Wikipedia

Kulm (ski flying venue)

(Redirected from Kulm (flying hill))

Kulm is a ski flying hill located in Tauplitz/Bad Mitterndorf, Styria, Austria opened in 1950.[1]

Kulm
Kulm in January 2023
Constructor(s)Ing. Hans Peyerl
LocationTauplitz
OpenedHill test:
18 February 1950
Unofficially:
8 March 1950
FIS Official opening:
27 February 1953
Renovated1953, 1975, 1986,
1996, 2015
Size
K–point200 m
Hill size235 m
Longest jump
(unofficial / fall)		247.5 m (812 ft)
Slovenia Žiga Jelar
(27 January 2023)
Hill record244 m (801 ft)
Slovenia Peter Prevc
(16 January 2016)
Top events
Ski Flying World Championships1975, 1986, 1996, 2006, 2016

In 2003, The women's world record at 200 metres was set by Daniela Iraschko-Stolz, who at the time was the only woman in history to have jumped over two hundred meters.

Furthermore, the men's world record has been set three times at Kulm (1962, 1965 and 1986).

This hill is one of only five of its type in the world, allowing for jumps of more than 240 metres. The current hill record of 244 m (801 ft) was set by Peter Prevc during the 2016 Ski Flying World Championships.

They hosted the five FIS Ski Flying World Championships here in 1975, 1986, 1996, 2006, and 2016.

In 2015, the hill was last renovated to a current K200 and HS235, with much longer jumps possible.

History

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1948/49: Hill construction

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Construction began in 1948 under leadership Viktor Stüger, president of Salzkammergut Ski Association, completed in 1949 as the largest natural ski jumping hill in the world, designed by Ing. Hans Peyerl.[2]

1950: First unofficial event held

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On 8–12 March 1950, opening International Ski Flying Week competition was held on new built ski flying hill. Hubert Neuper Sr. was honoured to be the first to try new hill. The last two days counted for "Longest Ski Jump" competition won by Rudi Dietrich (103 metres) ahead of Hans Eder (102 m) and third placed shared by Werfener Huber and Fritz Ruepp (both 94 metres). However, International Ski Federation (FIS) did not approve the hill and not even this unofficial competition, as it turned out to be, that hill was very poorly and insufficiently built, by far from the International standards valid back then.[3][4][5][6][7][8]

1951: Second unofficial event held

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On 16–18 March 1951, second International Ski Flying Week, an unofficial competition was held in front of total 15,000 people. Summary of total length of four jumps counted into final score. Already on first day, Bradl set new hill record at 115 meters. He was also the winner of the 4 jumps competition with 530 meters in total, in front of the 2nd ranked West German Sepp Hohenleitner (504 meters) and the 3rd ranked Rudi Dietrich (501 meters). Hill was rebuilt with many improvements, but to receive approval from the FIS to organize the official International Ski Flying Week, further requirements had to be met. Hill was again re-designed by Ing. Hans Peyerl in cooperation with the ski jumping FIS consultant Ing. Straumann.[9][10][11]

In 1952, Salzkammergut Ski Association, governed body responsible for the hill was dissolved, because Ausserland came back to Styria. In this way, it was possible to make this hill a top priority for the Styrian state government, which assigned the responsibility to the Styrian Ski Association.

1953: Hill officially opened with FIS approval

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On 27 February–1 March 1953, three-day competition, 1st official "FIS International Ski Flying Week", finally recognized by FIS due to many upgrades. About 50,000 people visited the event. Josef Bradl won the competition with 449.8 points ahead of Andreas Däscher and Roy Sherwood.[12][13]

On 10–11 March 1956, two-day competition, 2nd official "International Ski Flying Week" was held. Total four jumps counted into official result, two best jumps from each day. Peter Lesser won the event with total 428.5 points ahead of Veikko Heinonen (FIN) and Olaf B. Bjørnstad (NOR).[14][15]

On 20–22 March 1959, three-day competition, 3rd official "International Ski Flying Week" was held, on the last day alone crowd of 30,000 people. Six jumps in total, two best from each day counted into official result. Torbjørn Yggeseth (NOR), founder of FIS World Cup won the event.[16][17][18]

