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Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur

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Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur, also called Kartarpur Sahib, is a gurdwara in Kartarpur, located in Shakargarh, Narowal District, in the Punjab province of Pakistan.[1][2] It is built on the historic site where the founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak, settled and assembled the Sikh community after his missionary travels (udasis to Haridwar, Mecca-Medina, Lanka, Baghdad, Kashmir and Nepal[3][4]) and lived for 18 years until his death in 1539.[5] It is one of the holiest sites in Sikhism, alongside the Golden Temple in Amritsar and Gurdwara Janam Asthan in Nankana Sahib.[6][7]

Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur
گُردُوارہ دربار صاحِب کرتارپور
ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ ਦਰਬਾਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਕਰਤਾਰਪੁਰ
Darbar Sahib, gurdwara commemorating Guru Nanak, in Kartarpur
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5km
3miles
Ravi river
Ravi river
Dera Baba Nank
Kartarpur
Kartarpur
Kartarpur and Dera Baba Nanak across the India–Pakistan border in Punjab
Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur is located in Punjab, Pakistan
Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur
Location within Punjab, Pakistan
Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur is located in Pakistan
Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur
Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur (Pakistan)
General information
TypeGurdwara
Architectural styleSikh architecture
Town or cityKartarpur, Shakargarh Tehsil, Narowal District, Punjab
CountryPakistan Pakistan
Coordinates32°05′14″N 75°01′00″E / 32.08735°N 75.01658°E / 32.08735; 75.01658
Website
www.etpb.gov.pk/kartarpur-corridor

The gurdwara is also notable for its location near the border between Pakistan and India. The shrine is visible from the Indian side of the border.[8] Indian Sikhs gather in large numbers on Gurpurab (Parkash Purab and Joti Jot Divas of Guru Nanak Dev Ji) to perform darshan, or sacred viewing of the site, from the Indian side of the border.[9] The Kartarpur Corridor was opened by Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan on 9 November 2019, the anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall and just days before the 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak. This historic moment officially allowed Indian Sikh pilgrims rare visa-free access to the site in Pakistan.[10][11] It is also claimed to be the largest gurdwara in the world.[12][13][14][15]

History

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Guru Nanak spent his final years in Kartarpur, where he established a community and preached the principles of 'Kirit Karni' (honest labor), 'Wand Chakna' (sharing with others), and 'Naam Japna' (meditation on the divine name).[16] He also engaged in farming during this time.

Following his death, a dispute arose over his 'chadar' (shawl) between Hindus and Muslims. This was resolved by dividing the chadar, with the Muslims burying their portion and the Sikhs cremating theirs. Due to periodic flooding of the cremation site by the Ravi River, Guru Nanak's son, Baba Sri Chand, moved the ashes to a safer location, which is now known as Dera Baba Nanak.[citation needed]

Location

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Gurdwara Kartarpur Sahib is located in the Shakargarh Tehsil of the Narowal District in Punjab, Pakistan.[17] It is a top tourist attraction for people visiting Pakistan. The shrine is located five kilometres from the Indo-Pakistani border.[citation needed]

Significance

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See also: Sikhism in Pakistan
 
"Death of Guru Nanak" from an Illustrated Janamsakhi manuscript. Punjab, late 18th century - early 19th century

The gurdwara was built to commemorate the site where Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, settled after his missionary work and did farming.[18][19] Guru Nanak founded the Kartarpur town by Ravi River in 1504, plowing the fields and setting up a community kitchen, or Langar.[20] He assembled a Sikh commune there, and lived for 18 years until his death on 22 September 1539. The gurdwara is built where Guru Nanak is said to have died.[5] It is therefore the second holiest site of the Sikh religion after Gurdwara Janam Asthan – the birthplace of Guru Nanak located in Nankana Sahib, Pakistan.[6]

Here, Guru Nanak gave the three principles of Kirat Karo, Naam Japo, Vand Chako, which means work hard for a livelihood, keep remembering God and share your bounties with the world. Guru's teachings have been peace, harmony, and universal brotherhood.[21] Guru Nanak believed in equality between castes, religions, and genders and gave the word Ik Onkar meaning there is only one God.[22]

