Kalpin County[3][4][5][6][7] is a county in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Aksu Prefecture. The overwhelmingly Uyghur population of the county lives on oases at the base of the Tian Shan (Tangri Tagh) mountains and on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert.
Kalpin County
Kelpin, Koping | |
|---|---|
 | |
.png) Location of Kalpin County (red) within Aksu Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang | |
  Kalpin County Location of the seat  Kalpin County Kalpin County (China) | |
| Coordinates: 40°26′36″N 79°02′28″E / 40.44333°N 79.04111°E | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
| Prefecture | Aksu |
| County seat | Kelpin Town |
| Area | |
• Total | 8,912 km2 (3,441 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[2] | |
• Total | 50,619 |
| • Density | 5.7/km2 (15/sq mi) |
| Ethnic groups | |
| • Major ethnic groups | Uyghur[1] |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard[a]) |
| Website | www |
| Kalpin County | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uyghur name | |||||||||||
| Uyghur | كەلپىن ناھىيىسى | ||||||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 柯坪县 | ||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 柯坪縣 | ||||||||||
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History
edit
In 1902, a xiancheng (縣丞) was created at Kalpin. In 1930, a xianzhi (縣治) was created at Kalpin.[8]
According to Radio Free Asia, in 2008, Chinese authorities demolished a Uyghur mosque 80 km (50 mi) from the Upper Kumtagh village in Kalpin County because the mosque was said to be illegally built and said to have been conducting illegal religious activities.[7]
On February 20, 2009, a 5.2 magnitude earthquake struck at a location 35 km (22 mi) from the county seats of Kalpin and Akqi counties. 207 aftershocks had been recorded by 11 AM on February 22. More than ten thousand houses were damaged and 182 were destroyed. Forty tents[clarification needed] were set up and 12,400 people were relocated. The county received one million CNY in rescue funds from nearby government offices.[9]
On April 12, 2014 at 11:40 PM, Abdulbasit Ablimit (Abdubasit Ablimit), 17, of Qum'eriq[where?] village in Yurqi (Yurchi, Yu'erqi), was shot and killed by police while riding a motorcycle. Two other Uyghurs were injured. Four to five hundred people from their village participated in a protest at the county office demanding that the police officer be punished according to law. More than thirty of the protesters were detained and some were beaten.[10][11] Tianshannet reported that on the following Wednesday, a man in Urumqi was detained by police for spreading rumors about the incident.[12] The Uyghur American Association condemned the killing.[13]
On April 3, 2015, Aqal (ئاچال Aqiale, Achal), then a township, was made a town.[14]
According to research presented in The Diplomat, Xinjiang Nuodun Garment Co., Ltd. (新疆诺顿服装有限公司), a company based in Kalpin County, was founded in July 2017. The company has made shipments of men and women's trousers to four companies in the United States. The company is also mentioned in the context of Aksu Prefecture's wider policy related to re-education camps in the Aksu Daily.[6]
Geography
editThe county is made up of territory in the Tian Shan mountain range and the Taklamakan Desert. Kalpin, Gezlik and Yurqi are located west of Aqal. Qilan is located east of Aqal on the border with Aksu City. Mountain ranges in the county include Bozake Tagh, Kelpin Chöl Tagh, Chong Kizil Tagh, Kankerin Tagh, Chong Korum Tagh and Akin Bek Tagh. Rivers and streams in the county include Koram Boghuz, Chilan Su and Sargan.