1962: Lesser set first world record

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On 1–4 March 1962, three-day competition, 4th official "International Ski Flying Week" was held. Already on the first day, at the official training, East German Peter Lesser tied the world record with Jože Šlibar (Oberstdorf 1961), first on this hill, at 141 m (463 ft). His teammate Helmut Recknagel won ahead of two West Germans Wolfgang Happle and Max Bolkart, watched by more than 40,000 people on Sunday, the last day alone.[19][20][21]

1965: Lesser set second world record

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On 19–21 March 1965, three-day competition, "K.O.P. International Ski Flying Week" was held. First day (Friday) counted as official training, but also as a reserved date, if one of two competition days (Saturday or Sunday) was cancelled, would be calculated into official result. Already on first day, Bjørn Wirkola fell at world record distance at 144 meters (472 ft). On Saturday, Peter Lesser also fell at world record distance at 147 metres (482 ft). On Sunday, in front of 30,000 people, Peter Lesser set official world record for the second time here after three years at 145.5 metres (477 ft).[22][23]

1971: Competition blown away

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On 19–21 March 1971, three-day competition, "K.O.P. International Ski Flying Week", which would also be counting for "Europa Cup", was due to strong wind all three days, first and only time in history completely cancelled. Only four trial jumpers managed to perform the last day. Saturday and Sunday results were planned to count into official results, and if one of them was cancelled, Friday results would be counting as a reserve.[24][25][26]

1986: Horrible crashes and WR tied

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On 8–9 March 1986, Kulm hosted "9th FIS Ski Flying World Championships" at enlarged and rebuilt with new K185 point, renovation plan inspired by Planica. More than 50,000 people in total visited in all three days. It started great already on official training (Friday), with new hill record at 188 meters (617 ft) set by Austrian Franz Neuländtner. On the last day (Sunday), Masahiro Akimoto, Ulf Findeisen, Øyvind Berg and Grega Peljhan, all four crashed very hard, from high in the air direct to the ground. Four best jumps in total (2 of 3 best jumps each day) counted into final results. For the great final Andreas Felder who became world champion, set the world record at 191 m (627 feet) and equaled it with Matti Nykänen (1985).[27][28][29][30][31]

1996: World Championships counted also for World Cup

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On 10–11 February 1996, two-day competition "14th FIS Ski Flying World Championships", with each day also counting for FIS World Cup, was held. Total of 130,000 people gathered in all four days. It all started with free training on Thursday, when Jens Weißflog (201 m) became the first who managed to surpass two-hundred-meter mark on this hill and 8th jump over this barrier in history. Andreas Goldberger became world champion in front of home crowd with total four jumps, two from each day counting (183, 183, 194 and 198 m), with final score of total 738.1 points.[32][33][34][35]

