Wikipedia

LGBTQ rights in Maryland

(Redirected from LGBT history in Maryland)

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in the U.S. state of Maryland enjoy the same rights as non-LGBTQ people.[2] The state's anti-sodomy provisions were ruled unconstitutional in 1999 and repealed by the state's legislature in 2023. Maryland has had statewide protections against discrimination based on an individual's sexual orientation since 2001 and gender identity since 2014. Legislation to legalize same-sex marriage in Maryland was approved by voters on November 6, 2012 and went into effect on January 1, 2013. Today, the state of Maryland is regarded as one of the most LGBTQ-friendly states in the country, with a 2022 Public Religion Research Institute showing that 87% of Marylanders support LGBTQ anti-discrimination laws.[3] Additionally, a ban on conversion therapy on minors became effective on October 1, 2018.[4][5] In October 2020, Montgomery County passed unanimously an ordinance that implemented an LGBTIQ+ bill of rights.[6][7]

LGBTQ rights in Maryland
Maryland (US)
StatusLegal since 1999; codified in 2023
Gender identityTransgender people allowed to change legal gender without surgery
Discrimination protectionsProtections for both sexual orientation and gender identity[1]
(see below)
Family rights
Recognition of relationshipsSame-sex marriage since 2013
AdoptionSame-sex couples permitted to adopt

History and legality of same-sex sexual activity

edit

Same-sex sexual activity was criminalized in the Province of Maryland. The colonial law in Maryland mandated the death penalty for buggery. In August and September 1642, sodomy was described as a "capitall offence" within the colony by the Maryland General Assembly.[8][9] Previously, in 1638,[10] it had been deemed a felony. In 1776, the Maryland Declaration of Rights incorporated the English common law "along with its sodomy prohibition".[11] By December 1789, state law still deemed sodomy a felony. The statute passed that year punished sodomy between free men with hard labor, with the possibility of being whipped for any misconduct. The death penalty was proscribed for slaves, though the courts could commute the sentence to 14 years at hard labor.[12][13] In January 1810, the penalty for sodomy was changed to 1–10 years' imprisonment and the distinction between slaves and free men was eliminated.[14] The first recorded sodomy case in Maryland, also the first such case in the entire United States, occurred in 1810.

In Davis v. State, the Maryland Court of Appeals upheld, by a vote of 4-1, an indictment that charged Davis with sodomy.[13][15] In 1847, The Justices’ Practice under the Laws of Maryland; including the Duties of a Constable, a book by John H. B. Latrobe, noted that murders, while committing sodomy and other crimes, was to be deemed a first-degree murder, and that sodomy consisted of "carnal knowledge committed the order of nature" by men with other men, women with other women, or men and women engaging in bestiality.[16] In March 1892, the Maryland General Assembly enacted a law stating that sodomy, and other felonies, may be prosecuted upon order from a Baltimore County Circuit Court.[17]

During the period before World War I, many cities established so-called vice commissions to investigate reports of "perversion". The state also created a commission which reported in 1915 of cases of fellatio (oral sex), "heterosexual masochism and sadism" and homosexual activity in several cities, notably Baltimore.[18] In April 1916,[19] as a result of the report, the state enacted a new law prohibiting oral sex, whether heterosexual or homosexual, with a penalty of up to 10 years' imprisonment and/or a fine of 1,000 dollars.[20][21][22] The law was enacted with the claim it was "necessary for the immediate preservation of the public safety" and that it was "emergency" legislation.[23] It also prohibited any other "unnatural or perverted sexual practice".[24][19][25] A law enacted in April 1920 further defined lewdness as "any unnatural sexual practice".[26]

In Wentz v. State (1930), it was stated that "in cases involving sexual offenses...[including] sodomy [and] indecent liberties", there was an exception to the rule that other offenses other than the one "charged is admissible".[27] In April 1931, a law enacted by the Maryland General Assembly stated all murder committed, or attempt to perpetrate, any sodomy, related crimes, or escape from correctional institutions, shall be charged as "murder in the first degree".[28] In April 1934, in the case of Lutz v. State, Judge T. Scott Offutt spoke for the unanimous Maryland Court of Appeals, arguing that the April 1920 law "is directed to the suppression of sexual vice and perversion practiced for gain[.]"[29] In 1941, there was another sodomy case before the court, in Berger v. State, in which a heterosexual physician was prosecuted for acts of sodomy.[27] In March 1951, a law enacted by the Maryland General Assembly stated that sodomy, and other felonies, were exempted from prosecution upon order from the Prince George's County Circuit Court.[30] Another heterosexual case happened in 1952; in Haley v. State. The Court of Appeals unanimously sustained the state's rights to prosecute heterosexual "unnatural and perverted practices".[13][31] A challenge to the sodomy case was rejected by the Court of Appeals in 1956 in State v. Black. Numerous more sodomy court cases occurred over the following years.[13] By the 1960s, gay people in Baltimore were prosecuted for the crime of solicitation, while those elsewhere would be charged with the crime of "exposure", or charged with other crimes.[25]

In 1970, a state commission recommended decriminalizing "private homosexual acts of adults", by a vote of 12-2. The commission noted that practices in Maryland included frequent entrapment by "decoy" police, and suicides occasionally occurred from sodomy arrests.[25] Scholar Robert G. Fisher, applying the Kinsey Report statistics to Maryland, estimated that there were 100,000 "practicing male homosexuals" in the state.[25] The Maryland General Assembly did not follow the recommendations of the commission. In 1976, the Senate passed a bill to repeal the sodomy law, but it failed to pass the House, and repeal bills subsequently passed the Senate twice, in 1977 and 1987, but were rejected in the House.[13] A legal challenge to the law on the grounds of privacy violations was rejected by the Court of Appeals in 1980 in Kelly v. State.[13][32]

