Goygol District (Azerbaijani: Göygöl rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan, situated in the western part of the country within the Ganja-Dashkasan Economic Region. The district is bordered by districts of Goranboy, Kalbajar, Dashkasan, Shamkir, Samukh, and the city of Ganja. Its administrative center and largest city is Goygol , known for its historical and cultural significance, as well as its proximity to the renowned Goygol Lake. Originally established in the early 19th century as "Helenendorf" by German settlers, the area has evolved into a key region for agriculture and tourism in Azerbaijan. As of 2020, Goygol District has a population of approximately 64,600 residents. Its blend of rich cultural heritage, diverse historical influences, and stunning natural landscapes makes it a significant destination in the country.[2]
Goygol District | |
|---|---|
 Map of Azerbaijan showing Goygol District | |
| Country |  Azerbaijan |
| Region | Ganja-Dashkasan |
| Established | 8 August 1930 |
| Capital | Goygol |
| Settlements[1] | 45 |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Elvin Pashaev |
| Area | |
| • Total | 920 km2 (360 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 64,600 |
| • Density | 70/km2 (180/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Postal code | 2500 |
| Website | goygol-ih |
History
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Goygol, located in western Azerbaijan, has a rich history that traces back to ancient times. The region's fertile lands and strategic location along key trade routes attracted various tribes and civilizations, leading to its early settlement. During the medieval period, Goygol and its surroundings were shaped by the influence of multiple empires, most notably the Persian Empire and the Safavid dynasty, which left a lasting impact on the area's cultural and architectural heritage.
The modern history of Goygol city began in 1819 when German settlers from Kingdom of Württemberg established a settlement called Helenendorf which became the administrative center of the area. The German influence is evident in the architecture, with houses built in a traditional German style, and the establishment of infrastructure such as schools, kindergartens, and a music school. The current Agrarian Industry Plant in Goygol was initially constructed as a winery by the Fohrer brothers, who were pioneers in wine and cognac production in the region.[3][4]
During the Soviet era, the administrative center, originally called Helenendorf underwent several name changes reflecting the political climate of the time. In 1930, Narimanov district was established with Helenendorf as its center. In 1938, the district and its center were renamed Khanlar, district and Khanlar city, respectively. This period marked significant development and industrialization, driven by Soviet policies, which transformed the town into a key center for agricultural production.
Following Azerbaijan's independence, the region underwent another name change to reflect its Azerbaijani heritage. On April 25, 2008, the district and its administrative center were officially renamed Goygol district and Goygol city,[3] taking their name from the nearby Lake Göygöl, a famous alpine lake known for its striking blue waters. This change was formalized by the decision of the Parliament of Azerbaijan on April 25, 2008, aiming to emphasize the natural beauty and cultural significance of the area.[5][6]
Today, Goygol continues to be recognized for its agricultural productivity and tourism potential, with Lake Goygol serving as a major attraction for visitors seeking natural landscapes and outdoor activities. However, access to the southern portions of the district remains restricted due to its proximity to the Nagorno-Karabakh region and the armistice line.
Geography
editLocation
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Goygol is located in the western part of Azerbaijan, within the Goygol District, situated in a mountainous and foothill zone. The district lies approximately 364 km kilometers west of the capital city, Baku and 20 kilometers south of Ganja, the second-largest city in Azerbaijan.
The region's highest point reaches an elevation of 3,724 metres above the sea level. Goygol District borders the administrative districts of Samukh to the north, Goranboy to the east, Kalbajar to the south, Dashkasan to the west, Shamkir to the north-west and Ganja city to the north. The total area of the district is 920 square kilometers, with a population of around 63,400 residents. One of the most notable natural features of the region is Lake Goygol, a scenic mountain lake formed as a result of an earthquake in 1139, located at an altitude of approximately 1,500 meters above sea level. The climate in Goygol is temperate, with warm summers and mild winters, supporting agricultural activities such as viticulture and farming.[7][8]
Climate
edit| Climate data for Goygol | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.6 (51.1) |
17.8 (64.0) |
21.9 (71.4) |
26.3 (79.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
28.4 (83.1) |
24.8 (76.6) |
18.1 (64.6) |
11.8 (53.2) |
7.3 (45.1) |
17.3 (63.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.9 (26.8) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
1.3 (34.3) |
6.8 (44.2) |
11.2 (52.2) |
15.0 (59.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.4 (63.3) |
13.9 (57.0) |
8.3 (46.9) |
3.7 (38.7) |
-0 (32) |
7.6 (45.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 14 (0.6) |
22 (0.9) |
37 (1.5) |
43 (1.7) |
69 (2.7) |
66 (2.6) |
35 (1.4) |
29 (1.1) |
28 (1.1) |
40 (1.6) |
24 (0.9) |
17 (0.7) |
424 (16.8) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[9] | |||||||||||||
Economy
editThe economy of Goygol, Azerbaijan, is primarily based on agriculture, tourism, and small-scale industries. The region's fertile soil and favorable climate make it ideal for cultivating crops such as grains, vegetables, and grapes, which play a significant role in the local economy. Goygol is also known for its wine production, which has a long-standing tradition in the area, contributing to both local consumption and export markets.
