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Korada Ramakrishnayya

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Korada Ramakrishnayya (2 October 1891 – 28 March 1962) was a Dravidian philologist and litterateur.[1] He was the first Telugu scholar to publish research works on comparative Dravidian linguistics.[2] He published the first literary criticism based on modern methods 'Andhra Bharata Kavita Vimarshanamu'.[3][4]

Korada Ramakrishnayya
Native name
కోరాడ రామకృష్ణయ్య
BornKorada Ramakrishnayya
(1891-10-02)2 October 1891
Amalapuram, India
Died28 March 1962(1962-03-28) (aged 70)
Tirupati, India
OccupationTelugu faculty at Noble College, Machilipatnam,
Maharaja College, Vizayanagarm,
Madras University, and
Oriental Research Institute, Tirupati
EducationM.A.
Alma materNobel College, Machilipatnam,
Madras University
Notable worksSandhi,
Desi,
Dravidian Cognates,
Andhra Bharata Kavita Vimarshanamu
SpouseAnnapurna
RelativesKorada Ramachandra Sastri, Korada Mahadeva Sastri
Website
thekorada.com/Ramakrishnaiya

Ramakrishnayya authored works of fundamental importance and extended the borders of research in Telugu literary criticism,[5][6] history of the Telugu language,[7][8] philological interpretation of Telugu grammar,[9] cognate Dravidian vocabulary,[10] comparative Dravidian grammar,[2] and comparative Dravidian prosody.[11]

Early Life

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Korada Ramakrishnayya was born on 2 October 1891 in Amalapuram, East Godavari district, at his grandmother's house. His parents were Sitamma and Lakshmimanohara.

He completed his early education and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree from Noble College, Machilipatnam in 1915. After his graduation, he worked as a lecturer at the same college. Later, he pursued his Master of Arts (M.A.) at Presidency College, Madras, and completed his degree in 1921.

Career

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After completing his B.A., Ramakrishnayya worked as a lecturer at Noble College, Machilipatnam. He then taught Telugu and Sanskrit at Maharajah's College in Vizianagaram. After earning his M.A., he served for 12 years (1915–1927) at Maharajah's College. In 1927, he joined Madras University as the Head of the Department of Telugu. He retired in 1950. Following his retirement, he worked for six years at the Tirupati TTD in the Department of Oriental Research.

Publications

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Korada Ramakrishnayya was among the first to show that Southern Indian languages share a common metrical tradition in poetry. He established high standards in linguistic research and was recognized for his scientific approach to language studies. He was also a pioneer in applying historical knowledge of words to illuminate social history, and he contributed significantly to the promotion of democracy and public discourse through his works.

Telugu literary criticism

  • Andhra Bharata Kavita Vimarsanamu (1929):[4] Ramakrishnaiya established a new line of literary criticism based on modern methods in his monumental work Andhra Bharata Kavita Vimarsanamu. Herein he compared the Telugu text with that of the Sanskrit original. He confined himself to Virata Parva - "as no authorized version for other parvas is available so far".This work published in 1929 received the highest appreciation in literary circles:

    Reviews:
    1. The Journal of the Andhra Historical Research Society, October 1931, said "... we think that literary criticism should flow hereafter on the lines suggested by him...".[12]

    2. Tekumalla Achyuta Rao commented "Excellent exposition of the subject which is new in the field of Telugu literary criticism."

    3. Hindu dated 18 June 1930 said "... The work is scholarly without being pedantic, and interesting without being too popular. The Pre-Nannaya period in Telugu is traced with great skill... The author has chosen the right passages and his method of treatment is exceedingly interesting... the enumeration of artistic qualities of Tikkana's verse shows rare insight and critical acumen in the author..."
  • Kalidasuni Kalapratibhalu (1930):[5]
  • Nannicoḍadeva Kumarasambhava Vimarsamu (1937):[13]
  • Telugu literature outside the Telugu country (1941):[14]
  • Saraswata Vyasalu (1944):[6]
  • Dakshina Desa Bhasha Sahityamulu - Desi (1954)[11]