All laws against non-commercial, private consensual sex were overturned by Maryland state courts. The decision in Schochet v. State (1990) invalidated laws against private consensual sex between heterosexual adults.[33][34] The decision was criticized for leaving same-gender couples who practice oral sex or anal sex "vulnerable to prosecution".[24] In October 1998, the decision in Williams v. Glendening by Judge Richard T. Rombro invalidated laws against private consensual oral sex between persons of the same sex.[35][32] While the judge did not saw that the law violated the Maryland constitution, a subsequent settlement in Williams in 1999 invalidated laws against private consensual anal sex.[36][37][38] The settlement was praised by ACLU as the "first deal of its kind" which removed an "outmoded" law.[39] However, some scholars argued that the decision was a victory for privacy rights of Marylanders but "stopped short of completely decriminalizing...sexual intimacy" in the state, called for modifying the Annotated Code of Maryland to ensure the decision is followed, and full decriminalization of sodomy in the state.[24] In 1999, ACLU and Lambda Legal, which had launched efforts to challenge sodomy laws,[40] won a victory in a lower Maryland court, with the Maryland government consenting to the judgement.[41][42] Lambda had previously participated in the 1994 case, North v. North, in Maryland.[32]

In March 2003, Delegate Maggie McIntosh, majority leader of the Maryland House of Delegates, became the Maryland first legislator to "come out of the closet".[43][44][45] Previously, in November 1980, Robert Bauman, a Maryland U.S. representative, lost re-election to Roy Dyson, after admitting that "homosexual tendencies" and alcoholism caused him to solicit a 16-year-old male prostitute for sexual intercourse.[46][47] Previously in October 1980, he had been charged for soliciting sex from a prostitute, and had apologized to voters for his indiscretions.[48] He ran for a House seat again in 1982, but withdrew from the race before primary election day.[49] In June 2022, it was reported that various "openly gay and lesbian candidates" were running for election, or seeking re-election, in Montgomery, Prince George’s and Howard Counties of Maryland.[50]

On January 30, 2020, Maryland Senate began discussion of a bill, proposed by Sen. Susan Lee, to repeal the unenforceable and unconstitutional sodomy ban.[51] It was approved by the Senate, with amendments, on March 18. The Maryland House of Delegates accepted the amendments the same day. The codified law took effect and was implemented on October 1, 2020.[52][53] Just immediately before Easter 2023, a bill passed both houses of the Maryland General Assembly to formally repeal the archaic law banning oral sex,[54] which became law without Governor Wes Moore's signature. The law took effect October 1, 2023.[55]

July 2021 police raids

edit

In July 2021, several men under police raids within Maryland were arrested for gay sex, but not heterosexual sex, under the Unnatural or Perverted Sexual Practices Act, still on the books. Maryland's General Assembly in 2020 voted to repeal the anal sex law, but the Senate amended the bill to not repeal the oral sex ban, so it was left intact.[56][57][58] In June 2022, a bill to repeal the law died in Maryland Senate Judicial Proceedings Committee, but committee chair Senator William C. Smith Jr., and the bill's sponsor State Senator Clarence Lam, said they would take up the issue in 2023. In May 2023, the bill become law without Governor's signature to formally repeal the oral sex ban and went into effect on October 1.[59][60][61]

Recognition of same-sex relationships

edit
Main article: Same-sex marriage in Maryland

In 1973, Maryland became the first state to ban civil marriage between persons of the same sex, with the passage of legislation amending the family law statute.[62] In Deane and Polyak v. Conaway in 2006,[32] seventeen Maryland plaintiffs pushed for legal marriage rights, supported by the ACLU.[63]

Since 2008, a limited form of domestic partnership has been available to all unmarried couples at least 18 years of age, who can verify their interdependent relationship through documentation.[64] Legal protections for partners include hospital visitation, end-of-life decisions, and joint property rights.[65] Since 2009, Maryland has provided employee benefits to the same-sex partners of state employees.[66] The state has recognized valid same-sex marriages performed in other states and jurisdictions since 2010.[67]

On March 15, 2011, the Maryland House of Delegates returned a bill to legalize same-sex marriage to the Judiciary Committee, tabling it for the rest of the legislative session, but keeping it alive until January 2012, with opposition from Catholic bishops in the state.[68] In 2012, a same-sex marriage bill was introduced in the Maryland General Assembly. After much debate, the law permitting same-sex marriage, known as the Civil Marriage Protection Act,[69] was approved by the House of Delegates in a 72–67 vote on February 17, 2012,[69] and was approved by the Senate in a 25–22 vote on February 23, 2012.[70] Governor O'Malley signed the law on March 1, 2012.[71]

Same-sex marriage has been legal since January 1, 2013.[72] The law took effect after 52.4% of voters approved Maryland Question 6 in a referendum held on November 6, 2012.[72][73] The vote was hailed as a watershed moment by gay rights activists and marked the first time marriage rights in the United States were extended to same-sex couples by popular vote.[74] Roman Catholic authorities and African-American religious leaders throughout the state, especially in Prince George's County, had opposed the legislation, saying it would conflict with the best interests of society and threaten religious liberty.[75][68]

In October 2020, Montgomery County unanimously passed an ordinance that implemented an LGBTIQ+ bill of rights.[6][7]

In April 2021, the Maryland General Assembly (Senate vote 38-8 and House vote 107-28) passed a bill (HB130) to establish a 15-member commission on LGBTIQ+ affairs in Maryland, and the law took effect in October 2021.[76] The first administrative director was appointed to the commission by Governor Larry Hogan in July 2022.[77] In April 2023, legislation was passed and signed into law to reform the LGBTIQ+ Commission of Affairs and increase the membership to 21 people.[78]

In January 2023, Human Rights Campaign gave Maryland, and 20 other jurisdictions, the highest rating, of "Working Toward Innovative Equality".[79]

Adoption and parenting

edit

State law permits single LGBT adults and married same-sex couples to petition to adopt.[80] Previously, in 1994, a domestic partners registry had been rejected in Baltimore,[81] the Supreme Court of Maryland had ruled, in December 1998,[82] that trial judges cannot make distinctions between gay and straight parents when deciding child custody cases, and in April 2001,[83] a Maryland court ruled that a lesbian mother was a de facto mother of a child, despite not being the "biological mother".

