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Kashiwazaki (柏崎市, Kashiwazaki-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of November 30, 2020[update], the city had an estimated population of 81,836 in 34,883 households,[1] and a population density of 187 persons per km². The total area of the city was 442.03 square kilometres (170.67 sq mi).
Kashiwazaki
柏崎市 | |
|---|---|
 View from Shopping Mall Fonjie | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Location of Kashiwazaki in Niigata | |
  Kashiwazaki | |
| Coordinates: 37°22′18.9″N 138°33′32.4″E / 37.371917°N 138.559000°E | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Chūbu (Kōshin'etsu) (Hokuriku) |
| Prefecture | Niigata |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Masahiro Sakurai |
| Area | |
• Total | 442.03 km2 (170.67 sq mi) |
| Population (November 30, 2020) | |
• Total | 81,836 |
| • Density | 190/km2 (480/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time) |
| Phone number | 0257-23-5111 |
| Address | 5-50, Chūōchō, Kashiwazaki-shi, Niigata-ken 945-8511 |
| Climate | Cfa |
| Website | Official website |
| Symbols | |
| Bird | Swan |
| Flower | Lilium auratum |
| Tree | Sakura |
Geography
edit
Kashiwazaki is located in a coastal region of south-central Niigata Prefecture. Part of the city is within the borders of the Sado-Yahiko-Yoneyama Quasi-National Park. The highest elevation is the summit of Mount Gozu at 912 meters.
Surrounding municipalities
editClimate
editKashiwazaki has a Humid climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm, wet summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Kashiwazaki is 13.5 °C (56.3 °F). The average annual rainfall is 2,411.3 mm (94.93 in) with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.7 °C (78.3 °F), and lowest in February, at around 2.9 °C (37.2 °F).[2]
| Climate data for Kashiwazaki (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.0 (64.4) |
22.6 (72.7) |
23.9 (75.0) |
30.8 (87.4) |
32.6 (90.7) |
34.6 (94.3) |
37.0 (98.6) |
38.8 (101.8) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.1 (95.2) |
27.1 (80.8) |
22.4 (72.3) |
38.8 (101.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.3 (43.3) |
6.7 (44.1) |
10.1 (50.2) |
15.9 (60.6) |
21.1 (70.0) |
24.3 (75.7) |
28.3 (82.9) |
30.1 (86.2) |
26.3 (79.3) |
20.8 (69.4) |
15.1 (59.2) |
9.4 (48.9) |
17.9 (64.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.0 (37.4) |
2.9 (37.2) |
5.5 (41.9) |
10.8 (51.4) |
16.1 (61.0) |
20.2 (68.4) |
24.3 (75.7) |
25.7 (78.3) |
21.7 (71.1) |
15.9 (60.6) |
10.2 (50.4) |
5.5 (41.9) |
13.5 (56.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
1.0 (33.8) |
5.4 (41.7) |
11.1 (52.0) |
16.3 (61.3) |
20.9 (69.6) |
21.7 (71.1) |
17.7 (63.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
5.8 (42.4) |
1.9 (35.4) |
9.4 (48.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9.9 (14.2) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
2.8 (37.0) |
7.9 (46.2) |
12.7 (54.9) |
13.5 (56.3) |
6.9 (44.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 288.4 (11.35) |
169.3 (6.67) |
148.6 (5.85) |
109.1 (4.30) |
100.9 (3.97) |
140.6 (5.54) |
221.5 (8.72) |
176.4 (6.94) |
180.5 (7.11) |
198.7 (7.82) |
321.0 (12.64) |
356.2 (14.02) |
2,411.3 (94.93) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 123 (48) |
108 (43) |
24 (9.4) |
1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
34 (13) |
290 (114) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 25.7 | 20.3 | 18.5 | 13.0 | 10.8 | 11.1 | 13.4 | 11.3 | 13.9 | 15.0 | 20.1 | 24.5 | 197.6 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 3 cm) | 11.7 | 11.0 | 2.7 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.9 | 29.4 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 38.9 | 63.9 | 126.1 | 184.1 | 212.4 | 170.6 | 167.2 | 216.1 | 147.9 | 133.1 | 91.5 | 52.5 | 1,601.6 |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[3][2] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
editPer Japanese census data,[4] the population of Kashiwazaki has been declining for the past 30 years.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 108,331 | — |
| 1970 | 94,990 | −12.3% |
| 1980 | 95,892 | +0.9% |
| 1990 | 99,265 | +3.5% |
| 2000 | 97,896 | −1.4% |
| 2010 | 91,451 | −6.6% |
| 2020 | 81,526 | −10.9% |
History
editThe area of present-day Kashiwazaki was part of ancient Echigo Province and developed as a post station on the Hokuriku-dō highway. Under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, parts of what is now Kashiwazaki were under the control of Shiiya Domain, a minor fudai feudal domain ruled by a junior branch of the Hori clan,[5] while other parts were tenryō territory under direct control of the shogunate, or were exclaves of Kuwana Domain (Ise Province), Kaminoyama Domain (Mutsu Province), Nagaoka Domain (Echigo Province) or Yoita Domain (Echigo Province). Pre-modern Kashiwazaki was located within the holdings of Kuwana Domain. The modern town of Kashiwazaki was established on April 1, 1889, within Kariwa District, Niigata with the establishment of the municipalities system. During the Meiji period, the discovery of petroleum in the area led to an economic boom and increase in population. Kashiwazaki was elevated to city status on 1 July 1940. (It was the fifth city created within Niigata Prefecture).
