Al-Khisas (Arabic: خربة الخِصاص, Khirbat al-Khiṣāṣ) was a Bedouin[6] hamlet in Palestine, located 18.5 kilometers (11.5 mi) northeast of Gaza near the modern city of Ashkelon.[7]
al-Khisas
خربة الخِصاص Khirbat al-Khiṣāṣ | |
|---|---|
Village | |
| Etymology: the ruin of booths or reed huts[1] | |
.jpg) 1870s map .jpg) 1940s map.jpg) modern map .jpg) 1940s with modern overlay mapA series of historical maps of the area around Al-Khisas, Gaza (click the buttons) | |
  al-Khisas Location within Mandatory Palestine | |
| Coordinates: 31°38′53″N 34°33′40″E / 31.64806°N 34.56111°E | |
| Palestine grid | 108/117 |
| Geopolitical entity | Mandatory Palestine |
| Subdistrict | Gaza |
| Date of depopulation | November 4–5, 1948[4] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 6,269 dunams (6.269 km2 or 2.420 sq mi) |
| Population (1945) | |
| • Total | 150[2][3] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Yishuv forces |
| Current Localities | Ashkelon[5] |
Location
editAl-Khisas was located just west of Ni'ilya, south of Al-Jura.
Al-Khisas, called Khisas, was inhabited in the 15th century. Mamluk records show that in 1459 CE it was endowed was a waqf.[8]
History
editLate Ottoman period
editIn 1838, in the late Ottoman era, el Khusas was noted as a place "in ruins or deserted", located in the Gaza district.[9]
An official Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed that Chasas had 6 houses and a population of 35, though the population count included men, only.[10][11]
In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine found at Khurbet el Khesas "a few heaps of stones with a well near".[12]
British Mandate period
editThe modern village was classified as a hamlet in the Palestine Index Gazetter, and was built after World War I.[5] Farmers from neighboring areas first built temporary huts at the site to shelter themselves during the harvest, gradually they settled and built adobe houses.[5] The population relied on neighboring villages Al-Jura and Ni'ilya for medical, educational and administrative services.[5]
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Khesas had a population of 102 inhabitants, all Muslims,[13] increasing in the 1931 census to 133, still all Muslims, in 26 houses.[14]
In the 1945 statistics, Al-Khisas had a population of 150 Muslims[2] with a total of 6,269 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[15] Of this, 191 dunums of village land were used for citrus and bananas, 419 for cereal farming, 2,671 irrigated or used for orchards,[16] while 10 dunams were built-up land.[17]
1948 war; State of Israel
editThe village was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War between November 4–5, 1948, at the end of Operation Yo'av.[5] The Israeli army found about 150 people in Al-Khisas and nearby Ni'ilya; they were all expelled to Beit Hanoun on the Gaza strip.[18]
In 1992 the village site was described as being "engulfed by the Israeli town of Ashkelon".[5]
References
edit- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 361
- ^ a b Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 32
- ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 46
- ^ Morris, 2004, p. xix, village #308. Also gives the cause for depopulation
- ^ a b c d e f Khalidi, 1992, p.123
- ^ גרוסמן, דוד; Grossman, David (1987). "Rural Settlement in the Southern Coastal Plain and the Shefelah, 1835-1945 / היישוב הכפרי במישור-פלשת ובשפלה הנמוכה, 1835-1945". Cathedra: For the History of Eretz Israel and Its Yishuv / קתדרה: לתולדות ארץ ישראל ויישובה (45): 64. ISSN 0334-4657.
- ^ al-Khisas, Palestine Remembered, retrieved 2009-10-22
- ^ Marom, Roy; Taxel, Itamar (2023-10-01). "Ḥamāma: The historical geography of settlement continuity and change in Majdal 'Asqalan's hinterland, 1270–1750 CE". Journal of Historical Geography. 82: 49–65. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2023.08.003. ISSN 0305-7488.
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 119
- ^ Socin, 1879, p. 149 Also noted in the Gaza district
- ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 149
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 252
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table V, Sub-district of Gaza, p. 8
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 5.
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 46
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 87
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 137
- ^ Morris, 2004, pp. 517-518
Bibliography
edit- Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H. H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center. Archived from the original on 2018-12-08. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
- Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 6: 102–149.
- Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Morris, B. (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.
External links
edit- Welcome To al-Khisas
- Khirbet al-Khisas, Zochrot
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 19: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- al-Khisas from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