In recent years, tourism has become increasingly important, with Lake Goygol and other natural attractions drawing visitors from across Azerbaijan and neighboring countries. This growth in tourism has spurred the development of hospitality services, including hotels, guesthouses, and restaurants catering to the needs of travelers.
Small-scale industries and handicrafts also contribute to Goygol's economy, with local artisans producing traditional goods and products that reflect the region's cultural heritage. Efforts to diversify the economy include initiatives in agricultural modernization and infrastructure development to support sustainable economic growth.
Administrative divisions
editThere are 27 administrative territorial units in Goygol district including a city (Goygol city), 5 towns (Khanlar, Gizilgaya, Hajimelik, Ashaghi Zurnabad and Firuzabad) and 39 villages[7] such as Balchili, Gushgara, Chayli, Mollajalilli, and Topalhasanli.
Culture
editTraditions and Festivals
Goygol boasts a rich cultural heritage characterized by various local traditions and vibrant festivals. Among the most notable celebrations is the Milli Yaylaq [10](National Highland Festival), a traditional festival that marks the arrival of summer, where communities gather to celebrate with music, dance, and traditional games. Moruq Festivali[11] (Berry Fest), another significant event, highlights local customs and agricultural practices, featuring local crafts, food, and performances that reflect the area's cultural diversity. The Goygol Nagillari (Goygol Tales), celebrated during the New Year, is marked by storytelling, folk songs, and festive gatherings that bring together families and friends to share hopes for the coming year. These festivals not only preserve Goygol's cultural identity but also foster a sense of community among residents.
Cuisine
Goygol is known for its delicious regional cuisine, which includes traditional dishes that reflect the local agricultural heritage. One of the most celebrated culinary delights is Uctepe paxlavasi, a sweet pastry made with layers of dough, nuts, and honey, often enjoyed during festive occasions. Additionally, various local dishes feature fresh produce and ingredients sourced from the surrounding region, showcasing the agricultural bounty of Goygol.
Cultural Institutions
The Goygol district is home to a variety of cultural institutions that contribute to its vibrant cultural scene. There are 15 cultural centers, 15 cultural clubs, 41 libraries, 2 music schools (located in Goygol city and Khagani village), and 2 museums: the Heydar Aliyev Museum Center and the History and Ethnography Museum. Additionally, the district features 3 parks, providing spaces for recreation and community events.[12]
Cultural Landmarks
The cultural landscape of Goygol is enriched by several notable historical buildings. Among them are the castle in Zurnabad village dates to the 12th century village, dating back to the 12th century, and the sepulcher from the 16th century in Gushgara village. The region also features significant structures such as the Anaid Temple (16th century), St. Mary Church in Chaykend village, the German Lutheran church (1854-1857) in Goygol city, and Gabriel Church (1674), each contributing to the historical narrative and architectural diversity of the area.[3] These sites serve as vital resources for both residents and visitors, promoting an understanding of Goygol's rich history and culture.
Tourism
editAttractions
Goygol is renowned for its stunning natural beauty and rich cultural heritage, making it a popular destination for tourists. Key attractions include:
- Nestled in the Goygol National Park, Lake Goygol is a breathtaking glacial lake famous for its turquoise waters and surrounding mountainous landscapes. It is an ideal spot for hiking, picnicking, and photography, attracting nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts.
- Goygol National Park is expansive and home to diverse flora and fauna, making it perfect for eco-tourism. The park offers various hiking trails, allowing visitors to explore its pristine natural environment.
- Goygol features several historical sites, including the Goygol Cemetery, which showcases unique stone carvings, and the St. John's Church, an architectural gem reflecting the region's historical significance.
- Visitors can explore the local wine culture at the Goygol Wine House, where they can taste traditional Azerbaijani wines and learn about the region's winemaking history.
Tourist Infrastructure
Goygol offers a range of accommodations and dining options to cater to tourists:
- The town features various lodging options, including hotels, guesthouses, and eco-lodges, providing comfortable stays for visitors. Notable establishments include the Goygol Hotel and several family-run guesthouses, which offer a more personalized experience.
- Goygol's culinary scene features traditional Azerbaijani cuisine, with restaurants and cafes serving local dishes. Visitors can enjoy regional specialties such as plov (rice pilaf), dolma (stuffed grape leaves), and fresh fish from Lake Goygol.
- Goygol is accessible via public transportation, with regular bus services connecting it to major cities like Ganja and Baku. The town's compact size makes it easy for tourists to explore on foot or by bicycle, enhancing their experience of the picturesque surroundings.
Education
editGoygol, is home to several educational institutions that cater to a diverse student population. Among the notable schools and universities are:
- Goygol Secondary School: One of the primary educational institutions in the area, providing education from grades one through nine, emphasizing a well-rounded curriculum.
