узбекской ССР" (PDF). Sovetskoe iskusstvo (in Russian). No. 98. 8 December 1951. p. 1.
  36. ^ "С наградой вас, люди трудовой доблести!". Pravda Vostoka (in Russian). No. 51. 3 March 1965. p. 4.
  37. ^ "СССР Олий Совети Президиумининг Фармони Ёзувчиларни СССР орденлари билан мукофотлаш тўғрисида". Sovet Oʻzbekistoni (in Uzbek). 18 November 1984. p. 1.
  38. ^ "О награждении работников Узбекского музыкального театра и Узбекской филармонии — участников декады Узбекского искусства в москве". Pravda (in Russian). 1 June 1937. p. 1.
  39. ^ "О награждении орденами и медалями работников Узбекского ордена Ленина академического театра драмы имени Хамза" (PDF). Pravda (in Russian). No. 72. 25 March 1945. p. 2.
  40. ^ "СССР Олий Совети Президиумининг Фармони Ўзбекистон ССР колхозлари, МЦ ва совхоз ходимлари, қишлоқ хўжалик мутахассислари, партия, совет, касаба союз ва комсомол ходимларини СССР орденлари ва медаллари билан мукоготлаш тўғрисида". Qizil Oʻzbekiston (in Uzbek). No. 25. 29 January 1957. p. 2.
  41. ^ "О награждении орденами и медалями колхозников, колхозниц, работников сельского хозяйства, промышленности, науки, културы и искусства Узбекской ССР" (PDF). Vedomosti Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR (in Russian). No. 4. 26 January 1945. p. 3.

Literature

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