St. Anne's Church, Warsaw

St. Anne's Church
*Kościół św. Anny* (in Polish)
St. Anne's Church; Kościół św. Anny (in Polish)
	Façade with statues of the Four Evangelists.
Country	Poland
Denomination	Catholic
Architecture
Functional status	Active
Architect(s)	Chrystian Piotr Aigner (1788)
Style	Neoclassical (façade)
Groundbreaking	1454
Administration
Archdiocese	Warsaw
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Type	Cultural
Criteria	ii, vi
Designated	1980
Part of	Historic Centre of Warsaw
Reference no.	30bis
Historic Monument of Poland
Designated	1994-09-08
Part of	Warsaw – historic city center with the Royal Route and Wilanów
Reference no.	M.P. 1994 nr 50 poz. 423

St. Anne's Church (Polish: Kościół św. Anny) is a Roman Catholic church in the historic center of Warsaw, Poland, adjacent to the Castle Square, at Krakowskie Przedmieście 68. It is one of Poland's most notable churches with a Neoclassical facade. The church ranks among Warsaw's oldest buildings. Over time, it has seen many reconstructions, resulting in its present-day appearance, unchanged since 1788. Currently it is the main church parish of the academic community in Warsaw.

History

In 1454 Duchess of Masovia Anna Fiodorowna^[2] (in some old books mistakenly called Holszanska), coming from a Ruthenized Lithuanian princely house, founded this church with a cloister for the Bernardine friars (Order of Friars Minor).^[3]

The square in front of the church was a place of solemn homages to Polish monarchs by the rulers of Prussia (the first one in 1578, the last one in 1621).^[4] In 1582 a slender tower was added to the church. Some time later it was encompassed with a rampart and incorporated into the city fortifications.

A patriotic demonstration in front of St. Anne's, February 27, 1861, which ended in much bloodshed.

The St. Anne's Church was reconstructed several times in 1603, 1634, 1636 and in 1667 (it was heavily damaged during the siege of Warsaw and plundered by Swedish and German troops in the 1650s).^[5]^[6] Between 1740 and 1760 the façade was reconstructed in rococo style according to Jakub Fontana's design and decorated with two filigree belfries.^[4] The walls and semicircular vault ceilings of the church, divided into bays, were decorated at that time with profuse paintings in perspective, using illusionary techniques and depicting scenes in the life of Saint Anne. A chapel of Saint Ładysław was also decorated in this fashion. All paintings were by Friar Walenty Żebrowski.^[4]

The church was reconstructed for the last time between 1786 and 1788 by order of King Stanisław August Poniatowski.

During the Warsaw Uprising of 1794, part of the national Kościuszko Uprising in 1794, Bishop Józef Kossakowski, considered the traitor of the nation, was executed in front of the church (hanged with a great applause by Warsaw inhabitants).^[4]

The roof of the church was heavily damaged in the air raid on Warsaw in 1939 and then destroyed by fire in 1944^[3] during the Warsaw Uprising but soon repaired.^[5] In 1949 the walls were undermined by the excavation for the WZ route and had to be quickly reinforced. Restoration of all elements was undertaken from the 1940s-70s, supervised by architect Beata Trylińska [pl].^[3]

Façade and interior

The present façade was built in 1788 in a Neoclassical style typical of the reign of King Stanisław August Poniatowski, by Chrystian Piotr Aigner. Sculptors of that time were Jakub Monaldi and Franciszek Pinck, who carved statues of the Four Evangelists which decorate the façade.^[4] The interior of the church is now in high-baroque style with several chapels. The church makes an overwhelming impression on the visitor with its surprisingly rich interior filled with frescoes.

The only example of a diamond vault preserved in Warsaw can be seen in the cloister leading to the vestry.

Notes

In-line:

^ Zarządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 8 września 1994 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii., M.P., 1994, vol. 50, No. 423
^ J. Tęgowski, Anna i Barbara – księżne mazowieckie z XV wieku. Przyczynek do genealogii Piastów mazowieckich, in: J. Śliwiński (red.), Społeczeństwo i polityka do XVII wieku, Olsztyn 1994
^ ^a ^b ^c "Kościół Św. Anny". swanna.waw (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Stefan Kieniewicz, ed. (1984). Warszawa w latach 1526–1795 (in Polish). Warsaw. ISBN 83-01033-23-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b "Kościół pw. św. Anny". warszawa1939.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2008-02-09.
^ "Wieża kościoła św. Anny". foto.kai.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2008-02-09.