According to Lahore-based art historian Fakr Syed Aijazuddin, the shrine houses the last copies of the original Guru Granth Sahib. A Sikh pilgrim remarked, "Every step here reminds us of the Guru's life".[23] Indian Sikhs gather in large numbers on bluffs on the Indian side of the border to obtain darshan, or sacred viewing, of the site.[9]

There is a popular legend about a dispute between the local Hindus and Muslims after Guru Nanak died. Muslims, who saw him as their pir, wanted to bury him while Hindus, who claimed Nanak as their guru, wanted to cremate his body. According to the legend Guru Nanak's body was instead turned into flowers, which were divided between the two communities.[20]

Shrine

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The Shrine is located at Kartarpur, a small town beside the River Ravi in Punjab and it is one of the holiest places for up to 30 million Sikhs around the world.[24] The main shrine building was built in 1925 at a cost of Rs. 1,35,600, donated by Sardar Bhupindar Singh, the Maharaja of Patiala.[23] It was repaired by the Government of Pakistan in 1995, and fully restored in 2004, at a significant cost. In May 2017, the US-based NGO "EcoSikh" proposed establishment of a 100-acre "sacred forest" around the shrine.[25] The Gurdwara was further expanded in November 2018 with the construction of a new courtyard, museum, library, dormitories and locker rooms spread across an area of 42 acres (17 hectares).[11] There is a 20-foot well, made of small red bricks which is 500 years old and believed to have been built during the lifetime of Guru Nanak Dev.[26]

Access via Kartarpur Corridor

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Main article: Kartarpur Corridor

Proposals for visa-free access

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The call for a visa-free Kartarpur Sahib corridor was an old, strong, persistent demand from the Sikh community.[27] The move was mooted first during the then Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s bus ride to Lahore in 1999, while Pakistani president Pervez Musharraf approved the idea in 2000, and issued various tenders for construction purposes.[28] India, however, maintained that the two-decade-old request has been lying pending with Pakistan.[29] As the shrine lies only 3 kilometers from the border with India, Pakistan, in the year 2000, agreed to allow Sikh pilgrims from India to visit the shrine visa-free by constructing a bridge from the border to the shrine.[30][31][32]

In May 2017, Indian parliamentary standing committee members announced that no such corridor would be established, given the poor state of India-Pakistan relations.[33] Instead, it was said that the government of India might install four binoculars for viewing the site from Dera Baba Nanak situated close to the India–Pakistan border in the Gurdaspur district of the Indian state of Punjab.[9]

In August 2018, then Tourism Minister of the Government of Punjab, Navjot Singh Sidhu was invited to the oath-taking ceremony of his friend from cricketing days and newly elected Prime Minister of Pakistan, Imran Khan. After facing criticism for receiving a hug from General Qamar Javed Bajwa, Chief of the Pakistan Army, Sidhu claimed that Bajwa had assured him of opening the corridor before the 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak.[34][35]

The Government of Pakistan in September 2018, unilaterally decided to open the corridor before the 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak for visa-free entry of 5000 Indian Sikhs per day from India to Pakistan.[36][37] The Government of India approved the building and development of Kartarpur corridor from Dera Baba Nanak in Gurdaspur district to International India–Pakistan border. The long-awaited Kartarpur Corridor is taking shape and has been termed a "Corridor of Peace.[38] The step was welcomed by Sikh community across the world. After the corridor opening was confirmed by Pakistan's information minister Fawad Chaudhry, Navjot Singh Sidhu appreciated the friendly gesture of Imran Khan.[39] Kartarpur Corridor was welcomed by United Nations and United States Department of State.[40][41]