Lesbian couples have access to in vitro fertilization. State law recognizes the non-genetic, non-gestational mother as a legal parent to a child born via donor insemination, but only if the parents are married.[84] In 2015, the Maryland General Assembly passed a law requiring health insurers to offer fertility treatments as a benefit, regardless of a person's sexual orientation. Governor Larry Hogan did not sign or veto the bill, and it became law without a signature.[85][86]

Surrogacy arrangements are legal and recognized in the state. Despite no explicit laws on the matter, in 2007 the Maryland Court of Appeals made a ruling approving of gestational surrogacy arrangements. Traditional surrogacy arrangements on the other hand may result in potential legal complications; in 2000 the Attorney-General issued an opinion stating that "surrogacy contracts that involve the payment of a fee to the birth mother are, in most instances, illegal and unenforceable under Maryland law." The state treats different-sex and same-sex couples equally under the same terms and conditions.[87]

LGBT education in public schools

edit

In August 2019, the Maryland Department of Education announced it would provide resources on LGBT history and other educational resources sometime by mid-2020 in all Maryland public schools.[88]

In April 2022, a bill (HB850) passed the Maryland General Assembly that will include both sexual orientation and gender identity inclusive policies within all public schools in Maryland and plus safety outcomes for LGBT students.[89]

Honorable discharges for LGBT military veterans

edit

In April 2022, the Maryland General Assembly (Senate vote 47-0 and House vote 109-1) passed a bill HB1380 to automatically return retrospectively “honorable discharges” to LGBT individuals,[90] who lived within Maryland at the time. A conference committee has to sort out the differences between bills passed with amendments, before the bill goes straight to the Governor’s desk.[91] The bill went into effect on October 1, 2022.[92]

Conversion therapy

edit
See also: List of U.S. jurisdictions banning conversion therapy

In April 2018, the General Assembly passed a bill to ban conversion therapy on minors. The legislation passed the Senate by 34 votes to 12, and the House 95 votes to 27. In May 2018, the bill was signed into law by Governor Larry Hogan, and went into effect on October 1, 2018.[4][5]

In January 2019, a constitutional challenge against the conversion therapy ban was filed in federal court.[93] In September 2019, District Judge Deborah K. Chasanow dismissed the challenge, stating that "[The conversion therapy ban] doesn't prevent licensed therapists from expressing their personal views about conversion therapy to minor clients...The law only prohibits conversion therapy when it is conducted by licensed practitioners on minors and prohibits only speech uttered in the process of conducting conversion therapy".[94]

Discrimination protections

edit
 
Participants at the Baltimore Pride parade in 2013
 
2019 Baltimore Pride parade
Further information: LGBT employment discrimination in the United States

In August 2023, the Maryland Supreme Court made a formal ruling allowing discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation - within a Catholic organisation, building or setting as a charity. Since 2001, discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is illegal by legislation within Maryland.[95] In May 1977, a House Bill 921 passed the Maryland House of Delegates which forbid "discrimination against homosexuals in employment".[96] However, it was not until 2001 that state law began protecting against unfair discrimination based on sexual orientation and not until 2014 on gender identity.[97]

On May 15, 2001, Governor Parris Glendening signed into law the Antidiscrimination Act of 2001 passed by the Maryland General Assembly, which added protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation.[98] Opponents of the law collected enough petition signatures to put it to a referendum in the 2002 elections,[99] but the petition was successfully challenged in court, and the Act took effect on November 21, 2001.[100][98][101] Prior to Glendenning's signature and passage of the law by the General Assembly, the group Free State Justice did a "textbook campaign" to convince legislators, even convincing the Catholic Church to boost the bill.[102]

Before the state anti-discrimination statute included gender identity, five jurisdictions—Baltimore City, Baltimore County, Howard County, Hyattsville,[103] and Montgomery County—protected against discrimination based on gender identity.[104] Nineteen of the 20 remaining counties without protections lacked the authority to establish them.[105] Legislation to amend the state anti-discrimination law to include gender identity, the Fairness for All Marylanders Act of 2013, was introduced in January 2013.[106] Although the bill had 23 senators as cosponsors, on March 14, 2013, a Senate committee rejected it on a 6–5 vote.[105] Similar bills had been rejected in previous years.[107] The bill was introduced again in 2014, approved 8-3 by the Senate Judicial Proceedings Committee on February 20 and passed 32-15 by the Senate on March 4.[108][109] The House of Delegates passed the bill on an 82–57 vote on March 27, 2014.[110] On May 15, 2014, Governor Martin O'Malley signed the bill, the Fairness for All Marylanders Act of 2014, which took effect on October 1, 2014.[1]

Legislation in Maryland is subject to popular referendum, and conservative activists mounted an effort to put the law's expanded protections to a statewide referendum by collecting the 55,736 signatures of registered voters needed to place the measure on the ballot.[111] They needed to submit 18,579 signatures to the Secretary of State by May 31 and the remaining 37,157 by June 30.[112] The petitioners failed to submit the required number of signatures by those deadlines,[113] and the law took effect as scheduled on October 1, 2014.[114]

Hate crime law and gay panic defense abolition

edit

The state's hate crime law provides additional legal penalties for a crime motivated by the victim's perceived or actual sexual orientation or gender identity.[115]

In April 2021, the Maryland General Assembly (House vote 136-0 and Senate vote 47-0) passed a bill (HB231) to abolish the common-law gay or trans panic defense.[116] Governor Larry Hogan took no action on the bill (HB231) and the law went into effect on October 1, 2021.[117]

Transgender people and rights

edit

In June 2023, the Governor of Maryland signed an executive order that "protects, shields and defends" all and/or any transgender individuals - who want unimpeded access to gender-affirming healthcare within Maryland's borders. [118] Since January 1, 2024 Maryland also later implemented a broad based state healthcare insurance law that went into effect - regarded as the "most transgender healthcare friendly policies within the United States".[119]

In 2015, the Maryland General Assembly passed a law to make it easier for transgender people to change the gender marker on their birth certificates without undergoing sex reassignment surgery or sterilization. Governor Larry Hogan took no action on the bill, and it became law without a signature on October 1, 2015.[85][86] The Department of Health and Mental Hygiene will issue an updated birth certificate upon receipt of certification from a licensed healthcare provider confirming the applicant's gender identity.

