Mawlana Khâlid Sharazuri also known as Khâlid-i Baghdâdî and Mawlana Khalid[1][2] (Kurdish: مەولانا خالیدی نەقشبەندی, romanized: Mewlana Xalîdî Neqişbendî; 1779–1827) was a Kurdish Sufi,[3] and poet by the name of Shaykh Diya al-Dīn Khalid al-Shahrazuri,[4] the founder of a branch of the Naqshbandi Sufi order - called Khalidi after him - that has had a profound impact not only on his native Kurdish lands but also on many other regions of the western Islamic world.[5] His writings are among the earliest examples of prose and poetry in Central Kurdish.[2][6]
Shahrazuri acquired the epithet Baghdadi through his frequent stays in Baghdad, for it was in the town of Karadağ (Qaradagh) in the Shahrizur region,[7] about 5 miles from Sulaymaniyah, that he was born in 1779.
Early life
editHe was born in the year 1779 in the village of Karadağ, near the city of Sulaymaniyah, in what is now Iraqi Kurdistan. His family belonged to the Jaff tribe that claimed descent from the 3rd caliph 'Uthman. Hence, the attribution al-'Uthmani is sometimes added to his name. He was raised and trained in Sulaymaniyah, where there were many schools and many mosques and which was considered the primary educational city of his time. Young Khalid studied with the two great scholars of his time, Shaykh `Abdul Karam al-Barzinji and Shaykh `Abdur Rahim al-Barzinji, and he read with Mullah Muhammad `Ali.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Özdalga, E. (1999). Naqshbandis in western and central Asia. Istanbul: Numune Matbaasi" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-30. Retrieved 2021-03-01.
- ^ a b Bush, J. Andrew (2020). Between Muslims : religious difference in Iraqi Kurdistan. ISBN 978-1-5036-1143-6. OCLC 1138673345.
- ^ Sadık Albayrak, Meşrutiyetten Cumhuriyete Meşihat Şeriat Tarikat Kavgası, Mizan Yayınevi, 1994, p. 323. (in Turkish).
- ^ Gammer, Moshe. Muslim Resistance to the Tsar: Shamil and the Conquest of Chechnia and Daghestan. Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 1994
- ^ Martin van Bruinessen, Julia Day Howell, Sufism and the 'Modern' in Islam, I.B.Tauris, 2007, ISBN 978-1-85043-854-0, p. 44.
- ^ قەرەداغی، م. ع. (٢٠٠٨)، دەقنامە: بەیت و ھۆنراوە کوردییەکان، دەزگای ئاراس، ھەولێر.
- ^ Richard Tapper, Islam in Modern Turkey: Religion, Politics, and Literature in a Secular State, I.B. Tauris, 1991, ISBN 978-1-85043-321-7, p. 129..
- ^ Abu-Manneh, Butrus. “The Naqshbandiyya-Mujaddidiyya in the Ottoman Lands in the Early 19th Century.” Die Welt Des Islams, vol. 22, no. 1/4, 1982, pp. 1–36. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/1569796 Page 3: “Diya' al-Din Khalid was born in Qaradagh, a town in the district of Shahrizur in Iraqi-Kurdistan. His family belonged to the Jaf tribe that claimed descent from the 3rd Caliph 'Uthman. Hence the attribution al-'Uthmani is sometimes added to his name.” Page 4: “After such a preparation, Khalid started to teach in Sulaimaniyya which was the seat of the Baban Princes. He occupied the post of his teacher, 'Abd al-Karim al-Barzinji at the death of the latter by plague (1213/1798).”
Sources
edit- Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition, Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, Islamic Supreme Council of America (June 2004), ISBN 1-930409-23-0.
- E.F. Haydari, Al-Majd al-taled fi manaqeb al-sheikh Khalid, Istanbul 1874
- S. M. Stern, Islamic Philosophy & the Classical Tradition, Oxford 1972
- Hamid Algar, The Naqshbandi Order, Studia Islamica 1976
