Wikipedia

Northern Fleet

(Redirected from Kola Flotilla)
This article is about the Russian military unit. For other uses, see Northern Fleet (disambiguation).

The Northern Fleet (Russian: Северный флот, Severnyy flot) is the fleet of the Russian Navy in the Arctic.[2]

Northern Fleet
Russian: Северный флот
Severnyy flot
Northern Fleet's emblem
FoundedJune 1, 1733;
The Great Soviet iteration: August 5, 1933
Country Russia
Branch Russian Navy
TypeFleet
RoleNuclear deterrence;
Naval warfare;
Amphibious military operations;
Combat patrols in the Arctic/Atlantic;
Naval presence/diplomacy missions in the Atlantic and elsewhere
Sizec. 32 surface warships plus additional support ships/auxiliaries
c. 33+ active submarines
Part of Russian Navy
Garrison/HQ
AnniversariesMay 11th
EngagementsWorld War II
Decorations Order of the Red Banner
Commanders
Current
commander		Adm.[1] Aleksandr Moiseyev
Notable
commanders		Adm. Vladimir Vysotskiy
Adm. Feliks Gromov
Adm. Ivan Kapitanets
Adm. Vladimir Chernavin
Adm. Semyon Lobov
Adm. Vladimir Kasatonov
Adm. Arseniy Golovko
Insignia
Ensign
External videos
on RT Documentary official YouTube channel (in English)
video icon Submarines of the Northern Fleet: The Beast Division – Part 1 on YouTube
video icon Submarines of the Northern Fleet: Beast Division – Part 2 on YouTube

According to the Russian ministry of defence: "The Northern Fleet dates its history back to a squadron created in 1733 to protect the territories of the Russian Empire, sea trade routes and fisheries in the White Sea near the coast of the Kola Peninsula. The order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy of 25 May 2014 determined 1733 as the year of foundation of the Northern Fleet, and June 1 as its annual holiday".[3]

In its modern iteration, the Arctic Ocean Flotilla of the former Imperial Navy evolved into a full fleet of the Soviet Navy in 1933 as the Northern Flotilla. After being awarded the Order of the Red Banner in 1965, it was officially known as the Red Banner Northern Fleet. During the Soviet era the Northern Fleet operated more than 200 submarines, ranging from diesel-electric to nuclear-powered ballistic missile classes.

On 1 December 2014 the fleet became the core element of the newly established Northern Fleet Joint Strategic Command, including all Russian armed forces located in Murmansk and Arkhangelsk Oblasts and on Russia's offshore islands along its Arctic coast. It is co-equal in status with Russia's Military Districts. The Northern Fleet is tasked with responsibility for operations and defense in the Arctic seas along Northern Russia, including the Barents Sea and Kara Sea, as well as the northwestern maritime approaches to Russia including the Norwegian Sea and Atlantic Ocean.

The Northern Fleet's headquarters and main base are located in Severomorsk, Murmansk Oblast, with secondary bases elsewhere in the greater Kola Bay area. The current commander is Admiral Aleksandr Moiseyev, who has held the position since May 2019. In June 2020, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed an executive order making the Northern Fleet an independent military-administrative entity, effective January 1, 2021.[4] That status was abolished on February 26, 2024 by a new presidential decree (effective since March 1, 2024) and fleet became part of the recreated Leningrad Military District.[5]

History

edit

Arctic Sea Flotilla and White Sea Flotilla

edit

On June 19, 1916, the Imperial Russian Navy formed the Arctic Ocean Flotilla (Флотилия Северного Ледовитого океана, or Flotiliya Severnogo Ledovitogo okeana) during World War I to safeguard transportation routes of Allied ships through the Barents Sea from the Kaiserliche Marine of the German Empire. After the October Revolution and the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917, the Soviet Navy replaced the Imperial Russian Navy and formed the White Sea Flotilla (Беломорская флотилия, Belomorskaya flotiliya) in March 1920, based in Arkhangelsk. The White Sea Flotilla replaced the Arctic Sea Flotilla and was renamed as the Naval Forces of the North Sea, but was later disbanded in January 1923.

Soviet Navy

edit

Northern Flotilla

edit

The Northern Flotilla was formed on August 5, 1933, by transferring patrol boats Smerch and Uragan, D-class submarines Dekabrist (D-1) and Narodovolyets (D-2)[6] and two destroyers from the Baltic Fleet to Northern Russia. These ships departed from Kronstadt on 18 May 1933 and arrived at Murmansk on 5 August. Another destroyer, another patrol boat, another submarine, and two minesweepers joined the flotilla at Soroka in September 1933. Polyarny became the flotilla's main base, and a flight of MBR-2 flying boats joined the unit at Murmansk in September 1935.[6]

The Northern Flotilla was quickly expanded in the years after it was formed, receiving new ships, airfields, coastal and air defence artillery. On May 11, 1937, the fleet entered its current form when it was renamed to the Northern Fleet (Северный флот, Severnyy flot).[7]

World War II

edit

The Northern Fleet blocked the Finnish military base at Petsamo through the Winter War of 1939 and 1940. By June 1941, the fleet included 8 destroyers, 15 submarines, 2 torpedo boats, 7 patrol boats, 2 minesweepers, and 116 airplanes.

In August 1940, the Soviets created the White Sea Military Base to defend the coastline, bases, ports, and other installations. The White Sea Flotilla was established in August 1941 under the command of Rear-Admiral M. Dolinin. Subsequent commanders were Vice Admiral Georgy Stepanov (in October), Rear-Admiral Stepan Kucherov, and Vice-Admiral Yuriy Panteleyev.

 
A Soviet landing party heading for Kirkenes, Norway

During the German-Soviet War of 1941 to 1945, the Northern Fleet defended the coastlines of the Rybachy and Sredny peninsulas, secured internal and external transportation routes, and provided support to the maritime flank of the 14th Army. Naval Infantry and up to 10,000 Northern Fleet personnel participated in land warfare including the Petsamo-Kirkenes Operation of 1944. Northern Fleet Naval Infantry units caused tens of thousands of German casualties fighting during the Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad, and North Caucasus campaigns.[8]

Among the air units of the Northern Fleet was the 121st Fighter Aviation Regiment. The Northern Fleet was reinforced with naval aircraft and ships from the Pacific Ocean and Caspian Sea. Great Britain and the United States temporarily provided HMS Royal Sovereign and USS Milwaukee to the USSR in exchange for the Italian ships captured during the war and destined to be divided among the allies. During the war, the Northern Fleet secured safe passage for 1,463 ships in external convoys and 2,568 ships in internal convoys.[9]

Its submarines, torpedo boats, and aviation sank 192 enemy transport ships and 70 other hostile military ships. The Northern Fleet also damaged a total of 118 transport, military, and auxiliary ships.[9] Soviet submarine K-21, under the command of Captain Nikolai Lunin, attacked the German battleship Tirpitz at 71° 22' 2"N, 24° 34' 3"E.[10] The К-21 logbook reports observation of two torpedo explosions, but no damage is reported by German sources.