In 2019, the General Assembly passed a law allowing for an "X" gender marker on identity documents issued by the Motor Vehicle Administration. The bill also removed the requirement that people changing their gender marker provide legal or medical documentation.[120] Governor Hogan took no action on the bill, so it went into effect on October 1, 2019.[121][122][123] The Maryland State Board of Elections also began accepting "X" gender markers on voter registration forms on October 1, 2019.[124] As of 2023, gender X is still not available on Maryland birth certificates.

In May 2022, it was announced that the University of Maryland will make gender X option available on forms and documents alongside male and female options for student enrollment in 2026.[125] Until then, non-binary students have to either choose "male or female gender markers."

edit

In April 2021, two bills passed the Maryland General Assembly. The first bill (HB39) that passed repeals an archaic 1971 Maryland law that required individuals to publish their names within a newspaper, argued to be a breach of privacy, before they even can legally change their name on a birth certificate. The second bill corrects a 2002 Maryland hate crime law that now explicitly includes “gender identity” as a completely separate category (instead of being included under the sexual orientation definition). The Governor of Maryland Larry Hogan took no action on the two bills, so they went into effect on October 1, 2021.[126]

Bathroom ordinances

edit

In March 2018, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland ruled that federal and state law protected rights of transgender students to "use the restroom and locker rooms in alignment with their gender identity", in a case striking down policy of Talbot County Public Schools.[127]

In July 2022, the county council of Montgomery County approved by a 9-0 vote an ordinance to legally allow, recognize, and implement gender-neutral bathrooms. The city of Baltimore has a similar gender-neutral bathroom ordinance.[128][129]

Gender identity and sports

edit

In February 1994, field hockey player Vicki Yost, who attended University of Maryland from 1988 to 1992, sued the school's coach, Margaret Meharg, and athletic director, Suzanne Taylor, for reportedly forcing her to hide her lesbian identity, and asked for $1.5 million in damages, with charges denied by coach Meharg.[130]

In February 2022, a report by the Montgomery County Office of Legislative Oversight noted that gender non-conforming and transgender individuals can participate in athletics in Maryland accordance with their gender identity "without requiring proof, documentation, or medical or legal transition", and that participation by such individuals is not tracked by the county.[131]

In March 2022, the Maryland House of Delegates Ways and Means Committee voted down a law, proposed by Delegate Kathy Szeliga, which would have restricted interscholastic or intramural sports teams based on "biological sex".[132] The Harvard Law School LGBTQ+ Advocacy Clinic and FreeState Justice said that the law's defeat was a victory for "the rights of transgender athletes".[133] A policy coordinator at FreeState Justice, Jamie Grace Alexander, argued that the law "specifically targets transgender girls".[134] The law was re-introduced in January 2023 by Szeliga and co-sponsored by 32 delegates, but failed to advance out of committee.[135]

Medicaid reform expansion and services

edit

In March 2023, a bill passed both houses of the Maryland General Assembly to explicitly include sexual reassignment surgery on Medicaid "state based healthcare coverage" programs, reforms, expansion and/or services within Maryland - "for eligible Maryland based individual residents over 18 years old". The Governor of Maryland signed the bill into law a month later in April formally, and will go into legal effect from January 1, 2024.[136][137][138]

Public opinion

edit

A 2017 Public Religion Research Institute poll found that 66% of Maryland residents supported same-sex marriage, while 25% were opposed and 9% were unsure.[139] A March 2022 Public Religion Research Institute stated that 87% of Marylanders support LGBTQ anti-discrimination laws,[3] with The Hill saying that this percentage had increased by "11 percentage points or more" since 2015.[140]

A 2022 Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) poll found that 71% of Maryland residents supported same-sex marriage, while 26% were opposed and 2% were unsure. Additionally, 76% of Maryland residents supported discrimination protections covering sexual orientation and gender identity. 12% were opposed. [141]

Public opinion for LGBTQ anti-discrimination laws in Maryland
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Margin of
error 		% support % opposition % no opinion
Public Religion Research Institute January 2-December 30, 2019 967 +/- 0.4 74% 19% 7%
Public Religion Research Institute January 3-December 30, 2018 949 +/- 0.4 70% 23% 7%
Public Religion Research Institute April 5-December 23, 2017 1,220 +/- 0.6 77% 17% 6%
Public Religion Research Institute April 29, 2015-January 7, 2016 1,349 +/- 0.4 73% 22% 5%