History of Telugu language

  • Bhasotpattikramamu-Bhasacaritamu (1948)[7] Ramakrishnaiya was the first to write a Historical Grammar for the language of the pre-Nannaya inscriptions of the first millennium A.D. and for the subsequent ages, for Nannaya, Tikkana, Errana, and Nannichoda. His son Korada Mahadeva Sastri[15] continued the work and published the magnum opus 'Historical Grammar of Telugu[16] - With Special Reference to Old Telugu C. 200 B.C. - 1000 A.D."
  • Bhasa Caritraka Vyasamulu (1954)[8]
  • Presidential address (1940): At the 10th All India Oriental Conference held in Tirupati in March 1940, Telugu won recognition as an independent unit and as a result got separate recognition at the All-India Oriental Conference. In his presidential address to the first Telugu section at an Oriental Conference, Ramakrishnaiya traced the beginnings and the progress of literary and linguistic studies in Telugu. [17]

Philological interpretation of Telugu grammar

  • Sandhi (1935):[9] is the first attempt in Telugu to introduce the Historical method into the field of Telugu grammatical studies. He detailed how when considered from a historical point of view the sandhi changes explain themselves in a more consistent and rationalistic manner. For example puvu + remma becomes pu-remma. Why? Because pu was the earlier form of puvu, and it survives in compound construction.

Cognate Dravidian vocabulary

  • Dravidian Cognates (1944):[10] Ramakrishnaiya studied and collected vocabulary common to the major Dravidian languages in 'Dravidian Cognates' and paved the way for the comprehensive work 'The Dravidian Etymological Dictionary' of Burrow and Emeneau.[18] [19]

Comparative Dravidian grammar

  • Studies in Dravidian Philology (1935):[2] Ramakrishnaiya continued the work of Robert Caldwell in a systematic manner on the comparative grammar of the Dravidian Languages and contributed to the advancement of the subject, forming a milestone, as it were, in the development of comparative Dravidian studies.

Comparative Dravidian prosody

  • Dakshina Desa Bhasha Sahityamulu - Desi (1954):[11] For the first time, Ramakrishnaiya pointed out, that there is a common literary and prosodial tradition for all the South Indian languages. The ner-nirai system of Tamil prosody is comparable to matra ganas in Telugu and Kannada. Desi chandassu (indigenous metres) in Tamil, Telugu, and Kannada are generally two or three-line formations and set to music. He published numerous papers bearing on comparative Dravidian literature.