Ships were lost fighting against unequal odds. Patrol boat Tuman, a former trawler, was sunk by three Kriegsmarine destroyers at the entrance to Kola Bay on August 4, 1941. The icebreaker Sibiryakov was sunk on August 25, 1942 by the German pocket battleship Admiral Scheer while defending two convoys. The patrol ship Brilliant (formerly trawler Murmany) was sunk by a submarine.[11]

The Northern Fleet received the following awards:

Cold War

edit

The White Sea Flotilla was reestablished under the fleet in December 1945 and the White Sea Naval Base in December 1956.[12]

The Northern Fleet was considered secondary to the Baltic and Black sea fleets until operational responsibility for the Atlantic Ocean was shifted in the 1950s because of more direct access.[6] In September 1955, the Soviet navy became the first to launch a ballistic missile from a submarine. In June 1956, Northern Fleet Zulu-class submarine, (NATO designation Zulu IV 1/2) “Б-67” (B-67) became the first to carry ballistic missiles.

The 2nd Cruiser Division was formed on 31 May 1956 at Severomorsk, Murmansk Oblast. Its ships included the Sverdlov-class cruisers (Project 68) Murmansk, Aleksandr Nevskiy, and Molotovsk, and the 121st Destroyer Brigade, with 11 Gnevny, Ognevoy, and Skory-class destroyers.[13] On 5 June 1969, the division was reorganised with the 170th Destroyer Brigade (8 Project 56 destroyers) and the 10th Anti-Submarine Warfare Brigade (10 Project 42 and 50 ASW vessels). On 1 April 1961, the division was renamed the 2nd Anti-Submarine Warfare Division.

On 1 July 1958, the Northern Fleet raised the Soviet Navy ensign over the first Soviet nuclear submarine, K-3 Leninskiy Komsomol. Following the 1958 voyage of USS Nautilus, the Leninskiy Komsomol (named for Vladimir Lenin's Komsomol) traveled under the Arctic ice and surfaced at the North Pole on 17 July 1962. Russian submarines have visited the North Pole region more than 300 times since then. Two nuclear submarines of the Northern Fleet made a journey under the Arctic ice cap and reached the Pacific Fleet for the first time in history in September 1963.[6]

More than 25 Soviet submarines did the same in the following years. The Northern Fleet was awarded the Order of the Red Banner on 7 May 1965. Two Northern Fleet submarines made a 25,000-nautical-mile (46,000 km; 29,000 mi) journey "around the world" (actually only between the Kola Gulf and the base at Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy around South America) without surfacing in 1966. The Northern Fleet had almost 50% of the Soviet Navy's submarines by 1986.[6]

From 1968 to 30 November 2005, the 7th Operational Squadron [ru] was the main Atlantic operational force of the fleet. The Museum of the Air Forces of the Northern Fleet was opened on 20 August 1976, in the closed settlement of Safonovo, Murmansk Oblast. Aircraft carriers began entering service with the Fleet in the 1970s. The lead unit of the Kiev class of heavy aircraft-carrying cruisers, Kiev, became operational in 1977, and Admiral Gorshkov was commissioned in 1987. Large nuclear-powered missile-carrying cruisers, the Kirov-class battlecruiser and Kalinin, also entered service from 1980. Fortification of the southern reaches of the Barents Sea during the 1980s marked a Soviet naval strategy shift to an emphasis on bastion defense. Russia has continued to employ that strategy.

In 1982, the 175th independent Naval Infantry Brigade was formed at Tumannyy, in Murmansk Oblast.[14]

In 1990, the 88th Separate Fighter Bomber Regiment, along with the rest of the 36th Air Army, was pulled out of Hungary along with the rest of the Southern Group of Forces. In order to save the unit, which had a distinguished history, from being disbanded under the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, defence minister Marshal Dmitry Yazov transferred it to the Northern Fleet, which was not subject to the provisions of the treaty. In May 1990 the aircraft and personnel were moved to Olen'ya Airbase, near Olenegorsk, Murmansk Oblast where they operated in support of the Soviet Navy.

In May 1994, after the Russian Ministry of Defence had ordered the retirement of the MiG-23/27 family, the unit was re-equipped with the Sukhoi Su-25 and its aircraft were allowed to deteriorate, being stripped for scrap by the locals. It was then renamed the 88th Independent Shipboard Attack Air Regiment.

Russian Navy

edit
 
The area of Joint Strategic Command Northern Fleet as for 2014-12-15[15]
 
Ships of the Northern Fleet

An analysis of the Northern Fleet produced by Chatham House in the UK notes that: "After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Kremlin paid little attention to the Arctic. During the 1990s, the Russian Arctic was at best considered a burden fraught with socio-economic problems. Little was done there until an ‘Arctic revival’ began in the 2000s, focused on reinvesting in a region that had previously been abandoned for more than 15 years".[16]

Units were disbanded in the 1990s including the 6th and 3rd Submarine divisions in addition to aviation units. Previous units also included the 1st Submarine Flotilla, and the 7th Submarine Division of nuclear attack submarines.[17] In 1989 the Soviet Navy had nearly 200 nuclear submarines in operation of which two-thirds were said to belong to the Northern Fleet. By 1996, only half were still in service.[18]

The 57th Naval Missile Aviation Division of Tu-22s and electronic warfare Tu-16s from the Baltic Fleet at Bykhov, Mogilev Oblast, in the Byelorussian SSR transferred to the Northern Fleet in December 1991 as the 57th Combined Ship Aviation Division.[19] The division commanded the 830th and 38th Shipborne Anti-Submarine Helicopter Regiments and the 279th Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment from Severomorsk-3 in Murmansk Oblast until disbanded on 1 May 1998.[20]

The 5th Naval Missile Aviation Division commanding the 524th and 574th Naval Missile Aviation Regiments. The 574th Regiment was based at Lakhta air base (Katunino), until disbanded in 2002. The 100th Independent Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment (in February 1993) and its personnel and equipment absorbed by the 279th Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment.[20]

On 12 August 2000, the Kursk submarine disaster gained international attention when the Oscar-class submarine Kursk of the Northern Fleet perished in a torpedo accident during exercises in the Barents Sea near Murmansk Oblast, resulting in the deaths of 118 sailors.

Beginning in the early 2000s, however, a renewed emphasis was placed on modernizing the Russian Navy, including the Northern Fleet. As argued in the Chatham House analysis: "Moscow's intentions for the Arctic are not Arctic-specific, but are related to the Kremlin's global ambitions for reviving Russia as a great power. Russia's force posture in the Arctic is informed by the changing geopolitical environment around its strained relations with the West".[16]

The importance attached to the Northern Fleet is illustrated by the fact that it constitutes its own district command within the Russian Armed Forces equal to the Armed Forces' other military districts. In January 2016, Defence Minister Sergey Shoygu announced that the 45th Air Force and Air Defence Army had been formed under control of the Northern Fleet in December 2015. Its territorial control center assumed combat duty in July 2018.[21][22] Today both the 45th Air Force and Air Defence Army, as well as the 14th Army Corps, fall under the Northern Fleet Joint Strategic Command, which was established in 2014 and is a military-administered district of equal status to the other four military districts of the Russian Armed Forces. Its jurisdiction is primarily within the northern region of European Russia and the Arctic Ocean.[23] The formal status of the Northern Fleet as a command equal to that of other Russian military districts took effect on January 1, 2021.[24]

