Janet Marion Clarke (née Snodgrass; 4 June 1851 – 28 April 1909) was an Australian socialite and philanthropist. She was known to the general public as Lady Clarke, a title which she assumed after her husband's elevation to the baronetage in 1882.
Janet, Lady Clarke | |
|---|---|
 Lady Clarke, c. 1880 | |
| Born | Janet Marion Snodgrass 4 June 1851 Yea, Victoria, Australia |
| Died | 28 April 1909 (aged 57) East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Burial place | Melbourne General Cemetery |
| Monuments | Janet Lady Clarke Memorial |
| Occupation(s) | Socialite, philanthropist |
| Spouse | William Clarke |
| Children | 8 Children & 4 Step-Children, including: |
| Parents |
|
Early life and marriage
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Janet Marion Snodgrass was born at Doogalloook, a station on the Goulburn River near Yea, Victoria. She was the daughter of Charlotte Agnes (née Cotton) and Peter Snodgrass. Her father, who died when she was 16, was an affluent landowner and a member of parliament. Her paternal grandfather was Colonel Kenneth Snodgrass, a Scottish-born British Army officer who became a colonial administrator in New South Wales, while her maternal grandfather – the owner of Doogallook – was the naturalist John Cotton.
In 1873, aged 21, Janet married William Clarke, 41-year-old widower for whom she had previously worked as a governess. She was stepmother to the four children from his first marriage, and bore an additional eight children herself (two of whom died young).[1]
In 1874, her husband inherited a substantial fortune from his father, W. J. T. Clarke. He became the largest landowner in the country, and an exceedingly generous philanthropist, for which in 1882 he was raised to the baronetage (the first Australian to be so honoured).[2]
Socialite
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In 1876, the Clarkes moved into Rupertswood, a large country mansion they had built near Sunbury. Their city residence was Cliveden, an equally massive mansion in East Melbourne that was completed in 1888. The couple were known for their lavish hospitality, hosting frequent balls, luncheons, dinners, and garden parties. Many singers and musicians got their starts by being asked to perform at these events. During the depression of the early 1890s, Clarke also ran a soup kitchen out of Cliveden.[1]
In 1882, Clarke was involved in the creation of the Ashes urn, the trophy awarded to the winner of the Test cricket series between Australia and England. During their 1882–83 tour of Australia, Ivo Bligh were invited to spend Christmas at Rupertswood – Sir William being the president of the Melbourne Cricket Club. As a joke, Clarke presented Bligh with a small urn, in which the ashes of a burnt bail had been placed. This was a reference to Australia's defeat of England earlier in the year, after which a mock obituary had appeared in The Sporting Times proclaiming that English cricket had died and "the body will be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia".[3][4]
Community work and philanthropy
editClarke was the president of the Melbourne District Nursing Society (later renamed the Royal District Nursing Service) for all but one year between 1889 and 1909.[1] In 2017, the organisation renamed itself Bolton Clarke, in honour of her and William Kinsey Bolton.[5] Clarke also served on the boards of the Women's Hospital, the Hospital for Sick Children, and Melbourne Girls' Grammar School. In 1889, she donated £6,000 towards the establishment of the Hostel for Women University Students at Trinity College, Melbourne.[1]
This provided the first separate residential accommodation for women students, and was later renamed Janet Clarke Hall in her honour and constituted as a separate college.[6] In 1902, Clarke was elected as the inaugural president of the Victorian branch of the National Council of Women. In 1904 she also became the inaugural president of the Australian Women's National League, a political lobby group for women's interests.[1]
Death and legacy
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Clarke died at Cliveden on 28 April 1909, aged 57. She had been ill for about a year, suffering from pleurisy, pneumonia, and peritonitis at various times.[7] Clarke's funeral was held at St Paul's Cathedral and officiated by Lowther Clarke, the Archbishop of Melbourne. Throngs of wellwishers lined the streets during the funeral procession. She was buried at the Melbourne General Cemetery next to her husband, who had predeceased in 1897.[8] He was succeeded in the baronetage by Rupert Clarke, the oldest son from his first marriage.[2] Two of Janet's sons, Russell and Sir Francis, became members of parliament.[1]
A memorial fund was established after Clarke's death, the proceeds of which were used to build a memorial rotunda in Melbourne's Queen Victoria Gardens (opened in 1913).[6]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f Sylvia Morrissey, 'Clarke, Janet Marion (1851–1909)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/clarke-janet-marion-3224/text4857, published first in hardcopy 1969. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
- ^ a b Sylvia Morrissey, 'Clarke, Sir William John (1831–1897)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/clarke-sir-william-john-3229/text4867, published first in hardcopy 1969. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
- ^ "The Ashes started out in Sunbury as part of a love story", Herald Sun, 25 December 2013.
- ^ Melbourne cemetery, resting place of Ashes nobility, to get much-needed restoration, ABC News, 8 March 2016.
- ^ RSL Care + RDNS rebrands with ‘ambitious target’ Archived 13 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Ageing Agenda, 8 August 2017.
- ^ a b Lady Janet Clarke profile, MonumentAustralia.org. Accessed 1 October 2022.
- ^ Janet Lady Clarke: Her Death Announced, The Argus, 29 April 1909.
- ^ Janet Lady Clarke: An Impressive Funeral, The Argus, 30 April 1909
External links
edit- Clarke, Janet at The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia
- Janet Clarke Hall