Labidosaurus (from Greek: λᾰβῐ́δος lăbĭdos, 'forceps' and Greek: σαῦρος saûros, 'lizard') is an extinct genus of captorhinid tetrapods from the Permian period of North America. Fossils have been discovered in Texas.
| Labidosaurus Temporal range: Early Permian
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| Fossil | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Family: | †Captorhinidae |
| Genus: | †Labidosaurus Cope, 1896 |
| Species: | †L. hamatus
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| Binomial name | |
| †Labidosaurus hamatus (Cope, 1895)
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It was heavily built, resembling a lizard with a large head, and measuring about 75 centimetres (30 in) long. Like most captorhinids,[1] it was probably quadrupedal.[2] Unlike many other captorhinids it had a single row of sharp, conical teeth in its jaws, and its dietary habits are assumed to have been omnivorous.[3]
A lower jaw of Labidosaurus was described in 2011 that shows evidence of osteomyelitis, or an infection of the bone. It is the earliest known example of an infection in a land vertebrate. The infection probably developed because the pulp cavity of a broken dentary tooth was exposed to bacteria. Although another tooth would have replaced the broken one, regeneration would have been slow. Labidosaurus and other derived captorhinids had teeth that were deeply implanted in the jaws. This deep implantation limited tooth replacement, meaning that a broken tooth would have been exposed for a long period of time.[4]
References
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- ^ Heaton, M. J.; Reisz, R. R. (1980). "A Skeletal Reconstruction of the Early Permian Captorhinid Reptile Eocaptorhinus laticeps (Williston)". Journal of Paleontology. 54 (1): 136–143. ISSN 0022-3360.
- ^ Gônet, Jordan; Bardin, Jérémie; Girondot, Marc; Hutchinson, John R.; Laurin, Michel (May 2023). "Locomotor and postural diversity among reptiles viewed through the prism of femoral microanatomy: Palaeobiological implications for some Permian and Mesozoic taxa". Journal of Anatomy. 242 (5): 891–916. doi:10.1111/joa.13833. ISSN 0021-8782.
- ^ Modesto, Sean P.; Scott, Diane M.; Berman, David S.; Müller, Johannes; Reisz, Robert R. (2007). "The skull and the paleoecological significance of Labidosaurus hamatus, a captorhinid reptile from the Lower Permian of Texas". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 149 (2): 237–62. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00242.x.
- ^ Reisz, Robert R.; Scott, Diane M.; Pynn, Bruce R.; Modesto, Sean P. (2011). "Osteomyelitis in a Paleozoic reptile: ancient evidence for bacterial infection and its evolutionary significance". Naturwissenschaften. 98 (6): 551–5. Bibcode:2011NW.....98..551R. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0792-1. PMID 21499814. S2CID 6884413.
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