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Kerry babies case

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The Kerry babies case (Irish: Leanaí Chiarraí)[1][2] was a 1984 investigation by the Garda Síochána in County Kerry, Ireland, into the killing of one newborn baby and the alleged killing of another, and the subject of a 3-part 2023 (UK) Channel 4 documentary “Murdered: The Baby On The Beach.” The mother who concealed the second baby, Joanne Hayes, was arrested and charged with the murder of the first baby, of which she was erroneously thought to be the mother. The Gardaí were forced to drop the charges four years later and a tribunal of inquiry (the "Kerry Babies Tribunal") was launched. Its report was critical of the Garda conduct of the investigations, and it also concluded that Hayes had precipitated the death of her baby. Hayes has disputed this finding, and no charges were pressed. The parents and killer of the first baby have never been publicly identified, though arrests of a man and woman were made in 2023. In 2020, the Irish State formally apologised after 36 years to Joanne Hayes for wrongly accusing her of the murder and for the "appalling hurt and distress caused".[3]

Kerry babies case is located in Ireland
Cahersiveen
Cahersiveen
Abbeydorney
Abbeydorney
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Locations associated with the Kerry Babies case

Events

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On 14 April 1984, a newborn baby boy was found dead with a broken neck and 28 stab wounds.[4] The body was discovered on White Strand beach at Caherciveen, County Kerry.[5] A woman, Joanne Hayes from Abbeydorney, approximately 80 kilometres (50 miles) away, who was known to have been pregnant, was arrested. She and her family confessed to the murder of the baby but later withdrew their confessions and admitted instead that Hayes's baby had been born on the family farm, had died shortly after birth, and had been wrapped in a plastic bag and buried on the farm in secret. Initially the Gardai conducted a half-hearted search and declared that no body had been found and that the family’s confessions were the true account of what had happened. It was only when a more thorough search was conducted that the body of a baby boy was discovered on the farm. Tests showed that this baby had the same blood type, type O, as Hayes and the baby's (married) father, Jeremiah Locke. However, the baby on the beach had blood group A.[6][7] The Gardaí nevertheless insisted that Hayes had become pregnant simultaneously by two different men (through heteropaternal superfecundation) and had given birth to both children, killing the one found on the beach. Another theory put forward was that the baby's blood type had changed due to decomposition.[8]

Hayes was charged with murder, but the charge was thrown out by a judge, and the Kerry Babies Tribunal, headed by Mr Justice Kevin Lynch, was set up to investigate the behaviour of the Gardaí in the case. Judge Lynch found that Joanne Hayes killed the baby on the farm by choking it to stop it crying, in spite of state pathologist Dr John Harbison's inability to determine the cause of death.[8] Judge Lynch rejected claims by the Hayes family that they had been assaulted by Gardaí and that the confessions were obtained through coercion.[9] Joanne Hayes had claimed that Gardaí slapped, threatened, and coerced her into making a false confession, and other family members had alleged that Gardaí used harassment and physical intimidation to get false confessions.[10] Gene Kerrigan commented in 2006, "In the opinion of some, the report never convincingly explained how people who were entirely innocent of any involvement whatever in stabbing a baby should make very detailed confessions that fitted into the facts of the baby found on the beach."[11] The case was also noteworthy for having a psychiatrist admit under oath that the definition of sociopath he had used to describe Joanne Hayes in his testimony would apply to "about half the population of the country".[12]

Repercussions

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The case raised serious questions about the culture of the Garda Síochána, and the treatment of unmarried mothers in Irish society. Journalist Nell McCafferty's book about the case was titled A Woman to Blame. Joanne Hayes co-wrote a book with John Barrett about her experience called My Story. Four Gardaí on the case took legal action against the authors and publishers of the book, as well as shops that sold it. They received out-of-court settlements totalling over €127,000.[13][14]

In the aftermath of the case the murder squad was disbanded, and the four Gardaí assigned to desk duties, in what was seen as a demotion. In 2004, Joanne Hayes offered to undergo a DNA test to establish that she was not the mother of the baby on the beach. Additionally, one of the officers on the case, Gerry O'Carroll, also sought such a test, saying that he believed the tests would prove the superfecundation theory correct.

The killer of the baby on the beach, later named "Baby John", has never been identified. The gravesite has been repeatedly vandalised, but no suspect has ever been identified for this either.[15] In March 2023, a man and a woman were arrested in connection with the case, with DNA proving they were the parents of Baby John.[16]

Case review

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A Garda review of the DNA evidence, announced on 16 January 2018, confirmed that Joanne Hayes was not the mother of the infant found at White Strand.[7] Irish national media reported that Acting Garda Commissioner Dónall Ó Cualáin offered a full verbal and written apology to Joanne Hayes.[17] This was followed by an apology from the Minister for Justice, Charlie Flanagan and the Taoiseach, Leo Varadkar.[18]

A new investigation into the circumstances of Baby John's death was also launched.[19][20] In September 2018 it was reported that Gardaí were following up on aspects of the original investigation and engaged in house-to-house inquiries on Valentia Island (the island opposite the beach on which Baby John was discovered), as "part of the general investigation".[21]

In 2020 the State apologised to Joanne Hayes and the Hayes family for their treatment at the hands of the Gardaí and for the false accusations that were levelled at them. Substantial compensation was paid by the state after the family launched proceedings to establish that the findings of wrongdoings by them in the tribunal were unfounded and incorrect.[22] No criminal proceedings have yet been brought against any of the Gardaí involved.

