Kungkari (also Gunggari, Koonkerri, Kuungkari) is an extinct and unclassified Australian Aboriginal language.[1] The Kungkari language region included the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Longreach Shire Council and Blackall-Tambo Shire Council.[2]
| Kungkari | |
|---|---|
| Kuungkari of Barcoo River | |
| Native to | Australia |
| Extinct | (date missing) |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | lku |
| Glottolog | kuun1236 |
| AIATSIS[1] | L38 |
| ELP | Kungkari |
Classification
editGeographically it lay near the Barcoo River between the Karnic and Maric languages, but had no obvious connection to either; the data is too poor to draw any conclusions on classification.
Bowern (2001) mentions Kungkari as a possible Karnic language.[3]: 247
Wafer and Lissarrague (2008)[4]: 324 report that a description of Kungkari by Breen (1990)[5]: 22–64 is of Kungkari, not the similarly-named Gunggari, which was Maric.[3]
Phonology
editConsonants
edit| Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Velar | Dental | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | |
| Plosive | p | k | t̪ | c | t | ʈ |
| Nasal | m | ŋ | n̪ | ɲ | n | ɳ |
| Rhotic | r | |||||
| Lateral | (l̪) | ʎ | l | ɭ | ||
| Approximant | w | j | ɻ | |||
- The dental lateral [l̪] mainly occurs as an allophone of /l/ within the consonant cluster /lt̪/.
- /t/ may be realized as a voiced stop [d] when after /n/, or as a voiced tap [ɾ] in intervocalic positions.
Vowels
edit| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i iː | u (uː) | |
| Low | a aː |
- The long [uː] only rarely occurs.[5]
References
edit- ^ a b L38 Kungkari at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^
This Wikipedia article incorporates text from Kuungkari published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence, accessed on 25 May 2022.
- ^ a b Bowern, Claire (2001). "Karnic classification revisited". In J Simpson; et al. (eds.). Forty years on. Canberra Pacific Linguistics. pp. 245–260. Archived from the original on 3 November 2021.
- ^ Wafer, Jim; Lissarrague, Amanda (2008). A Handbook of Aboriginal Languages of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. Muurrbay Aboriginal Language & Culture Co-operative.
- ^ a b Breen, Gavan (1990). Salvage studies of Western Queensland Aboriginal languages (PDF). Pacific Linguistics B-105. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
External links
edit- Kuungkari, Bidjara, Inangai & Wangkangurru (Central West Region) community language journey digital story, at State Library of Queensland
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