Climate
edit| Climate data for Kalpin, elevation 1,162 m (3,812 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 9.2 (48.6) |
15.6 (60.1) |
27.8 (82.0) |
35.4 (95.7) |
36.2 (97.2) |
39.8 (103.6) |
41.9 (107.4) |
42.7 (108.9) |
37.2 (99.0) |
31.2 (88.2) |
23.9 (75.0) |
15.9 (60.6) |
42.7 (108.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.6 (30.9) |
5.9 (42.6) |
15.3 (59.5) |
23.6 (74.5) |
28.2 (82.8) |
31.7 (89.1) |
33.4 (92.1) |
32.3 (90.1) |
27.8 (82.0) |
20.7 (69.3) |
10.7 (51.3) |
1.5 (34.7) |
19.2 (66.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −7.5 (18.5) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
8.3 (46.9) |
16.3 (61.3) |
20.6 (69.1) |
23.8 (74.8) |
25.3 (77.5) |
24.2 (75.6) |
19.6 (67.3) |
11.9 (53.4) |
2.9 (37.2) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
11.6 (52.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −13.3 (8.1) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
1.5 (34.7) |
8.8 (47.8) |
13.3 (55.9) |
16.4 (61.5) |
18.2 (64.8) |
17.1 (62.8) |
12.3 (54.1) |
4.5 (40.1) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
4.9 (40.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −27.5 (−17.5) |
−28.1 (−18.6) |
−17.3 (0.9) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
3.5 (38.3) |
8.5 (47.3) |
9.5 (49.1) |
9.4 (48.9) |
3.2 (37.8) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−13.6 (7.5) |
−25.0 (−13.0) |
−28.1 (−18.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.0 (0.08) |
3.0 (0.12) |
4.0 (0.16) |
4.0 (0.16) |
13.8 (0.54) |
22.2 (0.87) |
26.6 (1.05) |
26.1 (1.03) |
15.0 (0.59) |
4.0 (0.16) |
0.9 (0.04) |
1.8 (0.07) |
123.4 (4.87) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 9.2 | 7.9 | 4.7 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 45.7 |
| Average snowy days | 4.7 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 4.4 | 13.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 66 | 55 | 40 | 33 | 37 | 42 | 46 | 49 | 51 | 51 | 57 | 69 | 50 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 185.7 | 181.5 | 194.6 | 207.8 | 248.5 | 267.8 | 274.6 | 257.2 | 238.1 | 242.9 | 197.7 | 172.6 | 2,669 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 61 | 59 | 52 | 51 | 55 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 65 | 72 | 68 | 60 | 61 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[15][16] | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
editKalpin County included three towns and two townships:[1][17][18]
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Administrative division code | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | |||||||
| Kalpin Town | 柯坪镇 | Kēpíng Zhèn | كەلپىن بازىرى | kelpin baziri | 652929100 | ||
| Gezlik Town | 盖孜力克镇 | Gàizīlìkè Zhèn | گەزلىك بازىرى | gezlik baziri | 652929101 | ||
| Aqal Town | 阿恰勒镇 | Āqiàlè Zhèn | ئاچال بازىرى[19] | Achal baziri | 652929102 | formerly Achal Township (阿恰勒乡) | |
| Townships | |||||||
| Yurqi Township[20] | 玉尔其乡 | Yù'ěrqí Xiāng | يۈرچى يېزىسى | yurchi yëzisi | 652929201 | ||
| Qilan Township | 启浪乡 | Qǐlàng Xiāng | چىلان يېزىسى[21] | chilan yëzisi | 652929203 | ||
Economy
editKalpin County's economy is primarily agricultural, producing wheat, corn, sorghum, cotton, etc. Animal husbandry is also strong, including the raising of camels, sheep and other animals. Mineral resources include sulfur. Industries include mining, concrete and cotton processing among others.[22]
Spoons and other tableware made from the fragrant wood of apricot trees are a traditional product produced in the county.[5]
There is 126,000 mu of arable land in the county.[1] As of 1885[update], there was about 4,270 acres (28,164 mu) of cultivated land in Kalpin.[23]
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 38,584 | — |
| 2010 | 44,261 | +1.38% |
| [17] | ||
As of 2015, 53,804 of the 55,425 residents of the county were Uyghur, 1,501 were Han Chinese and 120 were from other ethnic groups.[24]
According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 40,000.[citation needed]
As of 1999, 97.31% of the population of Kalpin County was Uyghur and 2.54% of the population was Han Chinese.[25]
Transportation
editHistorical maps
editHistorical English-language maps including Kalpin:
-
Map including Kalpin (1917) -
![Map including Kalpin (labeled as K'O-P'ING (KELPIN)) and surrounding region from the International Map of the World (AMS, 1950)[b]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/A-k%60o-su_NK-44_%281950%29_-_panoramio.jpg/230px-A-k%60o-su_NK-44_%281950%29_-_panoramio.jpg)
Map including Kalpin (labeled as K'O-P'ING (KELPIN)) and surrounding region from the International Map of the World (AMS, 1950)[b] -
Map including Kalpin (DMA, 1981) -
![From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Kalpin (labeled as K'o-p'ing (Kalpin)) (DMA, 1985)[c]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Operational_Navigation_Chart_F-6%2C_6th_edition.jpg/331px-Operational_Navigation_Chart_F-6%2C_6th_edition.jpg)
_p61_PLATE19._SINKIANG_(14597194848).jpg)
![Map including Kalpin (labeled as K'O-P'ING (KELPIN)) and surrounding region from the International Map of the World (AMS, 1950)[b]](/wiki/File:A-k%60o-su_NK-44_(1950)_-_panoramio.jpg)
![From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Kalpin (labeled as K'o-p'ing (Kalpin)) (DMA, 1985)[c]](/wiki/File:Operational_Navigation_Chart_F-6,_6th_edition.jpg)
See also
edit- Glycomyces tarimensis, discovered in soil from the county
Notes
edit- ^ Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.