On the morning of 14 September 2021, the remains of Baby John were exhumed by Gardaí at Holy Cross Cemetery, Caherciveen, County Kerry.[23] The baby's remains were taken to the morgue at University Hospital Kerry in Tralee, for examination as part of the ongoing investigation.[24]

On 23 March 2023 Gardaí announced that a man in his 60s and a woman in her 50s had been arrested on suspicion of murder in Munster and were being held at Garda stations in relation to the case. DNA tests proved they were the biological parents of Baby John.[25]

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In 2016, the Kerry babies case was the subject of a film titled Out of Innocence[26] starring Fiona Shaw and Alun Armstrong and distributed by Mbur Indie Film Distribution.[27] A 2019 scholarly article suggests that unfamiliarity with the poorly-documented "killeen" (or "Cillín") custom (the burial of stillborn babies in unconsecrated ground, which was once prevalent in Kerry) may have been a factor in the case.[28]

In December 2023, the UK television Channel 4 broadcast a documentary of three episodes."Murdered: The baby on the beach".

See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ "Leithscéal gafa le Joanne Hayes agus a muintir faoi chás Leanaí Chiarraí". Tuairisc.ie. 18 December 2020.
  2. ^ "Gardaí ag caint le daoine i nDairbhre faoi 'Leanaí Chiarraí'". RTÉ. 24 September 2018.
  3. ^ "Kerry Babies: 'Suffering finally behind us' says Hayes" (Archived 18 December 2020 at the Wayback Machine), RTÉ News, 2020-12-18.
  4. ^ "Truth of Kerry babies buried in secrets and lies". November 2009.
  5. ^ "Grim discovery one of three in seven years". Kerryman.ie. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  6. ^ "Kerry Babies: An unsolved murder 34 years after Ireland put 'womanhood on trial'". The Journal. 16 January 2018. Archived from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  7. ^ a b Roche, Barry (16 January 2018). "'Kerry babies' case to be reviewed based on new evidence". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  8. ^ a b Gene Kerrigan and Pat Brennan (1999). This Great Little Nation. Gill & Macmillan, pp. 177-178. ISBN 0-7171-2937-3.
  9. ^ "Kerry Babies: Tribunal report was controversial, divisive, and raised more questions than answers". Irish Examiner. 18 January 2018. Archived from the original on 15 August 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  10. ^ Maguire, Moira J (Summer 2001). "The changing face of Catholic Ireland: Conservatism and liberalism in the Ann Lovett and Kerry Babies scandals" (PDF). Feminist Studies. 27 (2). College Park: University of Maryland: 335–358. doi:10.2307/3178762. JSTOR 3178762. PMID 17933076. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2013. The day after the charges were dropped, the Hayes family lodged complaints against Gardaí involved in the investigation. Joanne Hayes claimed that Gardaí slapped, threatened, and coerced her into making a false confession in the murder of the Cahirciveen baby. Others alleged that Gardaí used harassment and physical intimidation to elicit confessions
  11. ^ Kerrigan, Gene (4 June 2006). "A cruel new take on Kerry babies". Sunday Independent. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  12. ^ Inglis 2003 p.179
  13. ^ "Detective calls for DNA analysis to settle Kerry Babies case" Archived 11 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Sunday Independent, 28 November 1999.
  14. ^ "Senior officer was linked to all tribunals into garda behaviour" Archived 10 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Irish Examiner, 3 June 2005.
  15. ^ "Fresh hope for solving thirty year old mystery of Kerry Babies". Evoke.ie. 14 December 2015. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  16. ^ Reynolds, Paul (23 March 2023). "Two arrested on suspicion of murder in Kerry Babies case". RTE. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  17. ^ O'Sullivan, Majella (16 January 2018). "Gardaí apologise to Joanne Hayes for 'stress and pain' of Kerry Babies investigation". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  18. ^ O'Cionnaith, Fiachra (17 January 2018). "Kerry Babies: Taoiseach apologises to Joanne Hayes and is open to discussing compensation with her". Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  19. ^ O'Sullivan, Majella (17 January 2018). "Gardaí to seek DNA samples from locals in hunt for Kerry baby killer". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  20. ^ Roche, Barry (17 January 2018). "Murder inquiry launched into death of 'Baby John' in Kerry in 1984". The Irish Times. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  21. ^ Lucey, Anne (24 September 2018). "Kerry Babies: gardaí start house-to-house enquiries on Valentia". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  22. ^ "Kerry babies: Irish state apologises to Joanne Hayes". BBC News. 18 December 2020.
  23. ^ "Gardaí exhume remains of baby found dead on Kerry beach in 1984". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 14 September 2021. Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  24. ^ Moloney, Eoghan; Foy, Ken (14 September 2021). "Kerry Baby case: Gardaí exhume remains of Baby John as part of investigation into his death in 1984". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  25. ^ Dalson, Eoghan (23 March 2023). "Two people arrested on suspicion of murder over 1984 Kerry Babies case". TheJournal.ie.
  26. ^ Out of Innocence (2016) at IMDb  
  27. ^ "Mbur Indie Film Distribution". Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  28. ^ Mary Burke (2009). “Tuam Babies and Kerry Babies: Clandestine Pregnancies and Child Burial Sites in Tom Murphy’s Drama and Mary Leland’s The Killeen. Archived 9 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine” Irish University Review 49 (2) 245-61.

Sources

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  • Tribunal of Inquiry into the "Kerry Babies" Case (October 1985). Report (PDF). Official publications. Vol. Pl.3514. Dublin: Stationery Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  • Hayes, Joanne (1985). My Story. Brandon Books. ISBN 9780863220807.
  • Inglis, Tom (2003). Truth, power and lies: Irish society and the case of the Kerry babies. University College Dublin Press. ISBN 9781904558026.
  • McCafferty, Nell (2010) [1985]. A Woman to Blame: The Kerry Babies Case. Cork: Attic Press. ISBN 9781855942134.
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