Krasny (Russian: Кра́сный) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Krasninsky District of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Svinaya and the Mereyka Rivers 67 kilometers (42 mi)[7] southwest of Smolensk. Population: 4,349 (2010 Census);[2] 4,714 (2002 Census);[8] 5,087 (1989 Soviet census).[9]
Krasny
Красный | |
|---|---|
Settlement[1] | |
 | |
_(1780).png) Coat of arms | |
Location of Krasny  | |
  Krasny Location of Krasny  Krasny Krasny (Smolensk Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 54°33′36″N 31°25′48″E / 54.56000°N 31.43000°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Smolensk Oblast[1] |
| Administrative district | Krasninsky District[1] |
| Urban settlement | Krasninskoye[1] |
| Founded | 1165 (Julian) |
| Population | |
• Total | 4,349 |
| • Capital of | Krasninskoye Urban Settlement[1] |
| • Municipal district | Krasninsky Municipal District[3] |
| • Urban settlement | Krasninskoye Urban Settlement[3] |
| • Capital of | Krasninsky Municipal District[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 216100 |
| OKTMO ID | 66624151051 |
History
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Krasny (originally Krasn or Krasen) is first mentioned in 1165 by the Hypatian Codex, when Davyd Rostislavich, Prince of Smolensk, gave Krasen to his nephew, Roman of Vitebsk. In 1404 it became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, then in 1516 it passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and in 1618 it passed to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, within which it was administratively located in the Smolensk Voivodeship.[10] In 1654, it was finally transferred to the Tsardom of Russia.[11]
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Smolensk Governorate and remained there until 1929, with the exception of the brief period between 1775 and 1796, when Smolensk Governorate was transformed into Smolensk Viceroyalty. The area belonged to Krasninsky Uyezd, which was established in 1775. In 1776, Krasny was granted town status. In 1796, the uyezd was abolished but it was re-established in 1802.[11][12]
During the French invasion of Russia, Krasny played an important role, since the French army passed it twice en route to and from Russia. The battle in August 1812 was a lesser action of Murat's advance guard against the small retreating Russian rearguard of Dmitry Neverovsky. The French ran into unexpectedly strong resistance from the Russians. In his Napoleonic history, de Ségur wrote that Neverovsky retreated "like a lion".
At the Battle of Krasnoi in November 1812, the Russian army inflicted heavy losses on the remnants of the French Grande Armée. There are two monuments in Krasny commemorating that event, both erected in 1912.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1863 | 2,760 | — |
| 1897 | 2,753 | −0.3% |
| 1989 | 5,087 | +84.8% |
| 2002 | 4,714 | −7.3% |
| 2010 | 4,349 | −7.7% |
| Source: [10][13] | ||
In 1897, the ethnic make-up, by mother tongue, was 46.3% Russian, 46.2% Belarusian, 5.7% Jewish and 1.0% Polish.[13]
On 12 July 1929, governorates and uyezds were abolished, and Krasninsky District with the administrative center in Krasny was established. Krasny did not retain the town status during Soviet times. The district belonged to Smolensk Okrug of Western Oblast. On August 1, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. On 27 September 1937 Western Oblast was abolished and split between Oryol and Smolensk Oblasts. Krasninsky District was transferred to Smolensk Oblast. Between 1941 and 1943, during WWII, Krasny was occupied by German troops. On 1 February 1963, during the abortive Khrushchyov administrative reform, Krasninsky District was merged into Smolensky District, but in 1965 it was re-established.[11][12]
Climate
editKrasny has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).