Summary table

edit
Same-sex sexual activity legal   (Since 1999, repeal codified in 2023)
Equal age of consent (16)  
Anti-discrimination laws for both sexual orientation and gender identity in all areas   (Since 2001 for sexual orientation and since 2014 for gender identity)
LGBTQ bill of rights  /  (Since 2020 in Montgomery County only)[142]
Same-sex marriages   (Since 2013, via a state referendum)
Recognition of same-sex couples (e.g. domestic partnership)   (Since 2008)
Both joint and stepchild adoption by same-sex couples  
Gender-neutral bathroom policy implemented  /  (Some cities and counties, not statewide - Baltimore and Montgomery County only)
Lesbian, gay and bisexual people allowed to serve openly in the US military - including the Maryland National Guard   (Since 2011 - federal policy)
Transgender people allowed to serve openly in the US military - including the Maryland National Guard  /  (Most transgender personnel allowed to serve openly since 2021)[143][144]
Medicaid insurance covering sexual reassignment surgery for individuals over 18 years old   (Since 2024)[136]
Intersex people allowed to serve openly in the military  [145][146]
Right to change legal gender without surgery   (Since 2015)
"Gay or trans panic defense" under common-law abolished or repealed   (Since 2021)[117]
Access to IVF for lesbian couples and parantage on birth certificates  
Third gender option  /  (Since 2019 for driver's licenses, currently not available for birth certificates)
Conversion therapy banned on minors   (Since 2018)
Surrogacy arrangements legal for gay male couples and parentage on birth certificates  
MSMs allowed to donate blood with conditions (i.e. such as being monogamous)  [147]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ a b "Md. Gov. Signs Trans Nondiscrimination Bill Into Law". The Advocate. May 15, 2014. Archived from the original on May 28, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  2. ^ Theil, Michele (February 2, 2024). "Groundbreaking map shows which US states are the least safe for LGBTQ+ people". PinkNews. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  3. ^ a b Americans' Support for Key LGBTQ Rights Continues to Tick Upward (Report). Public Religion Research Institute. March 17, 2022. Archived from the original on September 1, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  4. ^ a b Crittenton, Anya (May 15, 2018). "Maryland officially bans conversion therapy for LGBTI minors". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on August 18, 2022.
  5. ^ a b Rodriguez, Aaron (April 4, 2018). "Maryland State Legislature Sends Bill to Protect LGBTQ Youth from "Conversion Therapy" to Gov. Hogan" (Press release). Washington, D.C.: Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on December 8, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  6. ^ a b "Montgomery County Council unanimously passes LGBTQ Bill of Rights". Washington Blade. October 8, 2020. Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  7. ^ a b "Council Enacts LGBTQ Bill of Rights". Montgomery Community Media. October 7, 2020. Archived from the original on November 27, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  8. ^ An Act ordeinging punishment for certain lesse Capitall Offences (act). Vol. 1. Maryland State Archives. July 31, 1642. p. 158. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  9. ^ An Act for the punishmt of certaine lesse capitall offences (act). Vol. 1. Maryland State Archives. August 31, 1642. p. 192. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  10. ^ An Act For felonies (act). Vol. 1. Maryland State Archives. February 28, 1638. p. 71. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  11. ^ Brief Amicus Curiae of the Center for the Original Intent of the Constitution in Support of Respondent at A-15, 11-12, Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003) (No. 02-102).
  12. ^ An ACT for the more effectual punishment of criminals (act). Vol. 204. Maryland State Archives. December 25, 1789. pp. 427–428. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2023. See pages 428 here
  13. ^ a b c d e f Painter, George (August 10, 2004). "The Sensibilities of Our Forefathers: The History of Sodomy Laws in the United States--Maryland". Gay & Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest. Archived from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  14. ^ An ACT concerning Crimes and Punishments (act). Vol. 570. Maryland State Archives. January 6, 1810. p. 91. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  15. ^ Davis v. State, 3 H. & J. Md. 154 (Court of Appeals of Maryland December 1810).
  16. ^ Latrobe, John H.B. (1847). The Justices' Practice Under the Laws of Maryland: Including the Duties of a Constable. With an Appendix, Containing a Collection of Forms Used in Conveyancing: a Synopsis of the Law of Evidence - of Promissory Notes - of the Statute of Limitations, with an Explanation of Law Terms. Baltimore: Fielding Lucas Jr. pp. 316, 318.
  17. ^ AN ACT to empower the State's attorney for Baltimore County, upon order of the Circuit Court for Baltimore County, to file a criminal information and to regulate the proceedings thereunder (act). Vol. 77. Maryland State Archives. April 18, 1892. pp. 125–127. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2023. See pages 126 and 127 here and here
  18. ^ LeFurgy, Bill, ed. (2021). Prostitution and Illicit Sex in Baltimore: Commercialized Vice, Report of the Maryland Vice Commission, 1916. Baltimore: High Kicker Books. pp. 6, 279, 418, 424, 428–429, 431. ISBN 978-1734567854.
  19. ^ a b AN ACT to add a new section to Article 27 of the Code of Public General Laws of Maryland of 1910, as legalized by Chapter 16 of the Acts of the General Assembly of Maryland of 1914, title "Crimes and Punishments, "sub-title "Sodomy," said new section so added to said Article 27 to come in immediately after Section 439 of said Article 27, and to be known as Section 439-A of said Article 27, making it a crime for any person to take into his or her mouth the sexual organ of any other person or animal, or to place his or her sexual organ in the mouth of any other person or animal, or to commit any other unnatural or perverted sexual practice with any other person or animal, prescribing the form of indictment which shall be sufficient in. describing said crimes and providing the penalty therefor (act). Vol. 534. Maryland State Archives. April 18, 1916. pp. 1293–1294. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2023. See page 1294 here
  20. ^ "October". The Advocate. Los Angeles: Pride Media. January 19, 1999. p. 16. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  21. ^ "The States of Sodomy: What You Can Do and Where". The Advocate. Los Angeles: Pride Media. October 27, 1998. p. 45. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  22. ^ "Maryland Ditches Its Sodomy Law". The Advocate. Los Angeles: Pride Media. November 24, 1998. p. 16. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  23. ^ DiBartolomeo v. State, 61 Md. 305 (Court of Appeals of Maryland January 10, 1985).
