Kelly's Directory (or more formally, the Kelly's, Post Office and Harrod & Co Directory) was a trade directory in Britain that listed all businesses and tradespeople in a particular city or town, as well as a general directory of postal addresses of local gentry, landowners, charities, and other facilities. In effect, it was a Victorian version of today's Yellow Pages.[1] Many reference libraries still keep their copies of these directories, which are now an important source for historical research.
Origins
editThe eponymous originator of the directory was Frederic Festus Kelly. In 1835 or 1836 he became chief inspector of letter-carriers for the inland or general post office, and took over publication of the Post Office London Directory, whose copyright was in private hands despite its semi-official association with the post office, and which Kelly had to purchase from the widow of his predecessor.
He founded Kelly & Co. and he and various family members gradually expanded the company over the next several decades, producing directories for an increasing number of UK counties and buying out, or putting out of business, various competing publishers of directories.[2][3]
Other publications followed, including the Handbook to the Titled, Landed and Official Classes (1875) and Merchants, Manufacturers and Shippers (1877). In 1897, Kelly & Co Ltd became Kelly’s Directories Ltd.[4] This name stuck for another 106 years before being renamed Kellysearch in 2003 to reflect its focus away from hard copy directories and towards an Internet-based product search engine.
The front cover of a Kelly's Directory sometimes stated "Kelly's Directories Ltd., established 1799",[5] however this was based on the date of issue of the first Post Office London Directory by an earlier inspector of letter carriers several decades before Kelly's involvement with that publication.[6]
Kelly & Co Printers purchased the Middle Mill site on Kingston's Hogsmill River in 1879, becoming a major employer in the town. They closed production there in 1932 and moved to Andover.[7]
Kellysearch
editFor a short time, Kelly's existed online as Kellysearch (broken link), a directory similar to the online Yellow Pages. Kellysearch.com was established in Boston in 2004. It was in many different languages and introduced a fully searchable online-catalogue library and product press release section.
Research
editThe old editions of the Kelly’s Directories are seen as highly collectable and have also become a useful reference tool for people tracing the history of local areas. The contents are available to buy on CD-ROM from many entrepreneurial sources for this purpose. An extensive but incomplete collection of Kelly's Directories is held in the Guildhall Library[8] in London. The University of Leicester has an on-line collection of Historical Directories of England & Wales available for free.[9]
References
edit- ^ "Cottingham History". Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^ Pendred, John (1955). "Appendix H: General Directories". In Pollard, Graham (ed.). The Earliest Directory of the Book Trade (reprint of 1785 ed.). pp. 83–84. ISBN 0-19-721759-1.
The first directories of counties outside London were published by Kelly in 1845; and during the next sixteen years the series was extended throughout England. In 1892 Kelly's Directories Ltd. acquired the majority of shares in Isaac Slater Ltd. [...]; and the firm of William White of Sheffield [...] was absorbed in 1898.
- ^ "Historic Gazetteers, Trade and Commercial Directory listings - Huthwaite Online". www.huthwaite-online.net. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
- ^ "No. 26876". The London Gazette. 23 July 1897. p. 4149.
- ^ "Trade Directories". Stella & Rose's Books. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
- ^ Jane Elizabeth Norton (1966). "The Post Office London Directory". The Library (The Transactions of the Bibliographical Society). 5th series. 21 (4): 293–299. doi:10.1093/library/s5-XXI.4.293. hdl:2027/hvd.32044098323918.
The Post Office London Directory was started by two inspectors of the Inland letter-carriers called Ferguson and Sparkes… A third inspector, called B. Critchett, joined the enterprise in 1803 and later it was carried on by Critchett alone, then by Critchett and Woods, and then again by Critchett alone until his death in 1835. [sic; he died 18 September 1836]
- ^ Sampson, June (1997). Kingston Past. London: Historical Publications Ltd. p. 58. ISBN 0 948667 45 1.
- ^ "Trade directories and telephone books at Guildhall Library" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2012-07-31.
- ^ "Historical Directories of England & Wales". University of Leicester. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
Bibliography
edit- Jane Elizabeth Norton (1950). Guide to the national and provincial directories of England and Wales, excluding London, published before 1856 (1984 reprint ed.). Offices of the Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-86193-102-5. (original edition: ISBN 0-901050-15-6)
- A. V. Williams (1913). The development and growth of city directories. Williams directory co.
- Pendred, John (1955). "Appendix H: General Directories". In Pollard, Graham (ed.). The Earliest Directory of the Book Trade (reprint of 1785 ed.). pp. 83–84. ISBN 0-19-721759-1.
- Peter J. Atkins (1990). The directories of London, 1677-1977. Cassell and Mansell. ISBN 0-7201-2063-2.
External links
edit
- Historical Directories has extensive online versions of old editions for England and Wales
- Forebears has transcriptions of one edition for each county
- Norton, Jane Elizabeth (1966). "The Post Office London Directory". The Library (The Transactions of the Bibliographical Society). 5th series. 21 (4): 293–299. doi:10.1093/library/s5-XXI.4.293. hdl:2027/hvd.32044098323918.
- Atkins, Peter J. (May 1989). "The Compilation and Reliability of London Directories". The London Journal. 14 (1). Maney Publishing: 17–28. doi:10.1179/ldn.1989.14.1.17. ISSN 0305-8034.