La Grande Soufrière (French pronunciation: [la ɡʁɑ̃d sufʁijɛʁ]; English: "big sulfur outlet"), or simply Soufrière (Antillean Creole: Soufwiyè), is an active stratovolcano on the French island of Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe. It is the highest mountain peak in the Lesser Antilles, rising 1,467 m (4,813 ft) high.[1]
| La Grande Soufrière | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,467 m (4,813 ft) |
| Prominence | 1,467 m (4,813 ft) |
| Listing | |
| Coordinates | 16°02′40.56″N 61°39′51.12″W / 16.0446000°N 61.6642000°W |
| Geography | |
  La Grande Soufrière | |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Stratovolcano |
| Volcanic arc/belt | Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc |
| Last eruption | 1977 |
The last magmatic eruption was in 1530±30 during which the current lava dome was emplaced.[2]
More recent eruptions have been phreatic in type.[3] On February 8, 1843, an eruption of La Grande Soufrière caused by an earthquake killed over 5,000 people.[4]
Significant seismic activity in 1976 led to a mass evacuation of the island's 72,000 residents.[1] There was a bitter, and well-publicized, controversy between scientists Claude Allègre and Haroun Tazieff on whether evacuation should occur. Allègre held that inhabitants should be evacuated, just in case, while Tazieff held that the Soufrière was harmless. The prefect decided to evacuate, erring on the side of caution. The volcano erupted on August 30, 1976, but much less severely than predicted by the Allègre side.[1] There were no fatalities and no significant damage, except for the large cost of the evacuation.[1]
While the island was deserted, the German filmmaker Werner Herzog traveled to the abandoned town of Basse-Terre to find a peasant who had refused to leave his home on the slopes of the volcano. His journey is recorded in the film La Soufrière.
Gallery
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See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). Natural Wonders of the World. United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 353. ISBN 978-0-89577-087-5.
- ^ Boudon G.; Komorowski J-C.; Villemant, B.; Semet, M. P (2008). "A new scenario for the last magmatic eruption of La Soufrière of Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles) in 1530 AD: evidence from stratigraphy, radiocarbon dating and magmatic evolution of erupted products". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 178 (3): 474–490. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.03.006.
- ^ Feuillard M.; Allege C.J.; Brandeis G.; Gaulon R.; Le Mouel J.L.; Mercier J.C.; Pozzi J.P.; Semet M.P. (1983). "The 1975–1977 crisis of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe (F.W.I.): a still-born magmatic eruption". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 16 (3–4): 317–334. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(83)90036-7.
- ^ Kozák, Jan; Cermák, Vladimir (2010). "Guadeloupe Earthquake, Antilles, 1843". The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters. p. 163. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3325-3_38. ISBN 978-90-481-3324-6.
- "Soufrière Guadeloupe". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- OVSG : Observatoire volcanologique et sismologique de Guadeloupe Archived 2007-10-24 at the Wayback Machine
- Parc National de la Guadeloupe, manager of the top of the Soufrière Archived 2011-02-03 at the Wayback Machine
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