On November 1, 1968, Kashiwaza absorbed the village of Kurohime, followed by the town of Kitajō on May 1, 1971 (both from Kariwa District). The city annexed part of the town of Kakizaki (from Nakakubiki District) on April 1, 1989 and the towns of Nishiyama and Takayanagi (both from Kariwa District) on May 1, 2005.[6][7]
2007 earthquake
editOn July 16, 2007, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake hit off the coast of Kashiwazaki, killing 11 people,[8] and injuring more than 700, causing massive power outages, a tsunami warning, and other disasters. The quake forced the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant to shut down for 10 months as of May 2008.[9][10]
Government
edit
Kashiwazaki has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 26 members. The city contributes two members to the Niigata Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Niigata 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.
Economy
editKashiwazaki has traditionally been a center for commercial fishing, machinery, glassware and lumber processing. The city is home to the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power plant, the largest nuclear generating station in the world by net electrical power rating.
Bourbon, a major confectionery company in Japan, is headquartered in Kashiwazaki.[11]
Education
editColleges and universities
editPrimary and secondary education
editKashiwazaki has 27 public elementary schools and 12 public middle schools operated by the city. There are five public high schools operated by the Niigata Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates two special education schools for the handicapped.
Transportation
edit
Railway
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- Kashiwazaki - Higashi-Kashiwazaki - Nishi-Nakadōri - Arahama - Kariwa - Nishiyama - Raihai - Ishiji
- Yoneyama - Kasashima - Ōmigawa - Kujiranami - Kashiwazaki - Ibarame - Yasuda - Kitajō - Echigo-Hirota - Nagatori
Highway
edit
Hokuriku Expressway – Yoneyama IC, Kashiwazaki IC, Nishiyama IC
National Route 8
National Route 116
National Route 252
National Route 291
National Route 352
National Route 353
National Route 460
Sister cities
edit
Emeishan City, Sichuan, China, friendship city since August 2, 1994[12]
Local attractions
edit
- Shimoyachi Site, a National Historic Site.
- Kashiwazaki is host to many cultural events every year, including the Kaze no Jin festival in May, En Ma Ichi in June, DonGALA in July, and Gion, also in July.
Notable people from Kashiwazaki
edit- Ikuo Hirayama, former governor of Niigata Prefecture
- Tsunesaburo Makiguchi, first president of Sōka Gakkai
- Mihiro, singer and actress
- Makoto Ogawa, singer (former member of Morning Musume)
- Ikue Ōtani, actress
- Daisuke Sakaguchi, voice actor
- Motoei Shinzawa, manga artist
- Kakuei Tanaka, politician and the 64th and 65th Prime Minister of Japan
- Makiko Tanaka, politician
- Hiroki Yagami, manga artist
- Akiko Yajima, voice actress
References
edit- ^ "Kashiwazaki city official statistics" (in Japanese). Japan.
- ^ a b 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
- ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
- ^ "Kashiwazaki population statistics". citypopulation.de. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
- ^ 椎谷藩 [Shiiya Clan]. asahi-net.or.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved March 14, 2019.
- ^ "柏崎市の合併概要|柏崎市公式ホームページ" [A Summary of Kashiwazaki City Mergers | The Official Homepage of Kashiwazaki City]. Kashiwazaki City (in Japanese). Retrieved February 6, 2024.
- ^ 住民基本台帳人口移動報告年報 [Annual Report on Population Movement in the Basic Resident Register] (in Japanese). 総務庁統計局. 2005. p. 139.
Takayanagi-machi and Nishiyama-machi were incorporated into Kashiwazaki-shi as of May 1, 2005.
- ^ Alex K. Tang, PE and Anshel J. Schiff, ed. (2007). Kashiwazaki, Japan Earthquake of July 16, 2007. Reston, VA: ASCE, Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering. ISBN 9780784410622. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved July 13, 2012.
- ^ Kwok, Vivian Wai-yin (July 17, 2007). "Japanese Stocks Hit By Aftershocks Of Quake". Forbes. Archived from the original on June 9, 2008. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
- ^ McErlain, Eric (July 17, 2007). "More on the Japan Quake and the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Plant". NEI Nuclear Notes. Nuclear Energy Institute. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
- ^ "BOURBON: Company Profile: Manufacturing Quality Headquarters". Bourbon Corporation Japan. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
- ^ "International Exchange". List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures. Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR). Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2016.
External links
edit
- Official Website (in Japanese)