  24. ^ a b c Sullivan, Dwight H.; Adams, Michael; Schreiber II, Martin H. (1999). "The Legalization of Same-Gender Sexual Intimacy in Maryland". University of Baltimore Law Forum. 29 (2): 15–23. Archived from the original on January 13, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  25. ^ a b c d Fisher, Robert G. (Spring 1970). "The Sex Offender Provisions of the Proposed New Maryland Criminal Code: Should Private, Consenting Adult Behavior Be Excluded?" (PDF). Maryland Law Review. 30 (2): 91–113. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 16, 2019. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  26. ^ AN ACT to repeal and re-enact with amendments Section 19 of Article 27 of the Code of Public General Laws of Maryland, of. 1914 (Bagby's Annotated Code, Volume 3), title, "Crimes and Punishments," and to add three new sections to said Article to come in after Section 19 as re-enacted and to be known as Section 19-A and 19-B, said Sections relating to Prostitution, Lewdness and Assignation and declaring the same to be unlawful and providing penalties for the commission of said offenses and repealing all laws inconsistent therewith (act). Vol. 539. Maryland State Archives. April 16, 1920. p. 1438. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  27. ^ a b "Recent Decisions". Maryland Law Review. 20 (2): 181. 1960. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  28. ^ AN ACT to repeal and re-enact, with amendments, Section 400 of Article 27 of the Annotated Code of Public General Laws of Maryland (1924 Edition), title "Crimes and Punishments," sub-title "Murder." (act). Vol. 580. Maryland State Archives. April 17, 1931. p. 1048-1049. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  29. ^ Lutz v. State, 167 Md. 12 (Court of Appeals of Maryland April 26, 1934).
  30. ^ AN ACT to add a new section to the Code of Public Local Laws of Prince George's County (1943 Edition), being Article 17 of the Code of Public Local Laws of Maryland, title "Prince George's County", said new section to be known as Section 1287A, to be under the sub-title "State's Attorney", and to follow immediately after Section 1287 of said Article, relating to prosecution on information filed by the State's Attorney for Prince George's County (act). Vol. 603. Maryland State Archives. March 28, 1951. p. 644. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  31. ^ Haley v. State, 200 Md. 72, 75 (Court of Appeals of Maryland May 7, 1952).
  32. ^ a b c d Andersen, Ellen Ann (2006). "Table of Cases" (PDF). Out of the Closets and into the Courts: Legal Opportunity Structure and Gay Rights Litigation. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. pp. 284–7. ISBN 978-0-472-03171-9.
  33. ^ Boyer, Mark N. (1991). "Recent Developments: Schochet v. State: Maryland's Unnatural or Perverted Sexual Practices Statute Does Not Apply to Consensual, Noncommercial, Heterosexual Activity between Adults in Private". University of Baltimore Law Forum. 21 (2): 30–31. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  34. ^ Schochet v. State, 580 Md. 176 (Court of Appeals of Maryland October 9, 1990).
  35. ^ Kelly, Jacques (November 25, 2020). "Richard Rombro, retired Baltimore City judge and advocate for progressive causes, dies". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  36. ^ "Chapter 5: The Legacy of Discriminatory State Laws, Policies, and Practices, 1945-Present" (PDF). Williams Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  37. ^ Johnson, Hans (January 19, 1999). "Small Favors". The Advocate. Los Angeles: Pride Media. p. 43. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  38. ^ Quittner, Jeremy (August 20, 2002). "Are Your Breaking the Law?". The Advocate. Los Angeles: Pride Media. p. 53. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  39. ^ "In Historic Settlement with ACLU, Maryland Clears Last of its Sodomy Laws From the Books" (Press release). New York City: ACLU. January 19, 1999. Archived from the original on July 22, 2021. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  40. ^ Friess, Steve (October 27, 1998). "Where Did Everyone Go?". The Advocate. Los Angeles: Pride Media. p. 48. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  41. ^ "History of Sodomy Laws and the Strategy that Led Up to Today's Decision". ACLU. Archived from the original on December 4, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  42. ^ "Getting Rid of Sodomy Laws: History and Strategy that Led to the Lawrence Decision". ACLU. Archived from the original on March 28, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  43. ^ "News of the Year:March". The Advocate. Los Angeles: Pride Media. January 21, 2003. p. 10. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  44. ^ "Maggie McIntosh: State House of Delegates, Dist. 43 (MD), Annapolis, Maryland - The Gay & Lesbian Victory Institute". Glli.org. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved December 5, 2013.
  45. ^ Profile, jhunewsletter.com; accessed December 4, 2015.
  46. ^ "Gay sex and political scandals". The Advocate. Los Angeles: Pride Media. April 11, 2006. p. 59. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  47. ^ Russakoff, Dale; Saperstein, Saundra (November 5, 1980). "Bauman Concedes Defeat in Maryland's First Congressional District". The Washington Post. p. A21. Archived from the original on August 27, 2017.
  48. ^ Bauman, Robert E. (September 19, 1983). "A Former Congressman, Once a Staunch Foe of Gay Rights, Confronts His Own Homosexuality". People. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022.
  49. ^ United States Congress. "LGBTQ rights in Maryland (id: B000244)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  50. ^ White, Caris; Alburtus, Josh (June 30, 2022). "Gay, lesbian incumbents, candidates on Md. county ballots". Washington Blade. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  51. ^ "Maryland Lawmakers Look To Repeal State's 'Archaic' Sex Laws". CBS News. Capital News Service. January 23, 2020. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  52. ^ "Md. Sodomy law officially repealed". Washington Blade. October 2020. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  53. ^ Kurtz, Josh (May 8, 2020). "Here Are Two Dozen Bills Becoming Law Without Hogan's Signature". Maryland Matters. Archived from the original on December 9, 2022.
  54. ^ Gabel (April 4, 2023). "MD General Assembly approves decriminalizing oral sex". Southern Maryland Chronicle. Capital News Service. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023. Retrieved April 7, 2023.
  55. ^ "Bill to repeal Md. sodomy law to take effect without governor's signature". The Washington Blade. May 19, 2023. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
  56. ^ Bollinger, Alex (July 21, 2021). "Four men arrested for breaking sodomy law in Maryland police raid". LGBTQ Nation. Archived from the original on November 26, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  57. ^ "Gay men arrested under Md. Sodomy law in adult bookstore raid". Washington Blade. July 21, 2021. Archived from the original on December 10, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  58. ^ "Maryland Cops Arrest Gay Men for 'Perverted Sexual Practice'". The Advocate. July 21, 2021. Archived from the original on November 28, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  59. ^ "Bill to repeal Maryland sodomy law dies in committee". Washington Blade. June 6, 2022. Archived from the original on December 6, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  60. ^ Sprayregen, Molly (May 23, 2023). "Minnesota & Maryland repeal antiquated sodomy laws". LGBTQ Nation.
  61. ^ "Maryland Gov. Wes Moore vetoes 3 bills, lets repeal of sexual acts statute and others go into effect without his signature". Baltimore Sun. May 19, 2023.
  62. ^ Peterson, Kavan (November 3, 2004). "50-state rundown on gay marriage laws". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on July 3, 2008. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  63. ^ "Deane & Polyak v. Conaway - About the Plaintiffs". ACLU. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  64. ^ "Domestic Partnerships in Maryland" (PDF). Maryland Department of Health. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 20, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  65. ^ "Legislation: Recordation and Transfer Taxes – Exemptions – Domestic Partners". Equality Maryland. November 23, 2008. Archived from the original on November 23, 2008. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