The Northern Fleet includes about two-thirds of all the Russian Navy's nuclear-powered ships. The flagship Kirov-class battlecruiser Pyotr Velikiy is named after Peter the Great. The Fleet staged a series of major Barents Sea exercises in January 2004 involving thirteen ships and seven submarines including Pyotr Velikiy, Admiral Kuznetsov, with President Vladimir Putin was aboard the Typhoon class ballistic missile submarine Arkhangelsk. The exercise was marred by two RSM-54 SLBM launch failures aboard Novomoskovsk and Kareliya.[25]

Submarines have traditionally been the strongest component of the Northern Fleet. Several new classes of submarines are in production to replace older models including: Borei/Dolgorukiy-class SSBNs, Yasen-class SSGNs, Khabarovsk-class SSGNs and Lada-class conventionally-powered submarines. However, the existing nuclear-powered submarines of the Northern Fleet are also aging rapidly. It is currently unclear whether the new Yasen-class, and other potential follow-on models, can be produced in sufficient numbers, and on a timely basis, to replace aging older nuclear submarines on a one-for-one basis. In this regard, reports suggest that Russian third-generation nuclear submarines have not been modernized to a level to avoid block obsolescence before 2030.[26]

The Northern Fleet has also received attention with respect to technological upgrades. The Fleet has received new combat aircraft (deployed within the 45th Air and Air Defence Army), enhanced shore-based missile assets (both surface-to-surface and surface-to-air) as well as new systems such as the Samarkand electronic warfare systems in 2017 and the Barnaul-T air reconnaissance system in December 2021. Samarkand is designed to assess electromagnetic situation, search, detect and analyze radio emissions and Barnaul-T helps conduct reconnaissance round-the-clock.[27][28] Russia's Northern Fleet in 2018 resumed regular air patrols of the Arctic by long-range anti-submarine aircraft and its share of modern samples of weapons and equipment exceeded 56 percent.[29][30] An air defense regiment of the Northern fleet armed with S-400 SAM launchers went on combat duty in Novaya Zemlya in the September 2019.[31]

Ground force modernization has also been a priority focus through the creation of the 14th Army Corps within the fleet and broader equipment modernization. A tank battalion of a Northern Fleet's separate motorized infantry brigade received the final batch of 26 T-80BVM tanks and completed the rearmament procedure in November 2019.[32] The 76th Guards Air Assault Division and the 98th Guards Airborne Division, strategic reserve formations from the Russian Airborne Forces, might be deployed to help protect the Kola Peninsula, in certain circumstances.[16]

While the Northern Fleet has traditionally emphasized the deployment of larger warships and submarines, new missile boats (of the Buyan/M and Karakurt classes) have temporarily been able to deploy into Northern Fleet waters utilizing Russian internal waterways. In 2020, the Buyan-M class corvette Zelenyy Dol and the Karakurt-class corvette Odintsovo trained and conducted trials in Arctic waters having deployed to northern waters via the internal waterways. The deployment illustrated the Russian capacity to reinforce the Northern Fleet with cruise missile-armed light units, potentially drawn from the Russian Navy's two other western fleets or from the Caspian Flotilla.[33] In 2021, the Karakurt-class corvette Sovetsk also made the transit from the Baltic to the White Sea for missile exercises.[34][35]

In late 2021 it was reported that the Russian Navy was considering the possible creation of a new fleet, termed the Arctic Fleet, which would be oriented to employing "ships and special equipment suitable for the Arctic". The Northern and Pacific fleets would continue to focus on "combat missions". If established, it was envisaged that the Arctic Fleet would maintain infrastructure separate from the Northern and Pacific fleets.[36]

Sites

edit
 
A map of naval bases, shipyards and spent fuel storage sites operated by the Northern Fleet

The Northern Fleet's main base is Severomorsk. There are six more naval bases at Polyarnyy, Olenya Bay, Gadzhiyevo (Yagelnaya/Sayda), Vidyayevo (Ura Bay and Ara Bay), Bolshaya Lopatka (Litsa Guba), and Gremikha. Civilian Arktika nuclear-powered icebreakers are based at Murmansk. Shipyards are located in Murmansk, Severodvinsk, Roslyakovo, Polyarnyy, Nerpa, and Malaya Lopatka. Spent fuel storage sites include Murmansk, Gremikha, Severodvinsk and Andreyeva Bay.

HQ Band

edit
 
The band in May 2017

The Military Band of the Northern Fleet (Russian: Военный оркестр Северного флота) is a military band unit of the Russian Armed Forces that is a branch of the Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia. It is based at the fleet HQ in Severomorsk. The band also takes part in national events and holidays in Russia such as the Victory Day and Defender of the Fatherland Day holidays as well as the Navy Day fleet parade. It has taken part in the ceremonial arrival of ships to the Northern Fleet Headquarters including the Vice-Admiral Kulakov[37] and the USS Nicholas.[38]

It had taken part in the funerals of many of the victims of the Kursk submarine disaster in the fall of 2000.[39] In mid-March 2018, it took part in a competition at the Murmansk Nakhimov Naval School, which was presided by Colonel Timofey Mayakin, the Senior Director of Music of the Russian Armed Forces.[40] In September of that year, the band as well as a band from Tromsø, Norway, where they performed "Norwegian March" and "Farewell of Slavianka" at the Murmansk Regional Philharmonic.[41][42]

Order of battle

edit

From January 1, 2021 the Northern Fleet command was made a separate command within the Russian Armed Forces having equal status to the other Russian military districts.[24] As such, it consists of naval forces (the Northern Fleet itself), land forces (14th Army Corps, plus naval infantry and coastal defence troops), as well as aviation and air defence assets (45th Air Force and Air Defence Army).[43] That status was abolished on February 26, 2024 by a new presidential decree (effective since March 1, 2024) which transferred the Northern Fleet to the re-formed Leningrad Military District.[44]

Additional capability in Arctic waters is provided by civilian icebreakers operated by the state-owned Rosatom company[45] as well as other companies (Rosmorport, Gazprom Neft) and a Project 21180 vessel built for the Russian Navy.[46][47] This icebreaker fleet, which includes seven nuclear-powered vessels operated by Rosatom, has been described as "crucial to military access and operations".[16][48] Additional nuclear-powered Project 22220 (three in service,[49] two more building and two additional ships planned as of early 2023) and Project 10510 (one vessel building) icebreakers have entered service, or are under construction/planned, to augment and replace those in service.[50]

The Navy, in turn, is procuring a new "lightened" class of Project 21180M icebreakers[51] (which are two-thirds the displacement of the existing Project 21180 ship) with the first vessel being deployed with the Pacific Fleet in early 2023. These plans were formalized under the terms of a presidential executive order and Arctic strategy unveiled in October 2020. The icebreakers are designed to ensure the capacity of year-round navigation along the Northern Sea Route.[52][53][54]

The Russian Coast Guard provides additional armed patrol vessels in Arctic waters with a further expansion of its capabilities anticipated in the 2020s.[55][56]

As of early 2023, the Northern Fleet itself comprises about 32 surface warships (including major surface combatants, light corvettes, mine counter-measures vessels and amphibious units), though some units are under repair or otherwise not operational. Additional lighter patrol units, support ships and auxiliaries are also deployed. The Fleet also comprises around 33+ submarines (including ballistic missile submarines, cruise missile submarines, special purpose submarines as well as nuclear and conventional attack submarines). As with the surface fleet, some submarines are not operational; others are in reserve and inactive. Nevertheless, programs to modernize the Russian Navy are continuing with the Northern Fleet traditionally having a priority focus with respect to major combatants.[16]