- ^ From map: "THE DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES ON THIS MAP MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"
- ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative."
References
edit- ^ a b c d 柯坪县政府办公 (5 March 2019). 柯坪县行政区划 [Kalpin County Administrative Divisions]. 柯坪县人民政府 (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
- ^ The official spelling is "Kalpin" according to Zhōngguó dìmínglù 中国地名录 (Beijing, SinoMaps Press 1997); ISBN 7-5031-1718-4; p. 305.
- ^ Complete Atlas Of The World (3 ed.). Penguin Random House. 2016. p. 238 – via Internet Archive.
Kalpin
- ^ a b ZD, ed. (17 April 2017). "Across China: Born with a wooden spoon: Uygur father and son preserve ancient craft". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ a b Juozapas Bagdonas (16 November 2019). "Tracking Down the Fruits of Xinjiang's Forced Labor Industry". The Diplomat. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ a b Sarah Jackson-Han (23 June 2008). "Uyghur Mosque Demolished". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ 柯坪县政府办公 (15 March 2019). 柯坪县地域文化. 柯坪县人民政府 (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 5 May 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "Over 200 aftershocks jolt NW China county". China Internet Information Center. 23 February 2009. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ Eset Sulaiman; Shohret Hoshur; Parameswaran Ponnudurai (13 April 2014). "Uyghur Student Motorcyclist Who Beat Traffic Light Shot Dead". Radio Free Asia. Translated by Eset Sulaiman; Shohret Hoshur. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ Zhaung Pinghui (15 April 2014). "Uygurs protest over teenager's fatal shooting in Aksu city, Xinjiang". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "Xinjiang rumormonger detained after attacker's death". China Daily. 17 April 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "The Uyghur American Association Condemns the Extrajudicial Killing of 17-Year-Old Uyghur Student Abdulbasit Ablimit". Uyghur Human Rights Project. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
- ^ 关于同意柯坪县阿恰勒乡撤乡设镇的批复(新政函【2015】85号). 新疆民政. 26 May 2015. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ a b 柯坪县历史沿革 [Kalpin County Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 27 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
2000年第五次人口普查，柯坪县常住总人口38584人，{...}2010年第六次人口普查，柯坪县常住总人口44261人，其中：柯坪镇8031人，盖孜力克乡12686人，玉尔其乡11085人，阿恰勒乡7309人，启浪乡5150人。 2013年1月23日，自治区政府（新政函[2013]17号）批复同意将柯坪县61.798平方千米区域划归阿拉尔市管辖。 2014年10月21日，自治区政府（新政函[2014]193号）批复同意撤销盖孜力克乡，设立盖孜力克镇。调整后，全县辖2个镇、3个乡：柯坪镇、盖孜力克镇、玉尔其乡、阿恰勒乡、启浪乡。 2015年4月3日，自治区政府（新政函[2015]85号）批复同意撤销阿恰勒乡，设立阿恰勒镇。调整后，全县辖3个镇、2个乡。
- ^ 2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：柯坪县 [2019 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Kalpin County] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
统计用区划代码 名称 652929100000 柯坪镇 652929101000 盖孜力克镇 652929102000 阿恰勒镇 652929201000 玉尔其乡 652929203000 启浪乡
- ^ ئاچال (Variant Non-Roman Script - VS) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ Zhong Xingqi 钟兴麒, ed. (July 2008). 西域地名考录 (in Simplified Chinese). Beijing: 国家图书馆出版社. p. 1134. ISBN 978-7-5013-3628-9.
玉尔其 yù ěr qí Yurqi 乡名。新疆柯坪县玉尔其乡，在县城北3公里。
- ^ چىلان (Variant Non-Roman Script - VS) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ 夏征农; 陈至立, eds. (September 2009). 辞海：第六版彩图本 [Cihai (Sixth Edition in Color)] (in Chinese). 上海. Shanghai: 上海辞书出版社. Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. p. 1228. ISBN 978-7-5326-2859-9.
- ^ Herold J. Wiens (November 1966). "Cultivation Development and Expansion in China's Colonial Realm in Central Asia". The Journal of Asian Studies. 26 (1): 75. doi:10.2307/2051832. JSTOR 2051832. S2CID 162339064.
- ^ 3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 (in Simplified Chinese). Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 15 March 2017. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
- ^ Morris Rossabi, ed. (2004). Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers (PDF). University of Washington Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-295-98390-6.
External links
edit
- 《远方的家》 20200129 美食过大年 最是难忘家乡味| CCTV中文国际 (in Chinese) (includes a segment on food in Kalpin County)