  66. ^ "States offering benefits for same-sex partners of state employees". National Conference of State Legislatures. 2010. Archived from the original on May 2, 2010. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  67. ^ Doug Gansler (February 23, 2010). "Marriage – Whether Out-of-state Same-sex Marriage that is Valid in the State of Celebration May be recognized In Maryland" (PDF). Attorney General of Maryland. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 20, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  68. ^ a b Filteau, Jerry (March 15, 2011). "Maryland legislators table gay marriage bill until 2012". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  69. ^ a b "More Momentum in Maryland: Senate Passes Civil Marriage Equality Bill" (Press release). Washington, D.C.: Human Rights Campaign. February 23, 2012. Archived from the original on November 28, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  70. ^ Yiu, Derek (February 24, 2012). "Maryland Senate cheers same-sex marriage equality". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on October 24, 2021. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
  71. ^ Weinger, Mackenzie (March 1, 2012). "O'Malley signs gay marriage bill". Politico. Archived from the original on August 11, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  72. ^ a b Rizzo, Jennifer. "Maryland upholds same-sex marriage law". CNN. Archived from the original on December 5, 2022. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  73. ^ "Question 6: Referendum by Petition". Maryland State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on August 11, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  74. ^ Honan, Edith (November 7, 2012). "Maryland, Maine, Washington approve gay marriage". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  75. ^ Broadwater, Luke (November 9, 2011). "Md. bishops call on Catholics to oppose same-sex marriage". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on June 23, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2013.
  76. ^ Benbow, Reginald (August 10, 2021). "Priorities for Maryland's Commission on LGBT Affairs". Baltimore Out Loud. Archived from the original on December 6, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  77. ^ "Governor's Office of Community Initiatives Announces LGBTQ Affairs Commission Administrative Director Appointment" (Press release). Annapolis, Maryland: Governor of Maryland. July 26, 2022. Archived from the original on December 10, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  78. ^ "Maryland SB251 | 2023 | Regular Session".
  79. ^ Rodriguez, Aaron (January 26, 2023). "Human Rights Campaign Foundation State Equality Index: 91% of Anti-LGBTQ+ Bills in 2022 Failed to Become Law" (Press release). Washington, D.C.: Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on February 1, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  80. ^ "Maryland Adoption Law". Human Rights Campaign. December 9, 2009. Archived from the original on April 9, 2013. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  81. ^ "Around the Nation". The Advocate. Los Angeles: Pride Media. June 28, 1994. p. 16. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  82. ^ "A Year of Triumph and Pain". The Advocate. Los Angeles: Pride Media. June 22, 1999. p. 54. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  83. ^ "April". The Advocate. Los Angeles: Pride Media. January 16, 2001. p. 14. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  84. ^ "Maryland's Equality Profile". Movement Advancement Project. Archived from the original on November 10, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  85. ^ a b "New LGBT protections to take effect without Gov. Hogan's signature". Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 8, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  86. ^ a b "Victory: Maryland General Assembly Approves Birth Certificates Consistent with Gender Identity and Infertility Benefits Parity". FreeState Justice. March 24, 2015. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  87. ^ "What You Need to Known About Surrogacy in Maryland". American Surrogacy. Archived from the original on November 26, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  88. ^ Assunção, Muri (August 15, 2019). "Maryland to require schools to teach LGBTQ history". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  89. ^ "Md. General Assembly passes inclusive schools bill". Washington Blade. April 14, 2022. Archived from the original on January 27, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  90. ^ "Maryland Military and Veterans Benefits". MyArmyBenefits. U.S. Army. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  91. ^ "HB 1380: Maryland House Bill". FastDemocracy. May 14, 2022. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  92. ^ "New Maryland laws begin Oct. 1 include child, driver safety". WBAL-TV. October 1, 2022. Archived from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  93. ^ Marbella, Jean (January 18, 2019). "Federal lawsuit seeks to overturn Maryland's ban on conversion therapy". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on April 18, 2019. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  94. ^ Villarreal, Daniel (September 24, 2019). "Federal judge rejects hate group's attempt to overturn 'ex-gay' therapy ban in Maryland". LGBTQ Nation. Archived from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  95. ^ "Maryland Supreme Court says it's OK for Catholic charity to discriminate against gay employee". August 17, 2023.
  96. ^ Jon Steinberg (January 1978). Homosexuality: An Introduction to the Debate (PDF) (Report). Minnesota House of Representatives. pp. 10, 40. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 6, 2022. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  97. ^ "Maryland Non-Discrimination Law". Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on April 9, 2013. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  98. ^ a b Rodriguez, Aaron (November 21, 2001). "Maryland's Antidiscrimination Act Goes into Effect After ACLU Defeats Attempts to Derail Landmark Law" (Press release). New York City: ACLU. Archived from the original on May 8, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  99. ^ "News of the Year Time Line". The Advocate. Los Angeles: Pride Media. January 22, 2002. p. 14. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  100. ^ Nitkin, David (July 20, 2001). "Gay rights law set for referendum". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on July 1, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  101. ^ "Special Commission to Study Sexual Orientation Discrimination in Maryland". Maryland Manual On-Line. Maryland State Archives. Archived from the original on July 3, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  102. ^ Bull, Chris (June 19, 2001). "Going Local". The Advocate. Los Angeles: Pride Media. pp. 33–34. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  103. ^ "Hyattsville, Md., Passes Human Rights Act: City Council votes unanimously for LGBT-inclusive bill prohibiting discrimination". Metro Weekly. December 3, 2013. Archived from the original on February 12, 2014. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  104. ^ "Baltimore County Council Passes Gender Identity Protection Ordinance" (Press release). Gender Rights Maryland. February 21, 2012. Archived from the original on July 24, 2012. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  105. ^ a b Riley, John (March 14, 2013). "Maryland Gender-Identity Bill fails to pass Senate Judicial Proceedings Committee". Metro Weekly. Archived from the original on May 24, 2013. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  106. ^ Lavers, Michael K. (January 29, 2013). "Maryland lawmakers introduce transgender rights bill". Washington Blade. Archived from the original on December 5, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  107. ^ Chibbaro Jr., Lou (March 21, 2012). "Maryland trans bill set to die in committee". Washington Blade. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  108. ^ Lavers, Michael K. (February 20, 2014). "Maryland Senate committee approves transgender rights bill". Washington Blade]. Archived from the original on October 21, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  109. ^ Kunkle, Frederick (March 4, 2014). "Maryland Senate passes bill banning discrimination against transgender people". Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 12, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  110. ^ "Maryland transgender rights bill receives final approval". Washington Blade. March 27, 2014.