As of early 2024, the Northern Fleet has formed several new units.[57]

Submarines

edit

Surface warships

edit

Aviation and Air Defence Forces

edit
 
Northern Fleet Naval Infantry Forces

Northern Fleet Coastal Troops

edit

Commanders

edit
Name Period of command
Zakhar Zakupnev (Flag Officer First Rank) 29 May 1933 – 13 March 1935
Northern Flotilla
Konstantin Dushenov (Flag Officer First Rank) 13 March 1935 – 11 May 1937
Northern Fleet
11 May 1937 – 28 May 1938
Valentin Drozd (Vice Admiral) 28 May 1938 – 26 July 1940
Arseniy Golovko (Admiral) 26 July 1940 – 4 August 1946
Vasiliy Platonov (Admiral) 4 August 1946 – 23 April 1952
Andrey Chabanenko (Admiral) 23 April 1952 – 28 February 1962
Vladimir Kasatonov (Admiral) 28 February 1962 – 2 June 1964
Semyon Lobov (Fleet Admiral) 2 June 1964 – 3 May 1972
Georgiy Egorov (Fleet Admiral) 3 May 1972 – 1 July 1977
Vladimir Chernavin (Fleet Admiral) 1 July 1977 – 16 December 1981
Arkadiy Mikhaylovskiy (Admiral) 16 December 1981 – 25 February 1985
Ivan Kapitanets (Admiral) 25 February 1985 – 19 March 1988
Feliks Gromov (Admiral) 19 March 1988 – 14 March 1992
Oleg Yerofeyev (Admiral) 14 March 1992 – 29 January 1999
Vyacheslav Popov (Admiral) 29 January 1999 – 15 December 2001
Gennady Suchkov (Admiral) 16 December 2001 – 29 May 2004
Mikhail Abramov (Admiral) 29 May 2004 – 26 September 2005
Vladimir Vysotskiy (Admiral) 26 September 2005 – 11 September 2007
Nikolay Maksimov (Vice Admiral) 12 September 2007 – 30 March 2011
Andrey Volozhinskiy (Rear Admiral) – Acting 30 March 2011 – 24 June 2011
Vladimir Korolev (Admiral) 24 June 2011 – November 2015
Nikolay Yevmenov (Admiral) November 2015 – 3 May 2019
Aleksandr Moiseyev (Admiral) 3 May 2019 – present