| Climate data for Krasny | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −4.1 (24.6) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
2.3 (36.1) |
11.2 (52.2) |
17.4 (63.3) |
20.7 (69.3) |
23.1 (73.6) |
21.8 (71.2) |
16.1 (61.0) |
8.8 (47.8) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
9.6 (49.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.1 (21.0) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
6.7 (44.1) |
13.2 (55.8) |
16.8 (62.2) |
19.2 (66.6) |
17.9 (64.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
6.2 (43.2) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
6.5 (43.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.5 (16.7) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
1.7 (35.1) |
8.0 (46.4) |
11.9 (53.4) |
14.6 (58.3) |
13.6 (56.5) |
8.7 (47.7) |
3.5 (38.3) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
2.8 (37.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 53 (2.1) |
47 (1.9) |
46 (1.8) |
48 (1.9) |
76 (3.0) |
84 (3.3) |
98 (3.9) |
78 (3.1) |
64 (2.5) |
67 (2.6) |
57 (2.2) |
51 (2.0) |
769 (30.3) |
| Source: https://en.climate-data.org/asia/russian-federation/smolensk-oblast/krasny-31405/ | |||||||||||||
Economy
editIndustry includes flax and dairy processing, vegetable processing, and manufacture of drainage pipes.[14]
Transportation
editKrasny has access to M1 "Belarus" Highway and is additionally connected by paved roads with Smolensk and with Orsha (so called Old Smolensk Road).
Culture and recreation
editIn Krasny, there is a museum of local lore, whose three exhibits include materials on the Patriotic War of 1812, Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945, and on modern life at the settlement.[15]
On September 27, 2009, the "Walk of Heroes" history museum opened in Krasny.[citation needed]
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d e f Resolution #261
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b Law #77-z
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Федеральное агентство по технологическому регулированию и метрологии. №ОК 033-2013 1 января 2014 г. «Общероссийский классификатор территорий муниципальных образований. Код 66 624 151 051». (Federal State Statistics Service. Federal Agency on Technological Regulation and Metrology. #OK 033-2013 January 1, 2014 Russian Classification of Territories of Municipal Formations. Code 66 624 151 051. ).
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Great Soviet Encyclopedia, entry on Krasny
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ a b Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IV (in Polish). Warszawa. 1883. p. 625.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c Историческая справка (in Russian). Krasninsky District Administration. Archived from the original on 11 April 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
- ^ a b Борис Парфенов; Ольга Хоренженкова. К истории формирования Смоленской области (in Russian). Смоленск. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
- ^ a b Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г. (in Russian). Vol. XL. 1903. pp. 84–87.
- ^ Организации (in Russian). Krasninsky District Administration. Archived from the original on 14 May 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
- ^ Краснинский краеведческий музей имени супругов Ерашовых (in Russian). Музеи России. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
Sources
edit- Администрация Смоленской области. Постановление №261 от 30 апреля 2008 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Смоленской области», в ред. Постановления №464 от 27 июня 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в реестр административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Смоленской области». Опубликован: База данных "Консультант-плюс". (Administration of Smolensk Oblast. Resolution #261 of April 30, 2008 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and Territorial Units of Smolensk Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #464 of June 27, 2014 On Amending the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and Territorial Units of Smolensk Oblast. ).
- Смоленская областная Дума. Закон №77-з от 1 декабря 2004 г. «О наделении статусом муниципального района муниципального образования "Краснинский район" Смоленской области, об установлении границ муниципальных образований, территории которых входят в его состав, и наделении их соответствующим статусом», в ред. Закона №87-з от 31 октября 2011 г. «О внесении изменений в областной Закон "О наделении статусом муниципального района муниципального образования "Краснинский район" Смоленской области, об установлении границ муниципальных образований, территории которых входят в его состав, и наделении их соответствующим статусом"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вестник Смоленской областной Думы и Администрации Смоленской области", №12, часть II, стр. 145, 5 декабря 2004 г. (Smolensk Oblast Duma. Law #77-z of December 1, 2004 On Granting the Status of the Municipal District to the Municipal Formation of "Krasninsky District" of Smolensk Oblast, on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Whose Territories It Comprises, and on Granting Them Appropriate Status, as amended by the Law #87-z of October 31, 2011 On Amending the Oblast Law "On Granting the Status of the Municipal District to the Municipal Formation of "Krasninsky District" of Smolensk Oblast, on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Whose Territories It Comprises, and on Granting Them Appropriate Status". Effective as of the official publication date.).