Inauguration

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Ahead of Guru Nanak Dev's 550th Prakash Purab celebrations the Kartarpur corridor, connecting Sri Darbar Sahib Dera Baba Nanak in India's Punjab with Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur, was thrown open on 9 November 2019 (the anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall) facilitating the first Jatha (batch) of more than 550 pilgrims to travel to the last resting place of Guru Nanak Dev.[42] On Indian side, Prime Minister Narendra Modi thanked his Pakistani counterpart Imran Khan for respecting sentiments of Indians[43] and flagged off the pilgrimage and handed over the flag of the Jatha to Jathedar of Akal Takht Giani Harpreet Singh.[44]

Under the leadership of Akal Takht jathedar Giani Harpreet Singh, the Jatha traveled through the corridor into Pakistan to pay obeisance at Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur.[45] On Pakistan side, Imran Khan received the pilgrims[46] and formally inaugurated the Kartarpur corridor by removing a curtain that was lifted by hot air balloons to reveal a huge Kirpan (dagger).[47] Giani Harpreet Singh, speaking at the occasion, thanked both governments for corridor and requested corridor access to Pakistani Sikhs to pay obeisance at Sri Darbar Sahib Dera Baba Nanak on Indian side.[48] Poetry about Guru Nanak, from Muhammad Iqbal's Bang-e-Dara was read by former Indian prime minister Dr. Manmohan Singh and also by Pakistani speakers at inauguration.[49][50][51]

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    Photograph published in the early 1960s of the gurdwara site
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    complete view of Gurdwara sahib complex
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    The Gurdwara before construction of the Kartarpur corridor
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    Darshan Deori (gateway)
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    Artistic presentation of Siri Sahib ,one of five symbols of Sikhism.
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    Sarovar Sahib
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    Langar Hall
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    Baba Nanak's Well
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    Inside Gurdwara's sanctum sanctorum
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    Khue Sahib (Persian wheel)
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    Site of Gurdwara Darbar Sahib in Kartarpur
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    Agricultural fields where Guru Nanak used to perform cultivation, Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur ,Pakistan
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    Interior view of the darbar hall of Gurdwara Darbar Sahib
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    Diwan Hall of the Kartarpur Sahib complex