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ "Northern Fleet Commander appointed Admiral". Archived from the original on 2020-12-16. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
  2. ^ Северный флот [Northern Fleet]. flot.com (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2016-06-23. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
  3. ^ "The Northern Fleet is 284 years of its history : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation". Archived from the original on 2021-06-05. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  4. ^ "The Arctic Grows in Importance as Russia Establishes New Military District". Warsaw Institute. 18 Jun 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  5. ^ "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 26.02.2024 № 141 ∙ Официальное опубликование правовых актов". publication.pravo.gov.ru. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  6. ^ a b c d e Norman Polmar, Guide to the Soviet Navy, Fourth Edition (1986), United States Naval Institute, Annapolis Maryland, ISBN 0-87021-240-0
  7. ^ Hill, Alexander (2007). "The birth of the Soviet Northern Fleet 1937–42". The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. 16 (2): 65–82. doi:10.1080/13518040308430560. S2CID 143506251.
  8. ^ "Loading..." www.burnlib.com. Archived from the original on 2012-05-24. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
  9. ^ a b Great Soviet Encyclopedia/Большая Советская Энциклопедия; entry: Soviet Red Banner Northern Fleet.
  10. ^ "Данный домен возможно продается". Archived from the original on December 30, 2005. Retrieved 2005-12-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  11. ^ "ВОЕННАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА --[ Мемуары ]-- Головко А. Г. Вместе с флотом". militera.lib.ru. Archived from the original on 2012-05-05. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
  12. ^ "БЕЛОМОРСКАЯ ВОЕННАЯ ФЛОТИЛИЯ — Лексикон КС". lexicon.dobrohot.org. Archived from the original on 2019-05-02. Retrieved 2019-10-05.
  13. ^ Michael Holm, 2nd Anti-Submarine Warfare Division Archived 2012-04-01 at the Wayback Machine, accessed October 2011
  14. ^ "175th independent Naval Infantry Brigade". Ww2.dk. Archived from the original on 2013-05-28. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  15. ^ "Новости : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации". structure.mil.ru. Archived from the original on 2016-07-27. Retrieved 2016-07-29.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2020-08-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ^ Michael Holm, 3rd Submarine Division Archived 2012-04-01 at the Wayback Machine, accessed October 2011
  18. ^ "Northern Fleet – Morskoyo Flota ( Naval Force) – Russian and Soviet Nuclear Forces". fas.org. Archived from the original on 2020-09-14. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
  19. ^ Michael Holm, 57th Heavy Bomber Aviation Division Archived 2012-04-01 at the Wayback Machine, accessed October 2011
  20. ^ a b "279th independent Shipborne Assault Aviation Regiment". ww2.dk. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  21. ^ В России появилась 45-я армия ВВС и ПВО Северного флота [In Russia, there is 45th Air Force and Air Defence Army of the Northern Fleet]. Interfax (in Russian). 29 January 2016. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  22. ^ "На боевое дежурство заступил территориальный центр управления армии ВВС и ПВО Северного флота". armstrade.org. 26 July 2018. Archived from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
  23. ^ Keck, Zachary. "Russia to Establish Arctic Military Command". thediplomat.com. Archived from the original on 2020-10-07. Retrieved 2020-10-02.
  24. ^ a b "Admiral Golovko project 22350 frigate to join Northern fleet of Russian Navy". www.navyrecognition.com. Archived from the original on 2021-04-15. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  25. ^ Jane's Fighting Ships, 2004–05, p.29
  26. ^ a b c "Russian Navy postpones upgrade of third-generation nuclear submarines". Navy Recognition. Archived from the original on 2021-02-25. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  27. ^ "Samarkand electronic warfare systems to be deployed in 13 Russian military units". TASS. Archived from the original on 20 December 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
  28. ^ "Russian Navy forces get latest Barnaul-T air reconnaissance system for Arctic operation - Military & Defense - TASS". Archived from the original on 2021-12-16. Retrieved 2021-12-16.
  29. ^ "ЦАМТО / Новости / Доля современных образцов техники и вооружения на Северном флоте превысила 56 проц". Archived from the original on 2019-01-11. Retrieved 2019-01-11.
  30. ^ "Russian Northern fleet Arctic brigade trains on A-1 snow vehicles | January 2019 Global Defense Security army news industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2019 | Archive News year". Archived from the original on 2019-01-21. Retrieved 2019-01-20.
  31. ^ "Russian S-400 regiment goes on combat duty in Novaya Zemlya | September 2019 Global Defense Security army news industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2019 | Archive News year". www.armyrecognition.com. Archived from the original on 2019-12-16. Retrieved 2019-10-05.
  32. ^ "Russian Northern Fleet tank battalion fully rearmed with T-80BVM tanks". Archived from the original on 2019-11-15. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
  33. ^ "Analysis: Zeleny Dol corvette passes successful trials". Archived from the original on 2020-10-16. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
  34. ^ "Russian Karakurt class corvette Sovetsk test-fires Kalibr cruise missile". Archived from the original on 2021-09-01. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  35. ^ "Russian Navy warship returns to home base after cruise missile firings in Arctic". Archived from the original on 2021-09-21. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
  36. ^ "Russia looks into Navy Arctic Fleet creation — source – Military & Defense – TASS". Archived from the original on 2021-10-07. Retrieved 2021-10-07.
  37. ^ "Оркестр штаба Северного флота репетирует в походных условиях : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации". syria.mil.ru. Archived from the original on 2020-01-09. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  38. ^ "USS Nicholas Concludes Visit to St. Petersburg". Archived from the original on 2019-12-16. Retrieved 2019-11-11.
  39. ^ Burleson, Clyde (December 14, 2008). Kursk Down: The Shocking True Story of the Sinking of a Russian Nuclear Submarine. Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 9780446554565 – via Google Books.
  40. ^ "На Северном флоте завершился смотр-конкурс военных оркестров : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации". structure.mil.ru. Archived from the original on 2019-12-16. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  41. ^ "Оркестры Северного флота и Тромсё вместе исполнят норвежский марш и "Прощание славянки"". tass.ru. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12. Retrieved 2019-11-11.
  42. ^ "В Мурманске состоялся совместный концерт оркестров штаба Северного флота и норвежского города Тромсё". www.mvestnik.ru. Archived from the original on 2019-11-11. Retrieved 2019-11-11.
  43. ^ a b c "The Arctic Grows in Importance as Russia Establishes New Military District". June 18, 2020. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  44. ^ "Russia's Northern Fleet loses status of strategic multi-service formation". TASS. 2024-02-26. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  45. ^ "Росатом Госкорпорация "Росатом" ядерные технологии атомная энергетика АЭС ядерная медицина". rosatom.ru. Archived from the original on 2021-04-28. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  46. ^ "These are Russia's new icebreakers". The Independent Barents Observer (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2021-01-18. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  47. ^ Novinar, Novinar (2020-11-09). "Russia's Navy is Getting New Icebreaker in 2022". Russia Business Today. Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  48. ^ "Vyacheslav Ruksha will lead the newly established Northern Sea Route Directorate". The Independent Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2020-10-12.
  49. ^ "Second giant nuclear icebreaker handed over to Rosatomflot". The Independent Barents Observer. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  50. ^ "Moscow lowers ambitions in nuclear icebreaker program, will not build fleet of new super-powerful vessels after all". The Barents Observer. 1 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  51. ^ "Russian Navy plans to commission new generation of icebreaker ship Project 21180M Evpatiy Kolovrat in 2022". Archived from the original on 2020-11-23. Retrieved 2020-11-23.
  52. ^ "Putin decrees development of Arctic with more nuclear icebreakers : New Nuclear – World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Archived from the original on 2021-08-15. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  53. ^ Gao, Charlie (September 30, 2019). "Russia's Icebreaker Fleet Is About to Get Bigger and More Dangerous". The National Interest. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2020.
  54. ^ "Nuclear Reactors in Arctic Russia: Scenario 2035" (PDF). The Barents Observer. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-09-17. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  55. ^ "Construction starts for FSB's large icebreaking patrol vessel". The Independent Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 2020-10-16. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
  56. ^ "Russian coast guard receives new ice strengthened patrol vessel". The Independent Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 2020-10-19. Retrieved 2020-10-16.
  57. ^ "ВМФ России сформировал батальон морской пехоты для выполнения задач в Арктике". Центральный Военно-Морской Портал (in Russian). 2024-03-04. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  58. ^ "Russian Submarine Orel Hits Surface Target In Barents Sea With Granit Missile – Navy". UrduPoint. Archived from the original on 2020-10-16. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