  111. ^ "Md. Group Launches Referendum Effort For Gender Identity Discrimination Bill". CBS News. April 29, 2014. Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  112. ^ Riley, John (May 14, 2014). "Squabble over Signature Gatherers". Metro Weekly. Archived from the original on December 3, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  113. ^ Charing, Steve (September 23, 2014). "Md. trans law takes effect Oct. 1". Washington Blade. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  114. ^ "Top Things To Know About New Laws In Maryland". CBS Baltimore. September 28, 2014. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  115. ^ "Hate Crimes". Equality Maryland. Archived from the original on July 2, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  116. ^ Haug, Oliver (April 14, 2021). "Maryland Becomes 15th State to Ban Anti-LGBTQ+ "Panic" Defense". Them. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  117. ^ a b "Md. To ban LGBTQ panic defense". Washington Blade. June 1, 2021. Archived from the original on January 24, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  118. ^ Sprayregen, Molly (June 7, 2023). "Maryland governor signs executive order protecting gender-affirming care". LGBTQ Nation.
  119. ^ "Maryland to cover unprecedented number of gender-affirming procedures in "groundbreaking" win". January 11, 2024.
  120. ^ "ID Documents-Maryland". National Center for Transgender Equality. November 2021. Archived from the original on January 6, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  121. ^ Schere, Dan (May 24, 2019). "Governor Vetoes Montgomery Delegate's Tuition Bill for 'Dreamers'". Bethesda Magazine. Archived from the original on July 7, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  122. ^ "Governor Hogan Announces Legislative Actions". Governor of Maryland. Archived from the original on October 22, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  123. ^ "Bill Allowing Unspecified Gender on Licenses Passes Maryland Senate". WRC-TV. February 22, 2019. Archived from the original on February 23, 2019. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  124. ^ Wood, Pamela (July 5, 2019). "Maryland voter registration to allow for 'X' gender identity". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on February 8, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  125. ^ "UMD plans to include "X" as nonbinary gender mark option in IT system". The Diamondback. May 10, 2022. Archived from the original on October 6, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  126. ^ Van Slooten, Philip (April 14, 2021). "Md. General Assembly adjourns after passing panic defense, name change bills". Washington Blade. Archived from the original on August 19, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  127. ^ Kent, Jennifer L. (March 14, 2018). "Victory For Maryland Transgender Students" (Press release). New York City: ACLU. Archived from the original on April 25, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  128. ^ "Montgomery County Council approves bill for gender-inclusive, single-use restrooms". Washington Blade. August 3, 2022. Archived from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  129. ^ Lucas, Tramon (June 14, 2019). "Young to sign gender-inclusive, single occupancy restroom bill into law at Baltimore Pride". WBAL-TV. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  130. ^ "Maryland blue chip sues". The Advocate. Los Angeles: Pride Media. March 22, 1994. p. 14. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  131. ^ Natalia Carrizosa (February 8, 2022). Gender Equity in Local Sports Programs (PDF) (Report). Montgomery County, Maryland. pp. ii, iii, 4, 8, 10–12. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  132. ^ Migdon, Brooke (March 2, 2022). "Maryland House committee defeats transgender sports ban". The Hill. Archived from the original on April 28, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  133. ^ "Maryland Legislature Rejects Recent Attack on Transgender Students' Equal Treatment Under the Law" (Press release). Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts: Harvard Law School LGBTQ+ Advocacy Clinic. March 14, 2022. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  134. ^ Chingarande, Tinashe (March 1, 2022). "Md. House committee kills bill to ban transgender kids from sports teams". Washington Blade. Archived from the original on May 11, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  135. ^ "Education – Interscholastic and Intramural Junior Varsity and Varsity Teams and Sports – Designation Based on Sex (Save Women's Sports Act)". Maryland General Assembly. January 2023. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  136. ^ a b "Human Rights Campaign Applauds Maryland Governor Wes Moore for Signing Trans Health Equity Act into Law, Legislation Requiring Equitable Access to Gender Affirming Care". Human Rights Campaign. April 10, 2023.
  137. ^ Russell, John (March 23, 2023). "Maryland passes bill requiring state Medicaid plans to cover gender-affirming care". LGBTQ Nation.
  138. ^ Bollinger, Alex (May 5, 2023). "Maryland passes bill protecting gender-affirming care access for trans people on Medicaid". LGBTQ Nation.
  139. ^ "PRRI – American Values Atlas". Public Religion Research Institute. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023.
  140. ^ "Support for LGBTQ+ rights on the rise: poll". The Hill. March 22, 2022. Archived from the original on November 11, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  141. ^ "PRRI – American Values Atlas". Public Religion Research Institute.
  142. ^ "Maryland's Council Unanimously Passes LGBT Bill of Rights". South Florida Gay News. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  143. ^ "Biden reverses Trump ban on transgender people in military". Associated Press. April 20, 2021. Archived from the original on January 3, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  144. ^ "5 Things to Know About DOD's New Policy on Military Service by Transgender Persons and Persons With Gender Dysphoria" (Press release). Pentagon: U.S. Department of Defense. March 13, 2019. Archived from the original on December 28, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  145. ^ Cohen, Rachel S. (May 13, 2021). "Leading Advocacy Group for Gay Rights in the US Military Shutting Down". Air Force Times. Archived from the original on August 30, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  146. ^ Kime, Patricia (September 26, 2022). "Leading Advocacy Group for Gay Rights in the US Military Shutting Down". Military.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  147. ^ "Under new FDA rules, a gay blood center employee donated for the first time". NBC News. December 22, 2023.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Maryland&oldid=1250216931#History_and_legality_of_same-sex_sexual_activity"