Critical editions and translations

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Korada Ramakrishnaiya". Korada Family Heritage. Retrieved 2021-09-16.
  2. ^ a b c Studies in Dravidian Philology (1935). OCLC 19607858.
  3. ^ "Korada Ramakrishnaiya Centenary Festschrift".
  4. ^ a b "Andhra Bharata Kavita Vimarsanamu (1929)".
  5. ^ a b Akademi, Sahitya. "Kalidasuni Kalapratibhalu (1930)".
  6. ^ a b Saraswata Vyasalu. 1950.
  7. ^ a b Bhasotpattikramamu-Bhasacaritamu (1948). OCLC 33416713.
  8. ^ a b Bhasa Caritraka Vyasamulu (1954). OCLC 30753625.
  9. ^ a b "Sandhi (1935)".
  10. ^ a b Dravidian Cognates. OCLC 27020988.
  11. ^ a b c "Dakshina Desa Bhasha Saraswatamulu - DESI (1954)".
  12. ^ "Journal Of The Andhra Historical Research Society, Vol. 6, Part-2, Page 127, October 1931".
  13. ^ Nannicoḍadeva Kumarasambhava Vimarsamu (1937). OCLC 417441941.
  14. ^ Telugu literature outside the Telugu country (1941). OCLC 13208646.
  15. ^ "Mahadeva Sastri". Korada Family Heritage. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
  16. ^ Korada, Mahadeva Sastri. Historical Grammar of Telugu. OCLC 1129471663 – via worldcat.org.
  17. ^ K, Ramakrishnaiah (March 1940). Presidential Address: Telugu Section:: 10th AIOC: Conference Proceedings: page 610-650. OCLC 61364441 – via WorldCat.
  18. ^ A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary Burrow T., Barrson Murray, Emeneau M. B. OUP.
  19. ^ Korada, Ramakrishnayya. Some features of the primitive Dravidian tongue. OCLC 1102051266.
  20. ^ Korada, Ramakrishnayya (1917). Ghanavr̥ttamu = Ghanavritham (Translation to Telugu) (in Telugu). Ellore: Korada Lakshmi Manoharam.
  21. ^ Ghanavr̥ttamu = Ghanavritham. OCLC 499909955.
  22. ^ Korada, Ramakrishnayya (1919). Bhīmēśvara purāṇamu : dvitīya āśvāśamu = Bhimeswara puranam : canto II of Sreenadha (in Telugu). Vizianagaram: Korada Ramakrishnayya.
  23. ^ Bhīmēśvara purāṇamu : dvitīya āśvāśamu = Bhimeswara puranam : canto II of Sreenadha. OCLC 499913462.
  24. ^ Korada, Ramakrishnayya (1920). Syamantakopakhyanam (in Telugu). Vizianagaram: S.V.V. Press.
  25. ^ Syamantakopakhyanam. OCLC 77412916.
  26. ^ Korada, Ramakrishnayya (1930). Viṣṇupurāṇamu (in Telugu). Institute of Oriental Research, University of Madras.
  27. ^ Viṣṇupurāṇamu. OCLC 499931160.
  28. ^ Korada, Ramakrishnayya (1934). Viṣṇumāyānāṭakamu (in Telugu). Madrasu: Visvakalaparisattu.
  29. ^ Viṣṇumāyānāṭakamu. OCLC 71196416.
  30. ^ Korada, Ramakrishnayya (1937). Navanathacaritra: Dvipadakavyamu (in Telugu). Madrasu: Ananda Mudranalaya.
  31. ^ Navanāthacaritra : dvipadakāvyamu. OCLC 854707991.
  32. ^ Korada, Ramakrishnayya (1937). Andhrabharata patha nirnayapaddjati (in Telugu). Madras: University of Madras.
  33. ^ Andhrabharata patha nirnayapaddjati = Āndhrabhārata pāṭha nirṇayapaddhati. OCLC 499364982.
  34. ^ Korada, Ramakrishnayya (1940). Vallabhābhyudayamu (in Telugu). Madras: University of Madras.
  35. ^ Vallabhābhyudayamu. OCLC 499923776.
  36. ^ Korada, Ramakrishnayya (1941). Paratatvarasayanamu (in Telugu). Madrasu: Madrasu Visvavidyalayamu.
  37. ^ Paratatvarasāyanamu. OCLC 77407495.
  38. ^ Korada, Ramakrishnayya (1952). Śrī vēṅkaṭēśvara stutiratnamāla : dvitīya saramu (in Telugu). Tirupati: C. Annaravu.
  39. ^ Śrī vēṅkaṭēśvara stutiratnamāla : dvitīya saramu. OCLC 77411128.
  40. ^ Korada, Ramakrishnayya (1952). Korada Vamsa Prashasti (in Telugu). Tirupati: Korada Ramakrishnayya.
  41. ^ "Korada Vamsa Prashasti".
  42. ^ Korada, Ramakrishnayya (1954). Śrīnivāsavilāsamu : gadyaracana (in Telugu). Tirupati: Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanamula Mudraksharasala.
  43. ^ Śrīnivāsavilāsamu : gadyaracana. OCLC 11290340.
  44. ^ Korada, Ramakrishnayya (1955). Matasārasaṅgrahamu (in Telugu). Madras: Liberty Press.
  45. ^ Matasārasaṅgrahamu. OCLC 80828686.
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