  59. ^ a b "Впервые в Главном военно-морском параде примут участие сразу три атомные подводные лодки : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации". Archived from the original on 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2021-07-06.
  60. ^ a b "'Severodvinsk,' 'Smolensk' submarines practice fire cruise missiles in Barents Sea".
  61. ^ "Russian navy group, nuclear sub, sail north along coast of Norway". The Independent Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2020-08-29.
  62. ^ "Подводный крейсер К-119, "Воронеж". Проект 949А". Deepstorm.ru. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  63. ^ "Russian Navy Northern fleet prepares to accept Arkhangelsk Yasen-M cruise missile submarine". Archived from the original on 2021-01-27. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  64. ^ "Russian forces in the Mediterranean - Wk42/2022".
  65. ^ "Подводный ракетный крейсер "Казань" вошел в состав ВМФ". Archived from the original on 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2021-05-07.
  66. ^ a b c d Kommersant VLAST No.7(760), 25 Feb 2008
  67. ^ a b Sutton, H. I. "Russian Submarine May Test New Weapons Off Norway This Week". Forbes.com. Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
  68. ^ Majumdar, Dave (March 11, 2019). "Submarine Strike: Why Did a Russian Nuclear Submarine Fire a Torpedo at Another Russian Sub?". The National Interest. Archived from the original on September 24, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
  69. ^ "Nuclear sub returns to Russian Arctic base after 7 years upgrade". The Independent Barents Observer.
  70. ^ "Old nuclear sub gets new life at Nerpa shipyard". The Independent Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 2020-10-09. Retrieved 2020-10-06.
  71. ^ "ЦАМТО / / Российские подводники получат в 2023 году три атомные подводные лодки и две ДЭПЛ".
  72. ^ "Northern Fleet starts removing oldest ballistic missile subs". Archived from the original on 2021-04-28. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  73. ^ a b "These weapons were used in Putin's nuclear thunder exercise". The Independent Barents Observer. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  74. ^ a b "Russia Military Analysis". Russia Military Analysis. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  75. ^ "Russia tested all legs of nuclear triad over the Arctic". The Independent Barents Observer.
  76. ^ "30 years old sub with 64 nuclear warheads ready for re-launch". Archived from the original on 2020-10-26. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  77. ^ "Боевые корабли основных классов ВМФ России на 01.01.2022". Navy-korabel.livejournal.com. 3 January 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  78. ^ ""Юрий Долгорукий" вошел в состав 31-й дивизии подлодок Северного флота". 10 January 2013. Archived from the original on 11 January 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
  79. ^ a b "Russian Navy To Get New Nuclear-Powered Submarine This Year". caspiannews.com. Archived from the original on 2020-11-07. Retrieved 2020-09-28.
  80. ^ a b "H I Sutton – Covert Shores". Archived from the original on 2021-03-26. Retrieved 2021-03-28.
  81. ^ "Newest nuclear-powered sub enters service with Russian Navy". TASS. Archived from the original on 2020-06-19. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  82. ^ "Warships of the main classes of the Russian Navy on 01.04.2022".
  83. ^ "Russian Navy Akula-class sub hits enemy submarine in Arctic drills". Archived from the original on 2021-06-17. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
  84. ^ a b Vavasseur, Xavier (February 4, 2020). "Russian Navy Akula-class Submarine K-154 Tigr to Complete Overhaul in 2023". Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
  85. ^ "Russian Akula class submarine Tigr to be armed with Kalibr missiles".
  86. ^ a b c "First modernized Akula attack submarine returns to Northern Fleet". The Independent Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 2020-08-11. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  87. ^ "Royal Navy shadows Russian attack submarines from the Arctic into the North Sea | Navy Lookout". 22 July 2022.
  88. ^ "Russian shipyard floats out nuclear-powered Akula-class sub after upgrade". Archived from the original on 2020-12-26. Retrieved 2020-12-26.
  89. ^ "After ten years at yard, nuclear sub "Leopard" is soon to sail". The Independent Barents Observer. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  90. ^ "Project 677 Kronstadt Assigned to Northern Fleet – SeaWaves Magazine". Archived from the original on 2022-08-08. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
  91. ^ a b c "Малые противолодочные корабли Северного флота отработали поиск и атаку подводной лодки в Баренцевом море : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации". Archived from the original on 2022-01-28. Retrieved 2022-01-28.
  92. ^ Archus, Dorian (December 17, 2019). "No Plans To Equip Russian Lada-Class Submarines With AIP-Constructor". Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
  93. ^ "Russian Project 677 submarine Kronstadt starts sea trials". Navyrecognition.com. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  94. ^ "Analysis 1/2: Lada-class diesel-electric submarine of project 677 for Russian Navy". Archived from the original on 2021-10-11. Retrieved 2021-10-13.
  95. ^ "Russian Navy likely to receive serial Lada diesel-electric submarine in 2022 — source – Military & Defense – TASS". Archived from the original on 2021-10-21. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  96. ^ "Kronshtadt submarine joins Russian Navy". TASS. 2024-01-31. Retrieved 2024-02-04.
  97. ^ "You Need to Know About Russia's Main Directorate of Deep-Sea Research (GUGI) | the Lyncean Group of San Diego". Archived from the original on 2020-10-23. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
  98. ^ "Paltus | the Lyncean Group of San Diego". Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  99. ^ a b Sutton, H. I. "How Russian Spy Submarines Can Interfere With Undersea Internet Cables". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2020-08-31. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  100. ^ "Navy gets new vessel for secret underwater operations in Arctic". Archived from the original on 2020-10-26. Retrieved 2020-10-22.
  101. ^ "Belgorod nuclear sub begins its first sea trials — source". Archived from the original on 2021-06-26. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
  102. ^ "Sevmash General Director Updates Belgorod Trials – SeaWaves Magazine". Archived from the original on 2021-01-15. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
  103. ^ "Losharik Spy Submarine Accident is Still a Problem for Russian Navy". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2021-02-27. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  104. ^ "Russia continues building Belgorod submarine". Archived from the original on 2021-02-23. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  105. ^ "World's longest nuclear submarine handed over to the Russian Navy".
  106. ^ "Belgorod nuclear submarine carrier with Poseidon nuke drones to serve in Pacific — source". Archived from the original on 2021-04-06. Retrieved 2021-04-06.
  107. ^ Trevithick, Joseph (2 July 2019). "Here's Everything We Know About The Deadly Russian Submarine Fire (Updated)". The Drive. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  108. ^ "Kremlin Releases New Details on Russian Submarine Fire, Identifies Sailors Killed". USNI News. July 3, 2019. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  109. ^ "Russia AS-31 nuclear submarine Losharik to be ready in 2024". Navy Recognition.
  110. ^ "Reactor core unloaded from fire-hit Losharik submarine". Archived from the original on 2021-04-05. Retrieved 2021-04-05.
  111. ^ "Repair works of Russia's AS-31 submersible may take up to four years". Archived from the original on 2021-04-05. Retrieved 2021-04-05.
  112. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20171006102543/http://www.hisutton.com/Project+1910+UNIFORM+Class.html [dead link]
  113. ^ "Repairs to the Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov delayed". Archived from the original on 2021-11-08. Retrieved 2021-11-08.
  114. ^ "Russian Aircraft Carrier to Rejoin the Fleet in Late 2023". 24 June 2021. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  115. ^ "Russian Navy heavy aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov to return at sea in 2022". Archived from the original on 2021-02-03. Retrieved 2020-12-05.
  116. ^ "Northern Fleet Exercises in the Barents Sea". Seawaves.com. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  117. ^ "Russian Navy heavy nuclear-powered missile cruiser holds drills in Barents Sea". Archived from the original on 2021-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  118. ^ "Admiral Nakhimov Reactors to be Activated This Month". Sea Waves Magazine. 21 November 2023.
  119. ^ "Delivery of Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov delayed again".
  120. ^ "Russia's Sevmash Shipyard Says it Will Deliver Admiral Nakhimov in 2022". Navalnews.com. 18 February 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  121. ^ "Handover of Admiral Nakhimov battlecruiser to Russian navy postponed — source". Archived from the original on 2021-04-07. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  122. ^ a b "More than 30 Russian naval vessels open fire in large-scale Barents Sea war games". The Independent Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 2020-08-31. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
  123. ^ "Russian battlecruiser Admiral Nakhimov delayed from maintenance until 2023". July 2, 2019. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  124. ^ a b c "Корабли Северного флота отработали взаимодействие в Баренцевом море : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации". Archived from the original on 2022-01-18. Retrieved 2022-01-18.
