The black-and-white triller (Lalage melanoleuca) is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests.
| Black-and-white triller | |
|---|---|
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| A specimen from Naturalis Biodiversity Cente | |
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| A Southern black-and-white triller in Sultan Kudarat | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Campephagidae |
| Genus: | Lalage |
| Species: | L. melanoleuca
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| Binomial name | |
| Lalage melanoleuca (Blyth, 1861)
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Description
editMedium, sexes differ, races vary in size and extent of gray in lower back in male, or relative darkness of the grey in female. in melanoleuca female top of head, upper back, most of tail and wing black glossed with green; center of black gray; rump, tips of outer tail feathers, median wing coverts, edges of greater coverts and secondaries (all forming a broad white wing bar), inner edges to primaries, underwing and underparts pure white. female differs by having head and upper back light gray, rump and underparts grayish white finely barred with darker gray; undertail coverts white; bill black; eye dark brown; legs dark grayish black.
Description
editEBird describes the bird as "A medium-sized bird of lowland and foothill forest canopy. Has a black tail with white corners, black wings with a large white patch, and a white rump. Male has a black crown and back and entirely white underparts. Females have a gray crown and back. Similar to Pied Triller, but lacks the white brow and is found in forest rather than open habitats. Song consists of a 1- to 3-syllabled whistled phrase repeated 5-20 times in a row." [2]
They are sexually dimorphic in which males have the eponymous black bib and overall darker plumage with the females lighter and having "bibs" of either gray or white depending on the subspecies.[3]
Subspecies
editTwo subspecies are recognized:
- L. m. melanoleucal — Known as the Northern black-and-white triller; Found on Luzon Mindoro and Semirara Island
- L. m. minor — Known as the Southern Black-and-white Triller; Found on Samar, Leyte, Bohol and Mindanao
No known differences between the males of Southern and Northerns. Northern females have white underparts with a barred throat and chest, while southern females have a gray throat and chest with faint barring below.
The Handbook of the Birds of the World and International Union for Conservation of Nature recognize these 2 subspecies as separate species.[4]
Habitat and conservation status
editIts natural habitats at tropical moist lowland primary forest and secondary forest up to 1,000 meters above sea level for the Northern subspecies and 600 meters above sea level for the Southern.
The IUCN Red List has assessed this bird, both Southern and Northern, as least-concern species although it is uncommon in all parts of its range and is poorly known. More studies are recommended to better understand this species, population and conservation status. [5][6]
References
edit- A Guide to the birds of the philippines(2000) Robert S. Kennedy pedro C. Gonzales, Edward C, Dickinson Hector C. Miranda, jr. & Timothy H. Fisher
- ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Lalage melanoleuca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103702973A94081833. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103702973A94081833.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ "Black-and-white Triller - eBird". ebird.org. Retrieved 2024-09-04.
- ^ Allen, Desmond (2020). Birds of the Philippines. Barcelona: Lynx and Birdlife International Fieldguides. pp. 242–243.
- ^ Taylor, Barry; de Juana, Eduardo (2020). "Black-bibbed Cuckooshrike (Edolisoma mindanense), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.bkbcus1.01species_shared.bow.project_name. ISSN 2771-3105.
- ^ IUCN (2016-10-01). Lalage melanoleuca: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T103702973A94081833 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t103702973a94081833.en.
- ^ IUCN (2016-10-01). Lalage minor: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T103702994A104074548 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t103702994a104074548.en.
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