Le Kremlin-Bicêtre (French pronunciation: [lə kʁɛmlɛ̃ bisɛtʁ] ) is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is 4.5 km (2.8 mi) from the center of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe.
Le Kremlin-Bicêtre | |
|---|---|
 Town hall | |
 Coat of arms | |
 Location (in red) within Paris inner suburbs | |
Location of Le Kremlin-Bicêtre  | |
  Le Kremlin-Bicêtre  Le Kremlin-Bicêtre | |
| Coordinates: 48°48′36″N 2°21′29″E / 48.81°N 2.3581°E | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Île-de-France |
| Department | Val-de-Marne |
| Arrondissement | L'Haÿ-les-Roses |
| Canton | Le Kremlin-Bicêtre |
| Intercommunality | Grand Paris |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–2026) | Jean-Luc Laurent[1] |
| Area 1 | 1.54 km2 (0.59 sq mi) |
| Population (2021)[2] | 24,380 |
| • Density | 16,000/km2 (41,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 94043 /94270 |
| Elevation | 45–115 m (148–377 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
Le Kremlin-Bicêtre is most famous as the location of the Bicêtre Hospital, where Superintendent Philippe Pinel is credited as being the first to introduce humane methods into the treatment of the mentally ill, in 1793. Its most notorious guest was the Marquis de Sade.
Urbanism
editTypology
editLe Kremlin-Bicêtre is an urban commune, as it is one of the dense or intermediate density communes, as defined by the Insee communal density grid.[a][3][4][5] It belongs to the urban unit of Paris, an inter-departmental conurbation comprising 411 communes[6] and 10,785,092 inhabitants in 2017, of which it is a suburban commune.[7][8]
The commune is also part of the functional area of Paris[b] where it is located in the main population and employment centre of the functional area. This area comprises 1,929 communes.[9][10]
Toponymy
editThe name has roots both in England and Russia. Le Kremlin-Bicêtre was originally a hamlet called simply Bicêtre and located within the commune of Gentilly. The name Bicêtre comes from the manor built there by John of Pontoise, Bishop of Winchester (England), in the end of the 13th century. The name of this Manor of Winchester was corrupted into Vinchestre, then Bichestre, and eventually Bicêtre. The Bicêtre Hospital was built starting in 1634 on the ruins of the manor.
In 1813, the Bicêtre Hospital acted as a major reception point for evacuated casualties of the Grande Armée from the French invasion of Russia. Veterans of the invasion of Russia used to gather in a tavern near Bicêtre Hospital. This tavern was soon renamed Au sergent du Kremlin ("At the Kremlin sergeant") in reference to the Moscow Kremlin where the veterans had camped.
Gradually the name Kremlin was used for the whole neighborhood around the Bicêtre Hospital, and appeared for the first time officially in an ordnance map of 1832. Later the names Kremlin and Bicêtre were joined together and became the official name of the area.
History
editThe commune of Le Kremlin-Bicêtre was created on 13 December 1896 by detaching its territory from the commune of Gentilly.
Population
edit
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| Source: EHESS[11] and INSEE (1968-2017)[12] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transport
editLe Kremlin-Bicêtre is served by Le Kremlin-Bicêtre station on Paris Métro Line 7, and Hôpital Bicêtre station on Paris Métro Line 14.
Education
edit
Public primary and secondary schools:[13]
- Five preschools: Benoît-Malon, Jean-Zay, Pauline-Kergomard, Robert-Desnos, Suzanne-Buisson
- Five elementary schools: Benoît-Malon A, Benoît-Malon B, Charles-Péguy, Pierre-Brossolette
Secondary schools:
- Public junior high schools: Collège Jean-Perrin and Collège Albert-Cron[14]
- Public senior high schools: Lycée intercommunal Darius-Milhaud and Lycée Pierre-Brossolette[15]
There is one private elementary and junior high, Jeanne-d'Arc.[13][14]
Le Kremlin-Bicêtre also has the computer science schools EPITA and EPITECH.[16] The computer programming school Coding Academy, IONIS School of Technology and Management, the Web@cademie and the school E-Artsup are also located in the commune.
Notable residents
edit- Roger Caillois (1913–1978), writer, sociologist, and literary critic.
- Suzanne Flon (1918–2005), actress and comedian, born at Kremlin-Bicêtre.
- Kamelancien (aka Kamelanc'), rap artist of Moroccan origin, who debuted in 1993.
- Charles Lavialle (Émile Charles Jean Aldéric Lavialle) was an actor, who died 16 October 1965 in this town.
- Lazare Ponticelli, the last surviving French and Italian veteran of World War I, Resistance member and industrialist, died here in 2008.
- Vincent Purkart, seven-time French table tennis champion and creator of the Secrétin-Purkart Show, a humorous look at the sport broadcast on television.
- Jean-François Revel, intellectual, lived in this town during the latter part of his life, and he died here in April 2006.
Gallery
edit-
Townhall -
Music School & cultural center "André Malraux"
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ According to the zoning of rural and urban municipalities published in November 2020, in application of the new definition of rurality validated on November 14 2020 by the Interministerial Committee for Rural Areas.
- ^ In October 2020, the concept of functional area replaced that of urban area in order to enable consistent comparisons with other European Union countries
References
edit- ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
- ^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
- ^ "Typologie urbain / rural". observatoire-des-territoires.gouv.fr. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
- ^ "Commune urbaine - définition". Insee website. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
- ^ "Comprendre la grille de densité". observatoire-des-territoires.gouv.fr. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
- ^ "Unité urbaine 2020 de Paris". insee.fr. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
- ^ "Base des unités urbaines 2020". insee.fr. October 21, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
- ^ Costemalle, Vianney (October 21, 2020). "Toujours plus d'habitants dans les unités urbaines". website of Insee. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
- ^ "Liste des communes composant l'aire d'attraction de Paris". Insee website. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
- ^ Marie-Pierre de Bellefon; Pascal Eusebio; Jocelyn Forest; Olivier Pégaz-Blanc; Raymond Warnod; (Insee) (October 21, 2020). "En France, neuf personnes sur dix vivent dans l'aire d'attraction d'une ville". Insee website. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
- ^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, EHESS (in French).
- ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
- ^ a b "Les écoles maternelles et élémentaires." Le Kremlin-Bicêtre. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.
- ^ a b "Les collèges." Le Kremlin-Bicêtre. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.
- ^ "Les lycées." Le Kremlin-Bicêtre. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.
- ^ "Enseignement supérieur." Le Kremlin-Bicêtre. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.
External links
edit
- (in French) Kremlin-Bicêtre official website