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Virdee, Pippa (5 December 2018). "Sikh shrines in India and Pakistan – why construction of visa-free Kartarpur corridor is so historic". The Conversation. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  2. ^ "In pictures: Spruced up Gurdwara Darbar Sahib set to welcome Sikh pilgrims from around the world". DAWN.COM. 8 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  3. ^ Sheikh, Abdul Majid (7 November 2019). "COMMENT: Guru Nanak travelled widely but always returned to Kartarpur". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  4. ^ "Guru Nanak: A wandering religious preacher". Outlook India. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  5. ^ a b Singh, H. S. (2000). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism. Hemkunt Press. ISBN 9788170103011. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  6. ^ a b "The spirit of Kartarpur". The Tribune. 10 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  7. ^ "Guru Nanak: Sikh founder's 550th birthday celebrated". BBC. 12 November 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
  8. ^ "Pakistan 'blocks' darshan of Gurdwara Kartarpur Sahib". Times of India. 26 October 2017.
  9. ^ a b c "MP wants Kartarpur Sahib corridor to be in Indo-Pak talks agenda". Times of India. 8 April 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  10. ^ Masih, Niha. "In goodwill gesture, Pakistan opens corridor to Sikh shrine for Indian pilgrims amid wider tensions". Washington Post. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  11. ^ a b "India pilgrims in historic trip to Pakistan temple". 9 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  12. ^ "Kartarpur Corridor: India and Pakistan sign deal on Sikh Temple project and renovation making it biggest in the world". BBC World News. 24 October 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  13. ^ "Imran Khan to open Kartarpur Corridor to India on November 9". Gulf News. 20 October 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
  14. ^ Jamal, Sana (7 November 2019). "What is significance of Kartarpur?". Gulf News. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
  15. ^ "US welcomes opening of Kartarpur corridor". India Today. 10 November 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2019. Guru Nanak Dev spent the last 18 years of his life at Kartarpur Sahib, which has now become the world's largest Sikh Gurdwara.
  16. ^ "Historical Facts related to BEDIs & Dera Baba Nanak". bedifoundation.org. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  17. ^ "Pakistan opens corridor to sacred Sikh shrine - Taipei Times". Taipei Times. 9 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  18. ^ "Sikhism founder Guru Nanak was a wanderer and mystic". Anadolu Ajansı. 11 November 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  19. ^ "Hundreds of Indian Sikhs make historic pilgrimage to Pakistan". TRT World. 9 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  20. ^ a b Regan, Helen (8 November 2019). "Historic Kartarpur 'peace corridor' between India and Pakistan opens". CNN Travel. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  21. ^ "8 reasons why the Kartarpur Sahib Corridor is important to Sikhs". DailyO. 2021-11-17. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  22. ^ "Guru Nanak: A look at an extraordinary life on the anniversary of his passing". Free Press Journal. 2021-09-22. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  23. ^ a b Suhasini Haidar, Time-travelling, on the corridor to Kartarpur shrine, The Hindu, 30 December 2018.
  24. ^ "Hundreds of Indian Sikhs to make historic pilgrimage to Pakistan". France 24. 9 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  25. ^ "'Sacred' forest mooted for Gurdwara Kartarpur Sahib". Times of India. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  26. ^ "500-year-old well discovered near gurdwara on Kartarpur corridor in Pakistan". Gulf News. 28 April 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  27. ^ "Pakistan opens visa-free border crossing for India Sikhs". news.yahoo.com. 9 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  28. ^ Rizwan, Sheharyar (18 September 2018). "Footprints: The borders of man". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  29. ^ "Kartarpur corridor: Political expediency is forcing India into an epic blunder and handing Pakistan tactical leverage". www.firstpost.com. 24 November 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  30. ^ "Kartarpur Sahib Corridor: Timeline to the landmark event in Pakistan". Business Standard India. 10 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  31. ^ Rana, Yudhvir (27 June 2010). "Pakistan ready for corridor". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  32. ^ "KARTARPUR SAHIB - The Corridor to International Peace".
  33. ^ "Corridor connecting India with Kartarpur Sahib shrine in Pak ruled out". Tribune India. 2 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  34. ^ Singh, Jupinderjit (23 August 2018). "Kartarpur corridor mission for 24 yrs, he now sees hope". Tribune India.
  35. ^ Singh, Rajmeet (22 August 2018). "Govt to approach PM on Kartarpur corridor". Tribune India.
  36. ^ "Sikhs to get visa-free access to Kartarpur gurdwara: Pakistan | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 8 September 2018.
  37. ^ "'Big moment': Indian Sikhs on historic pilgrimage to Pakistan". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  38. ^ "Kartarpur Corridor | Symbol of International Peace and Harmony". kartarpurcorridor.com.
  39. ^ "Sidhu thanks 'friend' Imran for Kartarpur corridor announcement".
  40. ^ Associated Press Of Pakistan. "Kartarpur corridor to pave way for understanding between India, Pakistan: UN chief". Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  41. ^ "Kartarpur sets positive example, says US". DAWN.COM. 10 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  42. ^ "Pakistan Opens Visa-Free Border Crossing for Indian Sikh Pilgrims". Voice of America. 9 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  43. ^ "Narendra Modi thanks Imran Khan for timely opening of Kartarpur corridor". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  44. ^ "Indian PM Modi inaugurates Kartarpur corridor, flags off first batch of pilgrims". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  45. ^ "Akal Takht chief to lead first jatha". Hindustan Times. 8 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  46. ^ "India-Pakistan: First pilgrims make new border crossing to Sikh temple". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  47. ^ "Hundreds of Indian Sikhs make historic pilgrimage to Pakistan". Arab News. 9 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  48. ^ "Allow Pak Sikhs to visit Dera Baba Nanak: Takht jathedar". Hindustan Times. 9 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  49. ^ "Sikhs make it to holy shrine : PM opens Kartarpur Corridor". AAJ News. Archived from the original on 25 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  50. ^ "Difficult questions stare at us, Guru Nanak's teachings can save us: Manmohan". Hindustan Times. 6 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  51. ^ "What Allama Iqbal's poetry can teach us about Guru Nanak". www.dailyo.in. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
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