Events

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  FIS Ski Flying World Championships (in 1996 also the World Cup event.)
Date Year Hillsize Winner Second Third
↓ International Ski Flying Week ↓
(FIS did not officially recognize those two competitions)
11–12 March   1950 K95   Rudi Dietrich   Hans Eder   Werfener Huber
  Fritz Ruepp
16–18 March   1951 K95   Sepp Bradl   Sepp Hohenleitner   Rudi Dietrich
↓ FIS International Ski Flying Week ↓
27 February  
—  
1 March  		 1953 K120   Sepp Bradl   Andreas Däscher   Roy Sherwood
10–11 March   1956 K120   Werner Lesser   Veikko Heinonen   Olaf B. Bjørnstad
20–22 March   1959 K120   Torbjørn Yggeseth   Helmut Recknagel   Walter Habersatter
2–4 March   1962 K120   Helmut Recknagel   Wolfgang Happle   Max Bolkart
↓ K.O.P. International Ski Flying Week ↓
19–21 March   1965 K120   Henrik Ohlmeyer   Bernd Karwofsky   Peter Lesser
3 March   1968 K120   Zbyněk Hubač   Reinhold Bachler   Jiří Raška
↓ K.O.P. International Ski Flying Week = FIS Europa Cup ↓
19–21 March   1971 K120 strong wind all three days; only four jumps held in total
↓ 3rd FIS Ski Flying World Championships ↓
14–16 March   1975 K165   Karel Kodejška   Rainer Schmidt   Karl Schnabl
↓ K.O.P. International Ski Flying Week ↓
3–5 March   1978 K165   Peter Leitner   Falko Weißpflog   Alois Lipburger
↓ FIS World Cup ↓
12 March   1982 K165   Matti Nykänen   Hubert Neuper   Andreas Felder
13 March     Hubert Neuper   Matti Nykänen   Ole Bremseth
14 March     Hubert Neuper   Ole Bremseth   Armin Kogler
↓ 9th FIS Ski Flying World Championships ↓
8–9 March   1986 K185   Andreas Felder   Franz Neuländtner   Matti Nykänen
↓ FIS World Cup ↓
23 February   1991 K185   Stephan Zünd   Ari-Pekka Nikkola   Per-Inge Tällberg
24 February     Stefan Horngacher   Ralph Gebstedt   Heinz Kuttin
30 January   1993 K185   Jaroslav Sakala   Werner Haim   Andreas Goldberger
31 January     Jaroslav Sakala   Didier Mollard   Andreas Goldberger
↓ 14th FIS Ski Flying World Championships = FIS World Cup ↓
10 February   1996 K185   Janne Ahonen   Andreas Goldberger   Ari-Pekka Nikkola
11 February     Andreas Goldberger   Christof Duffner   Janne Ahonen
Championships (10–11 February)   Andreas Goldberger   Janne Ahonen   Urban Franc
↓ FIS World Cup ↓
8 February   1997 K185   Takanobu Okabe   Andreas Goldberger   Primož Peterka
9 February     Primož Peterka   Andreas Goldberger   Takanobu Okabe
19 February   2000 K185   Sven Hannawald   Andreas Widhölzl   Tommy Ingebrigtsen
20 February   cancelled due to strong wind
1 February   2003 K185   Florian Liegl   Sven Hannawald   Adam Małysz
2 February     Sven Hannawald   Florian Liegl   Matti Hautamäki
15 January   2005 HS200   Andreas Widhölzl   Roar Ljøkelsøy   Adam Małysz
16 January     Adam Małysz   Andreas Widhölzl   Risto Jussilainen
↓ 19th FIS Ski Flying World Championships ↓
13–14 January   2006 HS200   Roar Ljøkelsøy   Andreas Widhölzl   Thomas Morgenstern
15 January     Norway
Bjørn Einar Romøren
Lars Bystøl
Tommy Ingebrigtsen
Roar Ljøkelsøy
   Finland
Janne Happonen
Tami Kiuru
Matti Hautamäki
Janne Ahonen
   Germany
Michael Neumayer
Georg Späth
Alexander Herr
Michael Uhrmann
↓ FIS World Cup ↓
10 January   2009 HS200   Gregor Schlierenzauer   Simon Ammann   Martin Koch
11 January     Gregor Schlierenzauer   Harri Olli   Simon Ammann
9 January   2010 HS200   Robert Kranjec   Simon Ammann   Martin Koch
10 January     Gregor Schlierenzauer   Robert Kranjec   Harri Olli
14 January   2012 HS200 strong wind; postponed to the next day morning as event No.1
15 January     Robert Kranjec   Thomas Morgenstern   Anders Bardal
15 January     Anders Bardal   Daiki Ito   Kamil Stoch
11 January   2014 HS200   Noriaki Kasai   Peter Prevc   Gregor Schlierenzauer
12 January     Peter Prevc   Gregor Schlierenzauer   Noriaki Kasai
10 January   2015 HS225   Severin Freund   Stefan Kraft   Jurij Tepeš
11 January   cancelled due to strong wind
↓ 24th FIS Ski Flying World Championships ↓
15–16 January   2016 HS225   Peter Prevc   Kenneth Gangnes   Stefan Kraft
17 January     Norway
Anders Fannemel
Johann André Forfang
Daniel-André Tande
Kenneth Gangnes
   Germany
Andreas Wellinger
Stephan Leyhe
Richard Freitag
Severin Freund
   Austria
Stefan Kraft
Manuel Poppinger
Manuel Fettner
Michael Hayböck
↓ FIS World Cup ↓
13 January   2018 HS235   Andreas Stjernen   Daniel-André Tande   Simon Ammann
14 January   cancelled due to strong wind
15 February   2020 HS235   Piotr Żyła   Timi Zajc   Stefan Kraft
16 February     Stefan Kraft   Ryōyū Kobayashi   Timi Zajc
28 January   2023 HS235   Halvor Egner Granerud   Stefan Kraft   Domen Prevc
29 January     Halvor Egner Granerud   Timi Zajc   Stefan Kraft

