Knurów ([ˈknuruf] ; German: Knurow; Silesian: Knurōw) is a city near Katowice in Silesia, southern Poland. Knurów is an outer city of the Metropolis GZM, a metropolis with a population of two million.
Knurów | |
|---|---|
 City hall in Knurów | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Knurów | |
| Coordinates: 50°13′N 18°41′E / 50.217°N 18.683°E | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship |  Silesian |
| County | Gliwice |
| Gmina | Knurów (urban gmina) |
| First mentioned | ca. 1295 |
| City rights | 1951 |
| Government | |
| • City mayor | Tomasz Rzepa |
| Area | |
• City | 33.95 km2 (13.11 sq mi) |
| Population (2019-06-30[1]) | |
• City | 38,310 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (2,900/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,746,000 |
| • Metro | 5,294,000 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 44-190 to 44-196 |
| Car plates | SGL |
| Climate | Dfb |
| Primary airport | Katowice Airport |
| Highways |  |
| National roads |  |
| Voivodeship roads |   |
| Website | http://www.knurow.pl/ |
Knurów is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Bierawka River, a tributary of the Oder River.
History
editKnurów's history as a city is relatively short, as it only became a town in 1951, when also the settlements of Krywałd and Szczygłowice were included within its town limits as districts. However, Knurów's existence can be traced back as far back as ca. 1295–1305, when it was mentioned in the Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis chronicle, and was part of Piast-ruled Poland. It was then mentioned as Knauersdorf or Cnurowicz, and later on mostly appeared in documents under its current name. Later on, it was also part of Bohemia (Czechia), Prussia and Germany. Throughout centuries, Knurów was a private village, and among its owners were the Goszycki, Węgierski and Paczyński families.[2] The town rapidly grew at the end of the 18th century as the Industrial Revolution came and vast coal reserves were found in the area. In the late 19th century, the settlement had a population of 776.[3] In 1904, the first mine shaft was opened, and in 1908-1909 a railway line connecting Knurów with Rybnik was built.[2] In 1912, the first strike took place at the local mine.[2]
After World War I, in 1918, Poland regained independence, and following the Polish Silesian Uprisings Knurów was reintegrated with Poland. In the interwar period, Knurów developed intensively. New schools, stadiums, a pipeline connecting with Bełk and the first synthetic ammonia plant in Poland were built.[2] In 1923, a monument to the participants of the Silesian Uprisings was unveiled.[2] The coal industry continued growing well in the 20th century, and doubled its output with a new mine being built in 1961 in Szczygłowice.
Knurów and the present-day districts of Krywałd and Szczygłowice were invaded by Germany on September 1, 1939, the first day of the invasion of Poland and World War II.[2] Already in early September 1939, German troops committed a massacre of four Poles in Szczygłowice (see Nazi crimes against the Polish nation).[4] During the subsequent German occupation, the occupiers established and operated two forced labour subcamps (E75, E758) of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp in the town.[5] A unit of the Home Army, the leading Polish resistance organization, was founded in Knurów in 1942.[2] In January 1945, it was captured by the Soviets, who established a transit camp for local Polish Silesians who were deported to the Soviet Union (see Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)).[2] Knurów was restored to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which then stayed in power until the Fall of Communism in the 1980s.
In 1951, Knurów was granted town rights.[6] Several new schools were opened between 1964 and 1991, and new Catholic parishes were established in 1977–1983.[2] More recently, in May 2015, riots ensued in the town after a Concordia Knurów fan was shot dead by police during a football match.
Population
editKnurów is one of the cities of the 2.7 million conurbation – Katowice urban area and within a greater Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area populated by about 5,294,000 people.[7] The population of the town is 38,310 (2019).
Politics
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2015) |
Administratively Knurów has been part of the Silesian Voivodeship since the latter's formation in 1999; previously it was part of Katowice Voivodeship.
Economy
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2015) |
The town is usually associated with coal mining, as it lies in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. The coal mine was established in 1903 in Knurów on the initiative of Gustav von Velsen, who was a ministerial director at the Department of Mining in Berlin. In 2019, the mine was connected to the Szczygłowice Coal Mine.[8]
Sport
editThe town is home to Concordia Knurów, a lower league football club which was founded in 1923, and famously where Jerzy Dudek started his career. Another famous athlete Agnieszka Dubiel, was a professional sailor for many years. She managed to stay in National Sailing Team and represent Poland on many European and World Championships. Her best result was 21st on Youth World Championship 2014.
The route of the 2016 Tour de Pologne cycling race ran through the town.[2]
Twin towns – sister cities
editKnurów is twinned with:[9][10]
Kazincbarcika, Hungary
Svit, Slovakia
References
edit- ^ "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. 2019-10-15. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Kalendarium wydarzeń". wirtualnyknurow.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ^ Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IV (in Polish). Warszawa. 1883. p. 199.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 277.
- ^ "Working Parties". Lamsdorf.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ^ Rozporządzenie Prezesa Rady Ministrów z dnia 8 listopada 1950 r. w sprawie nadania ustroju miejskiego niektórym gminom w województwach: katowickim i warszawskim, gromadzie Hajnówka w województwie białostockim oraz zniesienia i zmiany granic niektórych miast i gmin w województwach katowickim i białostockim., Dz. U., 1950, vol. 51, No. 472
- ^ European Spatial Planning Observation Network (ESPON) "Project 1.4.3". Archived from the original on 2009-07-28. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
- ^ "Knurów Coal Mine". Outriders. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
- ^ "Miasto Partnerskie - Kazincbarcika". knurow.pl (in Polish). Knurów. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
- ^ "Miasto Partnerskie - Svit". knurow.pl (in Polish). Knurów. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
External links
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