Khuang Aphaiwong

Major
Khuang Aphaiwong
Luang Kowit-aphaiwong
Major Khuang Aphaiwong Luang Kowit-aphaiwong
ควง อภัยวงศ์
	Khuang in 1959
4th Prime Minister of Thailand
	In office; 10 November 1947 – 8 April 1948
Monarch	Bhumibol Adulyadej
Preceded by	Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
Succeeded by	Plaek Phibunsongkhram
	In office; 31 January 1946 – 24 March 1946
Monarch	Bhumibol Adulyadej
Preceded by	Seni Pramoj
Succeeded by	Pridi Banomyong
	In office; 1 August 1944 – 31 August 1945
Monarch	Ananda Mahidol
Preceded by	Plaek Phibunsongkhram
Succeeded by	Thawi Bunyaket
Leader of the Democrat Party
	In office; 1946 – 15 March 1968
Preceded by	position established
Succeeded by	Seni Pramoj
Personal details
Born	Khuang; 17 May 1902; Phra Tabong, Burapha, Siam (now Battambang, Cambodia)
Died	15 March 1968 (aged 65); Bangkok, Thailand
Nationality	Thai
Political party	Democrat
Other political; affiliations	Free Thai Movement
Spouse	Lekha Kunadilok
Signature

Khuang Aphaiwong (also spelled Kuang, Abhaiwong, or Abhaiwongse; Thai: ควง อภัยวงศ์, pronounced [kʰūaŋ ʔā.pʰāj.wōŋ]; 17 May 1902 – 15 March 1968), also known by his noble title Luang Kowit-aphaiwong (Thai: หลวงโกวิทอภัยวงศ์, pronounced [lǔaŋ kōː.wít.ʔā.pʰāj.wōŋ]), was the founder of the Democrat Party and three times the prime minister of Thailand: from August 1944 to 1945, from January to May 1946, and from November 1947 to April 1948.

Life and career

Khuang was born in Battambang (a city in Cambodia), a son of the Siamese governor Chao Phraya Abhayabhubet. The Aphaiwongs were of royal Khmer lineage.^[1] Khuang attended Debsirin School and Assumption College, Bangkok, later studying engineering at the Ecole Centrale de Lyon in France. On his return to Thailand, he worked in the telegraph department, finally becoming director of the department. This earned him the feudal title Luang Kowit-aphaiwong. He married Lekha Kunadilok (Goone-Tilleke), daughter of Ceylon-born lawyer William Alfred Goone-Tilleke, founder of the law firm Tilleke & Gibbins.^[2]

Promoter of regime change and minister

Khuang was a member of the civil faction of Khana Ratsadon ("People's Party"), the group that promoted the Siamese revolution of 1932, that brought a regime change from absolute to constitutional monarchy. Afterwards, he served as minister without portfolio in the cabinets of Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena and Plaek Phibunsongkhram (Phibun). During World War II he was commissioned a major and joined the King's Guard. As such he was at the head of the mission to Battambang which in July 1941 took control of the Cambodian territories occupied during the Franco-Thai War, to be renamed Phra Tabong Province. His father had been governor of part of this region before it was ceded to France 1907.^[3]^{[better source needed]} Later he became minister of commerce and communications.

First term as prime minister

Khuang in Parliament

On 1 August 1944, parliament elected him prime minister, after Phibun's plans to move the capital to Phetchabun and to create the Phutthamonthon Park failed to gain approval. He was a compromise candidate, standing between the Phibun supporters and the opposition Free Thai Movement.^[4] Ostensibly he co-operated with the Japanese who had occupied Thailand during the war. At the same time, he shielded the Free Thai who collaborated with the Allies.^[5]^: 249 After the Japanese retreat he resigned on 31 August 1945, to make way for a new administration by the Free Thai forces.^[5]^: 251

Second term as prime minister

In 1946 he was one of the founders of the conservative Democrat Party, and became its first leader. The fourth national elections on 6 January 1946 were won by the Democrat Party, which gained him a second term as prime minister starting on 31 January. Only 45 days later, on 24 March, his government lost a vote of no-confidence in parliament and he resigned.

Third term as prime minister and later life

He became prime minister a third time on 10 November 1947 following a coup d'état led by Field Marshal Phin Chunhawan. However, the coup leaders were not pleased with the performance of Khuang's government and forced him to resign on 8 April 1948. This enabled Phibun to become prime minister again. Khuang continued in politics as the opposition leader and leader of the Democrat Party until all political parties were banned in 1958. His wife, Khunying Lekha Aphaiwong, was appointed senator in 1949, becoming one of the first female politicians of Thailand.^[6]

Khuang died on 15 March 1968, at age 65.

Honours

Thai Decorations

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Chula Chom Klao
Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of the White Elephant
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Thailand
Victory Medal - Franco-Thai War
Victory Medal - Pacific War
Safeguarding the Constitution Medal
Medal for Service in the Interior - Franco-Thai War
Rama VIII's Royal Cypher Medal, 1st Class
Rama IX's Royal Cypher Medal, 1st Class

Foreign Decorations

Taiwan :
- Special Grand Cordon of the Order of Propitious Clouds

Notes

^ At that time, Thailand did not have surnames

References

^ Goscha (1999), p. 42
^ Songsri Foran (1981), Thai-British-American relations during World War II and the immediate postwar period, 1940-1946, Thai Khadi Research Institute, Thammasat University, p. 83
^ P. L.; A New Border in Asia; XXth century (Shanghai), Vol. I (1941)
^ Thak Chaloemtiarana (2007). Thailand: The Politics of Despotic Paternalism. p. 16.
^ ^a ^b David K. Wyatt (2004). Thailand: A Short History (2nd ed.). Silkworm Books.
^ Nicholas Grossman (ed.). Wife of cabinet minister elected first female MP. p. 43. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)