- Goygol Vocational School: This institution offers specialized training programs in various fields, equipping students with practical skills for the job market.
In addition to these schools, Goygol is also home to significant research and training facilities:
- Scientific Research Institute of Animal Husbandry: This institute conducts important research in animal husbandry, contributing to advancements in agricultural education and practices in the region.
- Artificial Insemination Center for Animals:[13] This center plays a vital role in modernizing livestock breeding practices through advanced reproductive technologies and training for local farmers.
Goygol also hosts special educational programs and partnerships aimed at enhancing the quality of education and providing practical experience for students. These programs often collaborate with governmental and international organizations to promote agricultural and scientific research, ensuring that local educational initiatives align with contemporary industry standards.
Sport
editThere is Goygol Olympic Sports Complex opened in January 2014, Goygol Central City Stadium and other sporting facilities in Goygol.[14][15]
Infrastructure
editThere are 5 bridges in the district: Agh bridge dates to 12th century in Topalhasanli village on Ganjachay river, Birgozlu and Ikigozlu bridges date to the 16th century in Dozular village and in Goygol city on Kurekchay river and Ganjachay river respectively, Uchgozlu bridge dates to 1896 in Uchtepe village on Ganjachay and Stone bridge with two arches on Ganjachay.[16][3]
Nature
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Goygol and 7 identical lakes – Maralgol, Zaligol, Aghgol, Shamligol, Ordekgol, Jeyrangol and Garagol are located in the territory of Goygol district. Lake Goygol is situated on the foothill of Mount Kapaz at an altitude of 1556 meters. The length of the lake is 2450 meters, and its width is 595 meters, the deepest point is 95 meters.[8]
Maralgol is located 1902 meters above the sea level. It has an area of 23 hectares with the deepest point of 60 meters. The lake is surrounded with sub-alpine grasslands.[8]
The main rivers flowing through the district are Kurekchay, Ganjachay and Goshgarchay. Kurekchay river is the longest with 108 km length. The second longest river is Ganjachay with 98 kilometers length. The rivers are mainly used for irrigation. Water level in the rivers increases during summer.[8]
Flora
editThe forests rich with Oriental beech, Caucasian Hornbeam, Caucasian oak and Oriental oak trees cover 17.3% of the territory of the Goygol district. There are separate or mixed forests on various slopes of mountainous areas. Horn-beam in southern slopes, beech, beech-hornbeam in northern slopes, Caucasian and Oriental oaks, also oak-hornbeam in the upper forest zone are in abundance. Pine trees grow on limestone rocks. There are also birches in upper areas of forests and different types of other trees and shrubs such rosa canina, honeysuckles, sorbus, raspberries, crataegus, euonymus, cherry plum in the lower parts of forests.[8]
Goygol National Park
edit.jpg)
Goygol National Park was founded in April 2008 on the base of Goygol State Nature Reserve established in 1925, in the territories of administrative raions of Goygol, Goranboy and Dashkasan.[17]
Goygol National Park is located at an altitude between 1100 and 3065 meters. It has a total of 12755 hectares area including 6739 hectares of Goygol State Reserve, 1577 hectares forests, 3909 hectares of Goygol district, 300 hectares of Dashkasan district and 230 hectares of Goranboy district.[8]
There are 76 types of trees and shrubs in the forest of Goygol National Park including Oriental beech, Oriental oak, Caucasian hornbeam, hook-shaped pines, birchs, maples, cornelian cherry, elderberry, blackberry, rosa canina, common hazel and medlar. The fauna of the National park is diverse with Caucasian deer, roe deer, badger, forest cat, sable, lynx, hare, squirrel, fox, hedgehog, grey partridge and others.[8][17]
Minerals
editThere are pyrites, uranium, marble, limestone, and mineral water in the territory of the Goygol district.[8]
References
edit- ^ "İnzibati-ərazi vahidləri" (PDF). preslib.az. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ a b "Population of Azerbaijan". stat.gov.az. State Statistics Committee. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d "History". Executive Power of Goygol. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
- ^ "German footprints in the Caucasus". euronews. 2015-04-27. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
- ^ "1news.az". 1news.az - Последние новости Азербайджана. Archived from the original on February 11, 2012.
- ^ Azerbaijani Khanlar Region Re-named[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "About Goygol district". Executive Power of Goygol. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Location". Executive Power of Goygol. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
- ^ "Climate: Goygol". Retrieved 2020-04-14.
- ^ "National Highland Festival".
- ^ "Raspberry Festival in Goygol".
- ^ "Culture". Executive Power of Goygol. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
- ^ "Artificial Insemination Center".
- ^ "Sport". Executive Power of Goygol. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
- ^ "Olympic Facilities". Ministry of Youth and Sport of Azerbaijan. Archived from the original on 2019-10-14. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
- ^ "Infrastructure". Executive Power of Goygol. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
- ^ a b "Goygol National Park". eco.gov.az. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
External links
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Media related to Göygöl Rayon at Wikimedia Commons