Indonesia–Kazakhstan relations refer to bilateral relations between Indonesia and Kazakhstan. The two countries officially established relations in 1993 and share some similarities; both countries possess abundance of natural resources, have predominantly Muslim populations with significant Christian minorities, ensure harmonious diversity and a commitment to human rights and democracy.[1] Both nations have agreed to increase cooperation in several economic sectors, such as agriculture, industry, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, transportation infrastructure and machinery manufacture.[2] Indonesia has an embassy in Astana, while Kazakhstan has an embassy in Jakarta. Both nations are members of the Asia Cooperation Dialogue, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the United Nations.
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History
editThe relations started with Indonesia's recognition of the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan on 16 December 1991. On 2 June 1993, Indonesia and Kazakhstan officially established diplomatic relations.[3] However, it was not until 29 December 2010 that Indonesia opened their embassy in Astana Kazakhstan reciprocated on 13 April 2012 by the opening of the Kazakh embassy in Jakarta.[1][4]
High level visits
editIndonesian President Suharto paid a state visit to Almaty in April 1995, which was reciprocated by a state visit from President Nursultan Nazarbayev to Jakarta just over three months later. President Nazarbayev paid a state visit to Jakarta from 12 to 14 April 2012. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono reciprocated with a visit to Astana on 2 September 2013.[1]
Trade and investment
editAccording to Indonesian Ministry of Trade, the bilateral trade between Indonesia and Kazakhstan in 2012 reached US$63,156 million, a 90,5% increase compared to 2011 figure of US$33,153 million. The trade balance in 2012 was in favor to Kazakhstan that recorded US$46 million surplus over Indonesia.[4] The two countries will boost investment and trade, specifically in the wheat, cotton and rubber industries, as well as in the production and exploration of oil. One of which, a joint venture to produce tires in Kazakhstan with a value of investment of US$100 million.[2] There is also a plan to build an Indonesian instant noodle factory in Kazakhstan, since Indonesia is one of the world's largest producers and consumers of instant noodles and experienced in this industry, while Kazakhstan is one of the largest wheat producers in the region, which will render the supply and production process more cheap and practical. This is an opportunity for Indonesian instant noodle brands to penetrate Central Asian, Russian, and even European markets.[5] This practice has been done by Indonesian instant noodle brand Indomie that invested in Nigeria.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Foster Gultom (June 1, 2013). "Indonesia-Kazakhstan ties: To make the dream come true". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
- ^ a b Yohanna Ririhena (December 13, 2012). "Kazakhstan to prioritize relations with Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
- ^ "Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
- ^ a b Arifin Asydhad (September 2, 2013). "Indonesia dan Kazakhstan Bertekad Tingkatkan Kerjasama" (in Indonesian). Detik.com. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
- ^ Panca Hari Prabowo (September 2, 2013). "Kazakhstan tertarik mie instan produksi Indonesia" (in Indonesian). Antara News. Retrieved May 4, 2014.