  125. ^ "Missile cruiser Marshal Ustinov went into the Barents Sea to practice anti-submarine missions : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation". Archived from the original on 2021-03-01. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
  126. ^ @NavyLookout (24 August 2022). "🇷🇺Russian cruiser, RFS Marshall Ustinov (sister of sunken Moskva) heading west through Strait of Gibraltar this aft…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  127. ^ a b c d "Russian forces in the Mediterranean - Wk21/2022".
  128. ^ a b Vavasseur, Xavier (7 February 2022). "Russia Sends Slava-class Cruiser Ustinov in the Mediterranean". Navalnews.com. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  129. ^ "Russian Northern fleet continues operating Admiral Ushakov destroyer". Archived from the original on 2021-01-11. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
  130. ^ @seawaves_mag (22 December 2020). "In surprise move, Project 956 Admiral..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  131. ^ "Russian frigate docks in South Africa ahead of joint naval drills with China and Russia". CNN. 14 February 2023.
  132. ^ "Official Video of Admiral Gorshkov Departing Severomorsk".
  133. ^ "Putin sends frigate Admiral Gorshkov armed with Tsirkon hypersonic missile in Atlantic". Navy Recognition.
  134. ^ a b c "Северный флот начал учение с Арктической экспедиционной группировкой сил и войск : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации". Archived from the original on 2022-01-26. Retrieved 2022-01-26.
  135. ^ a b c "Russian Navy frigate holds successful air defense firings in Arctic drills". Archived from the original on 2021-04-01. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
  136. ^ "Royal Navy Tracks Russian Frigate Through English Channel and N. Sea". The Maritime Executive. 15 March 2023.
  137. ^ "Russian forces in the Mediterranean - Wk51/2022".
  138. ^ a b "Russian forces in the Mediterranean - Wk09/2022". Russianfleetanalysis.blogspot.com. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  139. ^ "Admiral Kasatonov Conducts Flight Training in the Barents Sea". Seawaves.com. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  140. ^ "The frigate of the Northern Fleet "Admiral of the Fleet Kasatonov" made a business call in Algeria : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation". Archived from the original on 2021-02-07. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
  141. ^ Defesa, Redação Forças de (November 27, 2022). "Terceira fragata classe 'Gorshkov' da Marinha Russa inicia testes de mar".
  142. ^ "Russian Frigate Admiral Isakov Gets Fully Domestic Diesel Gas-Turbines". 5 August 2021. Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  143. ^ "ЦАМТО / / Владимир Путин принял участие в церемонии поднятия Военно-морских флагов на трех новых кораблях". armstrade.org (in Russian). 2023-12-25. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  144. ^ "Russian Navy Fleet deployments Week 11-2024". Russian Navy - News and Analysis. 11 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  145. ^ "OSINT: Concentration Of Five Russian Warships In North Sea". Covert Shores. 3 May 2023.
  146. ^ @NavyLookout (29 August 2022). ".@HMSLANCASTER currently shadowing Russian warships RFS Vice-Admiral Kulakov / Marshal Ustinov heading north throug…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  147. ^ "Vitse-Admiral Kulakov Replenished Supplies in Cyprus – SeaWaves Magazine". Archived from the original on 2021-09-17. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
  148. ^ "Russian Navy anti-submarine ship attacks enemy sub with torpedoes in Arctic drills". Archived from the original on 2021-06-17. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  149. ^ "Project 1155 Severomorsk Working Up in Barents Sea". Sea Waves Magazine. 23 June 2023. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  150. ^ "The large anti-submarine ship of the Northern Fleet "Severomorsk" went to the Barents Sea to perform combat training tasks : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation".
  151. ^ "Northern Fleet kicks off large Barents-Arctic naval exercise".
  152. ^ "Russian Navy warship practices missile and artillery fire in Arctic drills".
  153. ^ "Russian Navy to focus on frigates, submarines – part 2". Archived from the original on 2021-01-08. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
  154. ^ "Analysis: Russian Navy Marshal Shaposhnikov frigate to begin trials in late 2020". Archived from the original on 2020-10-24. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  155. ^ "Russian Northern Fleet started a submarine detection exercise in the Arctic". Archived from the original on 2021-01-23. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  156. ^ "Small anti-submarine ship Brest of the Northern Fleet hit aerial targets during exercise in the Barents Sea : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation". eng.mil.ru.
  157. ^ "Russian Grisha-class Yunga corvette conducts live-firing drills near Norway". Navyrecognition.com. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  158. ^ "На Северном флоте началось межвидовое командно-штабное учение под руководством Главнокомандующего ВМФ России : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации". Archived from the original on 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2021-04-22.
  159. ^ a b "Russians Conduct ASW Training in White Sea – SeaWaves Magazine". Archived from the original on 2021-05-20. Retrieved 2021-05-20.
  160. ^ "Russia's new landing ship sails into Pechenga Bay, takes on board a battalion of special operations troops". Archived from the original on 2021-06-28. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  161. ^ a b c "Russian Naval deployments during the Ukraine War". Russianfleetanalysis.blogspot.com. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  162. ^ a b c Sutton, H. I. (8 February 2022). "6 Russian Warships And Submarine Now Entering Black Sea Towards Ukraine". Navalnews.com. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  163. ^ a b c Trevithick, Joseph (21 January 2022). "Russia's Landing Ships Are Headed To The Mediterranean To Join A Growing Armada (Updated)". The Drive. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  164. ^ a b c Trevithick, Joseph (18 January 2022). "More Russian Landing Ships Leave The Baltic Sea Amid Growing Fears Of Invasion Of Ukraine". The Drive. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  165. ^ a b "Admiral Golovko project 22350 frigate to join Northern fleet of Russian Navy". Archived from the original on 2020-12-12. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
  166. ^ "Большой десантный корабль "Петр Моргунов" передали ВМФ России". Archived from the original on 2020-12-23. Retrieved 2020-12-23.
  167. ^ "Новый большой десантный корабль "Пётр Моргунов" вошел в Баренцево море : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации".
  168. ^ Balmforth, Tom (2023-08-04). "Ukrainian drone disables Russian warship near Russia's Novorossiysk port". Reuters. Retrieved 2023-08-10.
  169. ^ "A 43 year old landing ship returns to Northern Fleet". Archived from the original on 2021-02-27. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
  170. ^ "Russia sends more warships to Black Sea amid tensions with Ukraine". 17 April 2021. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  171. ^ a b "Foreign Warships on Bosphorus in 2021". 22 February 2021. Archived from the original on 1 July 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  172. ^ "Northern Fleet Ships Leave Dudinka for the Kara Sea – SeaWaves Magazine". Archived from the original on 2021-09-16. Retrieved 2021-09-16.
  173. ^ "Northern Fleet Ships Return to Severomorsk – SeaWaves Magazine".
  174. ^ "Latest Project 02510 Commissioned at Severomorsk – SeaWaves Magazine". Archived from the original on 2021-06-02. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
  175. ^ "Rondeli Russian Military Digest: Issue 84, 31 May – 6 June 2021". Archived from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  176. ^ "Landing craft - Project 02510".
  177. ^ "Kola Flotilla Practices Submarine Escort Through Minefield".
  178. ^ a b "Russian Navy's minesweepers conduct drills near Norway".
  179. ^ "Coastal minesweeper – Project 1265". Archived from the original on 2018-10-22. Retrieved 2021-04-22.
  180. ^ "Seven Northern Fleet minesweepers conducted a tactical exercise in the Barents Sea : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation". Archived from the original on 2021-04-24. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  181. ^ "Russian Navy guided missile ships deploy to Barents Sea for drills". Tass. Archived from the original on 2021-06-01. Retrieved 2021-06-01.
  182. ^ "Anti-saboteur boats – Project 21980". Archived from the original on 2021-01-14. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
  183. ^ "The icebreaker Ilya Muromets went to sea to participate in a complex expedition of the Northern Fleet and the Russian Geographical Society : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation". Archived from the original on 2021-07-11. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
  184. ^ "Icebreakers - Project 97". Russianships.info. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  185. ^ "Two Russian Spy Ships Operating Near Important Military Base in Scotland". 8 November 2020. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  186. ^ "Russian spy ship shadowing carrier HMS Queen Elizabeth". 18 May 2021. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  187. ^ "H I Sutton - Covert Shores". Hisutton.com. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  188. ^ "H I Sutton – Covert Shores". Archived from the original on 2020-11-08. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
  189. ^ "Yantar Shipyard Services "oceanographic research vessel" Yantar". 27 May 2020. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  190. ^ "H I Sutton – Covert Shores". Archived from the original on 2021-09-21. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
  191. ^ "H I Sutton - Covert Shores". Hisutton.com.