Hill record

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Men

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Possible HRs, start order in 2R unclear (7.3.1986) – Bauer (176m), Klauser (175m), Suorsa (172m), Nykänen (170m), Findeisen (169m).[36]

Date Length
18 February 1950     Hubert Neuper Sr. 75.0 m (246 ft)  
18 February 1950     Hubert Neuper Sr. 93.0 m (305 ft)  
18 February 1950     Hubert Neuper Sr. 96.0 m (315 ft)  
8 March 1950     Alois Leodolter 100.0 m (328 ft)  
9 March 1950     Rudi Dietrich 101.0 m (331 ft)  
11 March 1950     Hans Eder 102.0 m (335 ft)  
11 March 1950     Hans Eder 106.5 m (349 ft)  
12 March 1950     Rudi Gering 104.0 m (341 ft)  
12 March 1950     Hans Eder 102.5 m (336 ft)  
12 March 1950     Rudi Dietrich 103.0 m (338 ft)  
16 March 1951     Sepp Bradl 115.0 m (377 ft)  
27 February 1953     Toni Brutscher 116.0 m (381 ft)  
27 February 1953     Roy Sherwood 120.0 m (394 ft)  
28 February 1953     Sepp Bradl 120.0 m (394 ft)  
9 March 1956     Werner Lesser 125.0 m (410 ft)  
20 March 1959     Torbjørn Yggeseth 127.0 m (467 ft)  
1 March 1962     Peter Lesser   141.0 m (463 ft)  
19 March 1965     Bjørn Wirkola 144.0 m (472 ft)  
20 March 1965     Peter Lesser 147.0 m (482 ft)  
21 March 1965     Peter Lesser   145.5 m (477 ft)  
15 March 1975     Karl Schnabl 151.0 m (495 ft)  
Date Length
2 March 1978     Matthias Buse 151.0 m (495 ft)  
5 March 1978     Edi Federer 164.0 m (538 ft)  
12 March 1982     Hubert Neuper 166.0 m (545 ft)  
12 March 1982     Matti Nykänen 166.0 m (545 ft)  
14 March 1982     Hubert Neuper 167.0 m (548 ft)  
14 March 1982     Matti Nykänen 169.0 m (555 ft)  
7 March 1986     Franz Neuländtner 188.0 m (617 ft)  
9 March 1986     Andreas Felder   191.0 m (627 ft)  
8 February 1996     Jens Weißflog 201.0 m (659 ft)  
8 February 1997     Takanobu Okabe 205.0 m (673 ft)  
20 February 2000     Andreas Goldberger 209.5 m (687 ft)  
31 January 2003     Christian Nagiller 220.0 m (722 ft)  
31 January 2003     Sven Hannawald 214.0 m (702 ft)  
10 January 2009     Gregor Schlierenzauer 215.5 m (707 ft)  
9 January 2015     Jurij Tepeš 220.0 m (722 ft)  
9 January 2015     Robert Kranjec 221.0 m (725 ft)  
9 January 2015     Severin Freund 237.5 m (779 ft)  
15 January 2016     Noriaki Kasai 240.5 m (789 ft)  
15 January 2016     Peter Prevc 243.0 m (797 ft)  
16 January 2016     Peter Prevc 244.0 m (801 ft)  
27 January 2023     Žiga Jelar 247.5 m (812 ft)  
  Fall or touch at world record distance. Invalid.
  Fall or touch at hill record distance. Invalid.

Ladies

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Date Length
4 February 1997     Eva Ganster   141.0 m (472 ft)  
5 February 1997     Eva Ganster   161.0 m (528 ft)  
6 February 1997     Eva Ganster   163.0 m (535 ft)  
7 February 1997     Eva Ganster   164.5 m (540 ft)  
9 February 1997     Eva Ganster   165.0 m (541 ft)  
9 February 1997     Eva Ganster   167.0 m (548 ft)  
29 January 2003     Daniela Iraschko-Stolz   188.0 m (618 ft)  
29 January 2003     Daniela Iraschko-Stolz   200.0 m (656 ft)  

Technical data

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  • Hillsize – HS235
  • Inrun angle – 35.3°
  • Inrun length – 117.4 m
  • Calculation point – K200
  • Take-off table (height) – 4.75 m
  • Landing zone angle – 30.5° to 37.5°
  • Vertical (from top to bottom) – 197 m
  • Vertical (take-off table to bottom) – 135 m

