Kolky (Ukrainian: Колки), also Kolki (Yiddish: קאָלקי; Polish: Kołki; Russian: Колки; Hungarian: Kolke), is a rural settlement in Lutsk Raion, Volyn Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the historic region of Volhynia. Kolky has a population of 3,974 (2022 estimate).[1]
Kolky | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Kolky .svg) Kolky | |
| Coordinates: 51°06′N 25°41′E / 51.100°N 25.683°E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Volyn Oblast |
| Raion | Lutsk Raion |
| Hromada | Kolky settlement hromada |
| First mentioned | 1545 |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 3,974 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Kolky is located on the confluence of the Styr and Rudka rivers, 51 kilometres north-east of Lutsk.
History
edit
Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1545–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1795
Russian Empire 1795–1917
Ukrainian People's Republic 1917-1918, 1918-1919
Second Polish Republic 1919–1945
Soviet Union 1939–1941 (occupation)
Nazi Germany 1941–1943 (occupation)
Kolky Republic 1943
Soviet Union 1945–1991
First time mentioned in 1545. The place has the urban-type settlement status since 1940.
The Jewish population was important before World War II, around a third of the total population (724 members in 1921, 860 in 1937).[2] The German army occupied the city at the end of 1941. 50 Jews were murdered by the Ukrainian police during the summer of 1941.[3] In October 1941, Jews were forced to live in a ghetto. In July 1942, the Jewish population was massacred by an Einsatzgruppen of Germans, members of Sicherheitsdienst and Gendarmerie and by Ukrainians, members of the local police.[4]
The Kolky Republic, a wartime state, was organized in Kolky by Ukrainian partisans during the Second World War. Kolky Republic had its own currency, the Bofon, and public services and lasted from May to November 1943. The Ukrainian Insurgent Army, which liberated the town from German troops, defended the local population from the Russian and German occupiers for more than six months. After several unsuccessful attempts to capture the town, the occupiers managed to do so by joint efforts. On 3-4 November, the Soviet army launched an offensive against the town from the Tsumanski forests. On 4 November, five planes arrived and bombed the settlement to the ground. More than five hundred residents were killed. The Polish Army of Krajowa also assisted the German and Soviet forces in this massacre.[5]
The heraldry and the gonfalon are adopted in 1997. The bell is a symbol of the defensive role of the city throughout history. The linaceae is a local resource.[citation needed]
Until 26 January 2024, Kolky was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Kolky became a rural settlement.[6]
Notable people
edit- Tadeusz Piotrowski, Polish mountaineer, was born in Kolki
- Family of Esther Safran Foer, writer and mother of Jonathan Safran Foer
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ "Technical Problem Form". data.jewishgen.org.
- ^ "YAHAD - IN UNUM". yahadmap.org.
- ^ "המכון הבין-לאומי לחקר השואה - יד ושם".
- ^ Bondaruk, Lesia (2002). The Routes of the Generations.
- ^ "Что изменится в Украине с 1 января". glavnoe.in.ua (in Russian). 1 January 2024.
External links
edit- (in Russian) Official website[permanent dead link]
- (in Russian) Topographic map
- (in Ukrainian) Road map
- Kolky, Ukraine at JewishGen