  192. ^ "Арктическая группировка Северного флота вышла в поход по морям Северного Ледовитого океана : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации". Archived from the original on 2021-08-19. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  193. ^ "Medium seagoing tanker – Type Dubna". Archived from the original on 2021-07-14. Retrieved 2021-07-14.
  194. ^ "Medium seagoing tanker – Project REF-675". Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2021-02-11.
  195. ^ "Military operation underway off south coast as Russian missile cruisers transit through area". 30 August 2022.
  196. ^ "Russian forces in the Mediterranean - Wk10/2022".
  197. ^ a b "Russian Navy guided missile frigate enters Atlantic in long-distance deployment". Archived from the original on 2021-04-01. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
  198. ^ "The Northern Fleet tanker "Vyazma" will provide a long-distance cruise of the frigate "Admiral of the Fleet Kasatonov" in the Mediterranean Sea : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation". Archived from the original on 2021-02-27. Retrieved 2021-02-11.
  199. ^ "OSINT: Concentration Of Five Russian Warships In North Sea". Covert Shores. 3 May 2023.
  200. ^ "Sailing West-Atlantic, Northern Fleet frigate plays propaganda-game with hypersonic missile". 25 January 2023.
  201. ^ "Russian forces in the Mediterranean - Wk34/2022".
  202. ^ @NavyLookout (23 August 2022). ".@hms_mersey recently shadowed 🇷🇺Russian Northern Fleet support tanker Akademik Pashin from the North Sea, through…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  203. ^ "Suspected Russian Spy Ship Loitering Near French Submarine Trials". 6 May 2020. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  204. ^ "Elbrus logistics support ship joins Russia's Northern Fleet". Archived from the original on 2021-08-03. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  205. ^ "Elbrus Class (Project 23120) Logistics Support Vessels – Naval Technology". Archived from the original on 2021-08-03. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
  206. ^ "Floating workshops - Project 304". Russianships.info.
  207. ^ "Hydrographic survey vessel – Project 862". Archived from the original on 2021-09-29. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
  208. ^ "Rondeli Russian Military Digest: Issue 100, 20 September – 26 September 2021". Archived from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  209. ^ "Northern Fleet gets own air force, air defense forces". The Independent Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 2020-10-01. Retrieved 2020-10-02.
  210. ^ "Ввс Вмф". Archived from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  211. ^ Air Forces Monthly, August 2007 issue.
  212. ^ a b "Russian Military Forces: Interactive Map". Archived from the original on 2021-01-27. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
  213. ^ "The Renewed Backfire Bomber Threat to the U.S. Navy". January 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-03-04. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
  214. ^ Tupolev TU-22Ms
  215. ^ Roegies, Patrick (July 20, 2015). "Russian Long Range Aviation Forces". Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved October 6, 2020.
  216. ^ a b c "Russian Air Force – Today". www.easternorbat.com. Archived from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2020-10-06.
  217. ^ "Russian Navy preparing to accept hypersonic air ballistic Kinzhal missile into service". Archived from the original on 2021-01-19. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
  218. ^ "Russia Just Doubled Its Hypersonic Strike Force". Forbes.
  219. ^ Staalesen, Atle; Observer, The Independent Barents (July 19, 2019). "Russia establishes new Arctic air squadron to protect its Northern Sea Route". Archived from the original on January 23, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
  220. ^ Степовой, Алексей Рамм, Богдан (June 28, 2019). "Бей до дна: Арктику прикроют новейшие бомбардировщики". Известия. Archived from the original on September 25, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  221. ^ "MiG-29K fighter from Russian Navy deployed for the first time in Arctic". Archived from the original on 2021-03-14. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
  222. ^ "MiG-29K fighters go on combat duty on Russian Arctic archipelago for first time". Archived from the original on 2021-03-12. Retrieved 2021-03-12.
  223. ^ Cenciotti, David (November 2, 2016). "Watch this video of Russian Su-33 and MiG-29K jets operating from the deck of Kuznetsov aircraft carrier in the Med Sea". Archived from the original on November 8, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  224. ^ "100th Independent Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment Mikoyan MiG-29K/KUB Carrier-Based Fighter". MilitaryLeak. February 26, 2020. Archived from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  225. ^ "Russia's sole aircraft carrier may get latest radio-technical equipment". Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2021-05-12.
  226. ^ Козаченко, Алексей Рамм, Алексей (February 5, 2019). "Северная МиГрация: в Арктике будет создан истребительный авиаполк". Известия. Archived from the original on October 9, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  227. ^ "Crews of MiG-31BM fighter-interceptors of the Northern Fleet took up combat duty in the Novaya Zemlya archipelago : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation". Archived from the original on 2021-03-02. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  228. ^ "Nuclear-capable air-launched ballistic missile tested over the Barents Sea". The Independent Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2020-10-02.
  229. ^ "New Russian fighter jets on standby in upgraded Arctic air base". Archived from the original on 2021-03-03. Retrieved 2021-03-05.
  230. ^ a b "Busy day for Russian military in the skies above Arctic". Archived from the original on 2021-03-30. Retrieved 2021-03-30.
  231. ^ "Russia's top General indirectly confirms Arctic deployment of the unstoppable Kinzhal missile". The Independent Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  232. ^ "Northernmost Arctic airfield now operational all-year, says Russian Military". The Independent Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  233. ^ "Northern Fleet prepares deployment of hypersonic missile Kinzhal". Archived from the original on 2020-12-17. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
  234. ^ a b Air Forces Monthly (January 2020) p. 20
  235. ^ a b c "Russian Military Transformation Tracker: Issue 1, August 2018 – July 2019". Archived from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  236. ^ "Russian Military Transformation Tracker, Issue 2: 1 August 2019-15 December 2020". Archived from the original on 23 December 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  237. ^ "Deployment of S-400 in Arctic bases creates air defense shield over northern Russia". The Independent Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 2020-10-01. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  238. ^ a b Jr, Joseph S. Bermudez; Conley, Heather A.; Melino, Matthew (30 March 2020). "Ice Curtain: S-400 Deployments and Enhanced Defense of Russia's Western Arctic (Rogachevo Air Base)". www.csis.org. Archived from the original on 2020-08-31. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  239. ^ "4. Arctic Force Structure". Archived from the original on 2021-01-10. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  240. ^ "New armor for Arctic Brigade". Archived from the original on 2021-03-02. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  241. ^ "New Russian surface to air missile system deployed along border to Norway". The Independent Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 2020-09-27. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  242. ^ "Russia's new Arctic missile system comes to Pechenga Valley". The Independent Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 2020-08-09. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  243. ^ "Motorized infantry brigade to Northern Fleet". Barentsobserver. Archived from the original on 2021-01-19. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  244. ^ "More than 40 new Russian tanks rumble in the borderland". Archived from the original on 2021-09-21. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
  245. ^ a b "Hundreds of Russian Arctic troops believed to be involved in war crimes in Ukraine". The Independent Barents Observer.
  246. ^ "200th Motorized Rifle Brigade sends mixed volunteer battalion to Ukraine war".
  247. ^ "Marines of the Northern Fleet are improving their combat skills in the Arctic". Russian Ministry of Defence. 2023-02-01.
  248. ^ "Боевые искусства. Все о самообороне". 20 June 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-06-20. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  249. ^ "Missiles, Bases and Drills: Russia Flexes Military Muscles in the Arctic". September 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  250. ^ "Russian Navy strengthens its coastal missile brigades with BAL and BASTION systems". Archived from the original on 2020-10-27. Retrieved 2020-12-20.
  251. ^ "Russia deploys missile system 70 km from Norway's Vardø radar". The Independent Barents Observer. Archived from the original on 2020-09-20. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  252. ^ "Russia's Bal missile system will cover entire Northern Sea Route". Archived from the original on 2021-04-15. Retrieved 2021-04-15.
  253. ^ Vavasseur, Xavier (April 27, 2020). "Russia's Bastion Missile Systems Pass Winter Tests in the Arctic". Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
  254. ^ "Northern Fleet exercises in parallel with Zapad-2021". Archived from the original on 2021-09-21. Retrieved 2021-09-21.

Attribution: This article includes content derived from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969–1978, which is partially in the public domain.

Further reading

edit
edit

71°22′2″N 24°34′3″E / 71.36722°N 24.56750°E / 71.36722; 24.56750

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Fleet&oldid=1252309696"