References

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  1. ^ "Tauplitz, Bad Mitterndorf" Archived 5 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. skisprungschanzen.com. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  2. ^ "Der Kulm – die größte Naturschanze der Welt – Sternstunden, Enttäuschungen, Skandale" (in German). austria-forum.org. 24 January 2023.
  3. ^ "Leodolter spring 100 meter am Kulm (page 5)" (in German). Weltpresse. 9 March 1950.
  4. ^ "Nur Dietrich sprang mehr als 100 Meter (page 4)" (in German). Weltpresse. 10 March 1950.
  5. ^ "Eder "flog" 102 m auf der Kulm schanze (page 4)" (in German). Neue Zeit. 12 March 1950.
  6. ^ "Ausklang am Kulm mit Weitenrekord (page 3)" (in German). Die Neue Zeitung. 13 March 1950.
  7. ^ "Rekordspring Dietrichs am Kulm (page 8)" (in German). Weltpresse. 13 March 1950.
  8. ^ "Hubert Neuper: "Man soll ruhig einen Vogel haben"" (in German). nachrichten.at. 24 December 2013.
  9. ^ "Bradl fliegt 115 m (page 8)" (in German). Voralberger Volksblatt. 17 March 1951.
  10. ^ "Bradl springt 115 Meter in Mittendorf (page 8)" (in German). Osterreichische Zeitung. 18 March 1951.
  11. ^ "Bradl siegt von Hohenleitner (page 5)" (in German). Neues Osterreich. 20 March 1951.
  12. ^ "Šport: Planiški dnevi 1953, skoki v Kulmu" (in Slovenian). Slovenski poročevalec. 1 March 1953.
  13. ^ "Finžgar peti v Kulmu" (in Slovenian). Slovenski poročevalec. 4 March 1953.
  14. ^ "Skoki v Kulmu (page 12)" (in Slovenian). Slovenski poročevalec. 11 March 1956.
  15. ^ "Zidar – enaindvajseti (page 6)" (in Slovenian). Slovenski poročevalec. 12 March 1956.
  16. ^ "Od danes – poleti v Kulmu (page 5)" (in Slovenian). Slovenski poročevalec. 20 March 1959.
  17. ^ "Šlibar je pristal pri 100 m (page 16)" (in Slovenian). Slovenski poročevalec. 22 March 1959.
  18. ^ "Šlibar – najboljši Jugoslovan (page 1)" (in Slovenian). Slovenski poročevalec. 23 March 1959.
  19. ^ "Šlibarjev svetovni rekord ogrožen? (page 13)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 2 March 1962.
  20. ^ "V znamenju dvoboja Lesser-Recknagel (page 6)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 3 March 1962.
  21. ^ "Recknagel prvi – brez para (page 1)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 4 March 1962.
  22. ^ "Rekordne dolžine in padci (page 14)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 21 March 1965.
  23. ^ "145.5 m nov svetovni rekord (page 5)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 22 March 1965.
  24. ^ "Točke tudi našim (page 8)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 19 March 1971.
  25. ^ "Premočan veter (page 5)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 20 March 1971.
  26. ^ "Le štirje gosti (page 1)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 22 March 1971.
  27. ^ "Kulm čaka veliko predstavo (page 9)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 7 March 1986.
  28. ^ "Nykänen bo diktiral razplet na 9. svetovnem prvenstvu (page 6)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 8 March 1986.
  29. ^ "Zmagoslavje Avstrijcev na 9. SP v poletih (page 1)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 10 March 1986.
  30. ^ "Felder svetovni prvak in sorekorder (page 9)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 10 March 1986.
  31. ^ "Rezultati s Kulma (page 11)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 10 March 1986.
  32. ^ "Weissflog prvi čez 200 m (page 10)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 9 February 1996.
  33. ^ "Na Kulmu prvi tekmovalni dan svetovnega prvenstva (page 13)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 10 February 1996.
  34. ^ "Urban letel kot zvezdnik do neverjetne bronaste kolajne (page 13)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 12 February 1996.
  35. ^ "Semafor rezultatov (page 15)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 12 February 1996.
  36. ^ "Rezultati treninga: 2. serija (page 17)" (in Slovenian). Delo. 8 March 1986.

47°32′31.67″N 13°59′59.51″E / 47.5421306°N 13.9998639°E / 47.5421306; 13.9998639

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