Akhshunwar (Sogdian: əxšōnδār, Middle Persian: Xašnawāz) was a ruling title used by the Hephthalite kings in the 5th and 6th-centuries.[1][2]
The title is of Eastern Iranian origin; according W.B. Henning, its original form was ʾxšʾwndʾr (axšōndār), meaning "king", "ruler." G. Widengren, however, suggests that the original form was the Sogdian ʾxšʾwnwʾr, "power bearer."[3] In the New Persian epic Shahnameh ("The Book of Kings") of the medieval Persian poet Ferdowsi, it was transformed into Khushnawaz (meaning "the beautiful player, musician"), and was used as a name instead.[2][3] Some scholars support the theory that the name of the Kidarite king Kunkhas shared the same origin as Akhshunwar, which has in turn led to the suggestion that Akhshunwar was initially a title used by Kidarites, later to be adopted by Hephthalites when they supplanted them.[3][4]
References
edit- ^ Rezakhani 2017, pp. 126–127, 137.
- ^ a b Brunner 1984, pp. 729–730.
- ^ a b c Yarshater 2018.
- ^ Rezakhani 2017, p. 137.
Sources
edit- Brunner, C. J. (1984). "Aḵšonvār". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume I/7: Ahriman–Alafrank. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 729–730. ISBN 978-0-71009-096-6.
- Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (2018). "Ḵušnawār/Ḵušnawāz". Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
- Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9781474400305.