Kalar (Arabic: كلار; Sorani Kurdish: کەلار, romanized: Kelar)[3][4] is a city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and is the administrative center of the Garmian Region. It is located on the west bank of the Sirwan (Diyala) river in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, east of Kifri, and west of the towns of Qasri Shirin and Sarpol Zahab, located in Kermanshah.[1]
Kalar
کەلار Kelar | |
|---|---|
City | |
 The view of Kalar from Sherwana Castle | |
  Kalar Kalar in Iraq | |
| Coordinates: 34°37′45″N 45°19′20″E / 34.62917°N 45.32222°E | |
| Country |  Iraq |
| Autonomous Region |  Kurdistan Region |
| Governorate | Sulaymaniyah |
| District | Kalar |
| Elevation | 200−255[1] m (758 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 250,000[1] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (UTC+3) |
Geography
editKalar is a town located in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It is situated in a valley surrounded by mountains and is approximately 80 kilometers southwest of Sulaymaniyah city. [5]
History
editKalar has a rich historical background, with evidence of settlement dating back to ancient times. The town has been influenced by various cultures and civilizations, including the Assyrians and Babylonians. During the 20th century, Kalar played a significant role in the Kurdish struggle for autonomy in Iraq. [6]
Demographics
editKalar is predominantly inhabited by Kurds, with a significant number of Sunni Muslims. The town is known for its cultural diversity and strong Kurdish identity, with many residents engaged in preserving Kurdish language and traditions. [7]
Economy
editThe economy of Kalar is mainly based on agriculture, with residents cultivating crops such as wheat, barley, and various fruits and vegetables. Additionally, livestock farming is common in the surrounding areas. The town also benefits from trade with nearby regions due to its strategic location. [8]
Culture
editKalar is known for its rich cultural heritage, with various traditional Kurdish practices, music, and dance. The town hosts cultural events and festivals that celebrate Kurdish identity, attracting visitors and promoting local arts. [9]
Tourism
editKalar is becoming an increasingly popular destination for tourists due to its scenic landscapes and cultural heritage. The town features beautiful natural attractions, including mountains and rivers, which provide opportunities for hiking, picnicking, and other outdoor activities. [10]
Climate
editKalar is located in the Garmian Region in Southern Kurdistan and is known for having a warm and dry climate, occasionally reaching over 50°C (122°F) in the summer. It is warmest in July and coldest in January. The temperature rarely reaches below 0°C (32°F) in the winter. According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system, Kalar has a Semi-arid climate (BSh).
| Climate data for Kalar, Iraq | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.24 (66.63) |
20.26 (68.47) |
28.36 (83.05) |
31.4 (88.5) |
38.49 (101.28) |
45.58 (114.04) |
47.6 (117.7) |
45.58 (114.04) |
43.55 (110.39) |
27.35 (81.23) |
35.45 (95.81) |
25.32 (77.58) |
47.6 (117.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.76 (49.57) |
11.52 (52.74) |
15.92 (60.66) |
21.86 (71.35) |
28.62 (83.52) |
36.04 (96.87) |
40.25 (104.45) |
40.18 (104.32) |
35.11 (95.20) |
17.81 (64.06) |
27.02 (80.64) |
12.28 (54.10) |
24.70 (76.46) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.54 (43.77) |
7.94 (46.29) |
11.94 (53.49) |
17.56 (63.61) |
24.42 (75.96) |
31.46 (88.63) |
35.46 (95.83) |
35.08 (95.14) |
30.07 (86.13) |
14.06 (57.31) |
22.51 (72.52) |
8.83 (47.89) |
20.49 (68.88) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.81 (35.26) |
2.54 (36.57) |
5.3 (41.5) |
9.31 (48.76) |
15.06 (59.11) |
20.84 (69.51) |
24.39 (75.90) |
24.39 (75.90) |
20.05 (68.09) |
8.3 (46.9) |
14.58 (58.24) |
4.0 (39.2) |
12.55 (54.58) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −8.1 (17.4) |
−7.09 (19.24) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
0.0 (32.0) |
5.06 (41.11) |
14.18 (57.52) |
18.23 (64.81) |
15.19 (59.34) |
12.15 (53.87) |
−4.05 (24.71) |
7.09 (44.76) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 165.46 (6.51) |
145.91 (5.74) |
182.21 (7.17) |
89.01 (3.50) |
68.4 (2.69) |
2.57 (0.10) |
0.58 (0.02) |
0.78 (0.03) |
1.69 (0.07) |
89.18 (3.51) |
52.39 (2.06) |
137.55 (5.42) |
935.73 (36.82) |
| Average precipitation days | 10.69 | 11.41 | 13.81 | 10.58 | 7.83 | 0.83 | 0.27 | 0.36 | 0.46 | 7.45 | 5.34 | 9.48 | 78.51 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 63.74 | 63.46 | 60.71 | 53.37 | 39.0 | 21.31 | 16.53 | 16.73 | 20.65 | 33.31 | 47.82 | 57.98 | 41.22 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 7.8 | 7.89 | 10.49 | 12.95 | 14.08 | 14.66 | 14.53 | 14.08 | 12.47 | 9.6 | 8.38 | 7.84 | 11.23 |
| Source: [11] | |||||||||||||
Notable inhabitants
editSee also
edit- Garmekan (Sasanian province located in modern-day Kurdistan Region of Iraq)
- Garmian Region
- Beth Garmai
References
edit- ^ a b c "Kalar | Unbelievable Kurdistan - Official Tourism Site of Kurdistan". bot.gov.krd. Retrieved 2024-04-24.
- ^ "Kalar". Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ خالد محمود کریم (July 2018). "کهلار و دهوروبهرى لهبهر ڕۆشنایى سهرچاوه مێژووییهکاندا (1800-1900ز)". Journal of Garmian University (in Kurdish). 5 (3): 111–136. doi:10.24271/garmian.367. ISSN 2522-3879. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ "Li Başûrê Kurdistanê bûyereke dijwar a trafîkê: 2 kes mirin". Rûdaw (in Kurdish). 16 June 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ "Kalar". GeoNames. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ Philip G. Kreyenbroek and Stefan Sperl (2000). A History of the Kurds. I.B. Tauris. p. 94. ISBN 978-1860645358.
- ^ "Kurdish Heritage". Kurdish Heritage. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ "Tourism in Kurdistan Region". Kurdistan24. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ "Cultural Significance of Kalar". Iraq Business News. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ "Tourism in Kurdistan Region". Kurdistan24. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ Kalar weather. "Kalar climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Kalar weather averages - Climate-Data.org". weatherandclimate.com/.